1 10 5 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/6a60d22d112e377cfc8507006b2555c1.jpeg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=IKAqv%7EDILcCWcB2XRtJ9DiU5vUx8b6jfLW1nNjFiAUacqxg6sHg5QsCQI5OygEBI0jO0IiXq6pbLLMfTqc96GFqq-eSwWmbeAhcehwqELGfGjl8jgfiNzCYh1K3S-VZmBPHHgcQTiEwWdVuptYx5Psl%7Eba8%7EOynSeDtcWS3oqE5Cgs9BplD1BUJbLBFdCZfIRXsAd-M9GtzbUQyY0gQkcS2kwR1L1vUfCej0yHHuzM0LADpbqSj2S5cUr9YHhwKoDJurXHBOMX545M5PUU6UlvX3%7E13pwjO1D68qmRaOjc6PpNBzjYOvXwuqIwk1ISy9tNFBZXHyQo1ItGVRK2UcYQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3d1acc78854f8593703167d390262701 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Statue Graveyard Subject The topic of the resource The undisclosed industrial park where the decommissioned statues from Virginia are currently housed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Photographer Lenin Nolly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seisdedos, Iker. 2023. “A US City Took Down Its Racist Statues. Where Do They Go Next?” The Guardian, February 28, 2023, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/27/the-statue-graveyard-where-torn-down-confederate-monuments-lie. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Guardian Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 28 February 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource By students in coursework or dissertations created in the course of full- or part-time study at a recognized school or university or other place of learning provided that such coursework or dissertation shall not be released for external publication in any form. https://www.theguardian.com/info/2022/nov/01/open-licence-terms https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d13052b3dde42bde51ba0bf2f971554c.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=WkxkBu7NuUSdFPpAKozKoruP-jJ4xzEjZZmxaiCqXG8AXJ1gXL8-nzbeCeQfwPXt9od6r5JU2FWVqaMDUPw4YPZnbC9klxk2IsvKSsXCh8nltkpb6T%7E-Nd83ru%7ElXcDxfuZKyNnDKORa6eMKrvHVGAHhxz7xFgbUbyDUiOrZeW8vAMTxtu9PAxNqb9w82FG5NjND6NSmKDYWOmzBfg%7ENUOH3JEQTk-g2ers1ycuEdkqko3RKjkyxiXyj9d7-j-wzkrfM70cmr1cv4AQdjzy6fkqHbhJkvg8qbN%7EBfriB539qar41Er9QP8INVqFfXwCymIKXnhJMwsbovZnXv8II-Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 470bb8c65c98e50d7c84275debb02409 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Former Site of Robert E. Lee Statue on Monument Avenue Subject The topic of the resource Center of Monument Avenue and Allen Ave in Richmond, Virginia Description An account of the resource After removing the statue of Robert E. Lee from Monument Avenue, the Richmond City Council decided not to install any fixture in its place. A garden with several succulents has been planted in the center of the roundabout. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kareem Khaled Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 October 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Item may be reproduced for educational purposes. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2282dc922c933432ef31062ed421aea3.JPG?Expires=1792627200&Signature=AJWTD6i87-DsFcEF2P1JCXFz8I0dYs2CFOPTDNoK0n0vbqoTqgeXstOrRov8QbzQzWhwvA3XQgU50VgLbag8mz%7EXK9Nu1zGNXuPX4n9463xcl0MQuLP6Zll3xpYPisdzGHPM9eeQ9KBYK0FonxL2pm%7EnJ0m67zPNnzoa1e-g72ZY6vsZ7n9dxFKoTY4KlXKwlWE07nmHCfjTLiYVYHuo1E0EoinaqxomZAwxZe38nTMiCCihH74KD9mxPXfzbupbx07DtmAyoIOMWteXLOs2xUTT0jSE-gH%7E7ZrBE8P6Om46c7NDKpZ0QDwlIF2QqOpAiFyUCWKkDGGBsUBMpYp5mg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 70eb21c6410523fdcf41925f09407090 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Black History Museum and Cultural Center Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2011 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wikimedia Commons Description An account of the resource The potential home of the decommissioned statues from Monument Avenue. Each of the statues may be displayed for visitors to the museum by 2025. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgan Riley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_History_Museum_and_Cultural_Center_of_Virginia#/media/File:Black_History_Museum,_Richmond.JPG Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy. Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5. Relocation and Recontextualization Description An account of the resource Following the removal of the monument of Robert E. Lee in 2021, the city of Richmond wrestled with the question of what to do with the now decommissioned statues of Confederate figureheads. Disassembly and storage of these monuments in late 2020 fell upon Richmond local Devon Henry. Under continuous threat from the Ku Klux Klan, Henry routinely wore a bullet-proof vest to work while decommissioning these statues. In total, Henry removed and relocated twenty-four Confederate monuments throughout Virginia. Iker Seisdedos of The Guardian reported on February 28, 2023 that all of the decommissioned statues from Monument Avenue along with others from around Virginia had been relocated to an open-air industrial area in Richmond. Although the exact location has been withheld from the public, photographer Lenin Nolly visited the statue graveyard and provided several pictures of the decommissioned statues to The Guardian. Each Confederate statue has been preserved exactly as it was following the protests over the murder of George Flyod and despite their disassembly, each piece has been coded for rapid reassembly, should the need arise. Many of the statues are covered in political graffiti or have been vandalized in severe fashion. The bronze statues have been shrouded in white cloth to prevent discovery from onlookers on the nearby highway. The Guardian suggested that the Davis statue would eventually travel to the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles. Emma North reporting for ABC 8 News in Richmond reported on January 24, 2022 that the Richmond City Council in a unanimous vote on Resolution 2022-R002 affirmed the plan to donate decommissioned Confederate statues to the Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia. The list of statues included Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, Jefferson Davis, J.E.B. Stuart, Matthew Fontaine Maury, all from Monument Avenue, as well as Joseph Bryan, Fitzhuh Lee, Confederate Soldier and Sailor, and the Ceremonial Cannons from various locations in Virginia. The Director of the Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Mary C. Lauderdale provided a statement to The Guardian in which she affirmed that the decision regarding presentation and contextualization of the decommissioned statues would be made in agreement with the Richmond community. According to Lauderdale, a decision of this magnitude will most likely take five to ten years and require significant input from the stakeholders. The one exception to this decision making process is the statue of Jefferson Davis which is in a prone and lying position at the Valentine Museum in Richmond. On full display and covered in political graffiti, the monument is now accompanied by panels of contextualization which explain how the monument fell and its relationship to the Lost Cause narrative propagated throughout the South. Surveys have been provided to each attendee of the museum with six options for potential solutions to the monument debate. These options include storing the statues, relocating the statues with context, relocating the statues without context, exhibiting the statues in museums, reusing the material for public art, or simply destroying the statues. Recent developments have necessarily shown that the public is in favor of displaying the statues in museums with proper contextualization, though opposition to this route persists. Artnet News reported that Los Angeles art director Hamza Walker of LAXART intended to temporarily relocate Confederate statues from Richmond, as well as, other cities in Virginia and exhibit them for the public in 2023 in Los Angeles. According to the article, “Walker conceived a fiendish idea: Why not stage an exhibition in which, removed from their places of pride, these statues could be evaluated not only as propaganda for genocide but also as art objects? And why not invite contemporary artists to create works in response to them?” In a close partnership with MOCA, LAXART has increased its roster of potential loans and has spent most of 2023 slogging through litigation and criticism for its decision to exhibit decommissioned Confederate statues. The LAXART website recently provided an update on the potential exhibit and modified the opening to 2025. Additionally, the exhibit will be accompanied by a well researched scholarly publication and rigorous educational programming. With financial support from the Mellon Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, LAXART and MOCA may potentially display these decommissioned Confederate monuments in the next two years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seisdedos, Iker. 2023. “A US City Took Down Its Racist Statues. Where Do They Go Next?” The Guardian, February 28, 2023, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/27/the-statue-graveyard-where-torn-down-confederate-monuments-lie. “MONUMENTS.” n.d. LAXART. Accessed October 26, 2023. https://laxart.org/monuments. Boucher, Brian. 2021. “A Curator Wants to Put Confederate Monuments in a Contemporary Art Museum. First, He Has to Figure out Who They Belong To.” Artnet News. December 20, 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/confederate-m onuments-contemporary-art-la-moca-2023-2051395. “Unanimous Vote: Richmond Confederate Monuments Going to Black History Museum.” 2022. WRIC ABC 8News. January 25, 2022. https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/unanimous-vote-richmond-confederate-monuments-going-to-black-history-museum/#:~:text=The%20Black%20History%20Museum%20and. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15 November 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist. 402 A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Subject The topic of the resource Decommissioned statues and their future in Richmond. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f4c8a227988aa6fc6a86fee538c1bc04.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=b0wIWm2Lf2RMAHbkoy2yA5n62qdukgV5UsBN3mMR32eIdST5asOuqS4GYtgVuElkHCAUjxk4xr1aPcUzhi-SwEn56yaiN6z1O%7EzkdAx4NLzSzlzpignTg9YWkjlxOKtKcUk9qStfzU6sAvRNBkKpzYV1DaOlWOoN2v2okdoTvW42KAzom7AwHfBDPwLsmC3-i4xye9C6k%7EyEOZnuRZnqiJaTQgI1Odd%7E-IyE2kTbG6wHSqsdmfKcrNlkbE8bWv9hXV%7Ef4uFaZnKQcdg9V8hQwBG-LlCG4xRnnc%7ErNHp157FC7RTkwiLHntQ6we9Ipbm1Mz6muh36TdL8ae2P2oGC%7EQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e07decb97ef1355189bdc29629d06bd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Statue of Robert E. Lee Description An account of the resource A monument to Confederate General Robert E. Lee was erected in 1890 next to a tobacco field. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cook Collection, the Valentine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Geographic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Geographic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e4acf7c02d1737a4bbd1e75a98b48417.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=lPEvNlYXtc5KeMnwzJvUvZGDRnBCXonnN08Ay%7ESycTLNh42OZsYwiNS4NG9b2L7m0zo1IYf3ettPdFufKyhvR4IaH%7EoIc9X0yaid5gas-DFdTPiycvJ2hOrsM5Z4NYoeMrGaoCRu1fj8V0qq-0zeOtmztEKJD3787uhU72t9Da4Q9ZJ8ExPFX25ZAvfJzxdMHjhrYNZsvU0v5OuRir-4sOR9%7EYoRlxKmYlamkkf%7EJJmL6cPefo1DgDnaWLPMAQyHfaTax4hbat5n%7E3PpOczNAHiGmsyXh8k395K5HygObF3jX-%7E8VV39JUhaoyG4WZFBMb-CUEp2xyP0xLp%7EtrMxBA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f51c4c8e38f13c6f1f20caba9b62eeb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monument Avenue Postcard Description An account of the resource A postcard portrait exhibiting the appearance of Monument Avenue which demonstrates the conscious and deliberate effort on behalf of Southern whites to reinforce the Lost Cause narrative. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richmond News Factory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5046c974ef85a0ea481009ad64b48de5.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=RRIoWXjF7H%7Edj%7EMbGhWfpeCtne3bLct4Wm6yE663j--3IVggOH4sTvtQVS%7ECfPG-H%7EiupgMIkmwEti9D29CgMIzE9p5vZ49c%7EykBCGH3EyG%7EBcRX8wNmdUCw7j2W9yl2EB9Aj1%7ES6I-vXdTuKvQix%7Eo7fVlXFFVqLofBwRbEUgAN0Wb0WuPUTZTqguWxXtS7QF9jnv4ewp4Itmmpv45TSElO3X9D66KSmGTQE45WhVCFV4wTgwjb3mhS32-3Rtt6gMmop8vKl8Hi6UQCsBBYFenM9KEjmKXe4JxN9tXUi8qaoDxYPpE2v9qhmGzLMz4Sc94R9QJKwzX7-rI2N0y7gA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 94a0424d99abdbed14affebcbdb38de5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Veterans Reunion Description An account of the resource Robert E. Lee's oldest son, George Washington Custis Lee (far right), reviews a Confederate veterans' reunion parade in front of the newly inaugurated memorial to Jefferson Davis in 1907. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Geographic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 June 1907 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Library of Congress Relation A related resource JPG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy. Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. The Construction of Monument Avenue Description An account of the resource During the post-Civil War era, conservative Democrats in the South attempted to revive the fading passions for the Lost Cause. Robert E. Lee’s nephew, Fitzhugh Lee, led the charge to create the Lee Monument Association in 1886. In May 1890 the dedication of the Robert E. Lee monument was timed to coincide with a massive Confederate veterans’ reunion which drew fifty former Confederate generals, fifteen thousand uniformed Confederate veterans, and more than one hundred thousand onlookers. Following the dedication and placement of the Lee monument, statues to both General J.E.B Stuart and the Confederate States President Jefferson Davis followed in 1907. The monument to Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson statue was placed and dedicated in 1919, followed a decade later by the statue dedicated to Matthew Fontaine Maury. An ominous new era of white supremacy had dawned which would last for seven decades, where Edwin J. Slipek stated that Monument Avenue was “more than a Confederate Valhalla.” The construction of Monument Avenue successfully revived the Lost Cause by drawing massive support across the Southern states for whites who touted their Confederate ancestry. Growing power among Southern whites forced African Americans to endure a new kind of abuse, both socially and politically, for another six decades. The success of Monument Avenue represented one of many examples of the revival of the Lost Cause narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Baker, Donald P. “Richmond's Monumental Centennial Celebration;The Statue That Shaped the Grand Avenue.” The Washington Post, Washington D.C. 04 May. 1990. <a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/307264035?pq-origsite=summon">https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/307264035?pq-origsite=summon</a> Edwards, Kathy, and Esmé Howard. “Monument Avenue: The Architecture of Consensus in the New South, 1890-1930.” Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, vol. 6, 1997, pp. 92–110. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3514365. Accessed 14 Dec. 2020. <div><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3514365?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents">https://www.jstor.org/stable/3514365?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents</a> Lawler, Andrew. “The Origin Story of Monument Avenue, America’s Most Controversial Street.” National Geographic. 27 Jul. 2020 <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/07/origin-story-monument-avenue-america-most-controversial-street/#close">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/07/origin-story-monument-avenue-america-most-controversial-street/#close</a> </div> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang , Monique Garcia, and Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A - Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Type The nature or genre of the resource Historic Avenue with Statues Subject The topic of the resource The origin and dedication of the statues on Monument Avenue. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1929 19th Century 20th Century CSA Leaders Dedication J.E.B. Stuart Jefferson Davis Matthew Maury Monument Avenue Removed Richmond Robert E. Lee Sculpture Statues Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1d3941d7a52d204ee7b4f93d895e3dbc.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=LXMYbWe4vmpVvhSET3FEDwokP1lmapmjG%7E295smhghQAehPDDYQjBQNBnNQQwrNWErWBZJQpVtvcDCe6rE0oJgAnEZNkZd83wzMtNjX0UyrcRhwGZ5xbKDsIJBa3o89W%7EF7S-kf%7ELHgNFCRAeYOveA1oxVp8Bep3fIIe6ch4FWXOohT4ZlZ1fc-NUdUWqirSu5zb1yKV1SB3l8%7EIiVWNYaCZI6JZ3MYyWXA8ZyJmy0cImemdhg1Wl5jy4jNRjWiY9PjSYFiQedjwaKhZBaUIampnnUvZLvmpo-a6xRa61Ts05785oyqk4eL54vbZeLcIUKH0kqzD9Us%7EBTlZKuMl-A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 37946d494439bacf7710dba4a2bdbd45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource J.E.B. Stuart Monument Description An account of the resource The Stuart Circle Hospital facing the J.E.B. Stuart statue on Monument Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Staff at Richmond Times-Dispatch Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Richmond Times-Dispatch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1954 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://richmond.com/news/local/photos-richmonds-monument-avenue-through-the-years/collection_f483c3cc-b7af-11e3-84f6-0017a43b2370.html#4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c946eff48467a1e6209fde528c3d1bb7.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=G4Rmy5034LKRzUYvfeIFlh58V8mOcX%7Etn0KoymppSYdgX64dnV-BKAbmmxJueZw2XpZK66486PkLxkB6gR2mG-TtSkNHZ9v5x8Tb3vfXr6C24LXmX57BMd5mq7JqSLRGQmLYVxEnTEPcNb%7EsPy61naoZy40oNDrHiRNmx8QI6UX0QRhNWGby4%7EcSu8VlZMQeTsQiV6uyIRx4f6zW%7EfO1c04bgDiXyHjP-FEBVAPcjuHiqaV8mYkFy86y1SHD2xOSKPWrgl2zAxxgnKYZu0cu1aK-q8bIgLMHYSWQPEtreOWoPiEe0%7EfzWaJjLWbLb-C982VBHkM75Xi0OCujzafrhA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b2ec28a4e8348946b6aac9cecfbfe649 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unveiling Ceremony Description An account of the resource Protestors and supporters attend the unveiling ceremony of the Arthur Ashe monument at Monument Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bob Brown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Richmond-Times Dispatch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 July 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://richmond.com/news/local/photos-richmonds-monument-avenue-through-the-years/collection_f483c3cc-b7af-11e3-84f6-0017a43b2370.html#11 Type The nature or genre of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/454376c2c6f2971177117b98cafdc279.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=BOTUCEjH72WM81IhoDumildF5MEgMZ9knhTr9PNIqH9DftuxY1Xus9GCJ915%7EqsIELLedL8j8KRPKuy7YNCfUAJJbs61quHTGHuDgaWfEB9BTBxx1Q1svXKtnuZi4RwE0wTAO8Isntigu26aCOBMQQIfJYG1hpQAF8ez--heR9v7qMWJaHAStBCQxO%7EIAvMmjkheQyydVOW7okXMlrX1oJLTSYB8jSgmUka3686IyKOtpMVMmDJyJsy7O2euetabtffr5IR6p-whKgHmhlPetjcMpiK-nM94TbhsEhx0hTzdRF-GLgwLsJORN%7EuG7rgYNmdXKzD7yySny4BPN-80ag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 042976ba905b090b2c80dfc9f4a5bf3a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Ashe Monument Description An account of the resource A closer look at the Arthur Ashe Monument. The inscription states, "Since we are surrounded by so great a crowd of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us. Hebrews 12:1" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve Helber Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Geographic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 July 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2020/06/as-monuments-fall-how-does-the-world-reckon-with-a-racist-past Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy. Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2. Monument Avenue in the Civil Rights Era and After Description An account of the resource The practice of memorializing Virginia’s central role in the American Civil War emphasized Lost Cause ideology while simultaneously avoiding the issues of racism and the ongoing harm to the descendants of the formerly enslaved population of the state. The Civil Rights Era signified a shift in the debate over the role of Monument Avenue in the former Confederate capital city. The centennial of the Civil War renewed Monument Avenue’s role as a preserver of Southern heritage and legacy. Subsequently, the mobilization of African American political organizations coupled with the flight of the white population away from the city, and towards the suburbs, initiated a fear of an African American political majority among the white elites in Richmond. These political elites believed that the rise of an African American majority would result in the tearing down of both the monuments and the ideology which the avenue had come to represent over the decades. Such a fear influenced local politics in 1965 when the Richmond City Planning Commission (CPC) examined plans to modernize Monument Avenue and centralize the city’s Confederate iconography. These proposals were laid out in the December 1965 pamphlet, Design for Monument Avenue. The plan to remove the brick surface lining the avenue and instead replace it for an asphalt surface, as a traffic-friendly corridor, created significant controversy. There was a fear that the historical look of Monument Avenue would be erased in favor of a more modern image. Out of these fears grew a political coalition of like minded preservationists called the Monument Avenue Preservation Society (MAPS). While the CPC had attempted to streamline and extend the marketable imagery of the Confederacy on Monument Avenue, MAPS prevented modernization and kept the statues where they had originally been dedicated. The society for preservation described Monument Avenue as a “bridge from past to present,” and reasoned that it was “incumbent upon the community today to be aware of this heritage and the artifacts which preserve it, so that our activities reinforce rather than obscure those elements of our heritage which we value.” Instead of modernizing the avenue, MAPS convinced the CPC to add more statues, both significant and relevant, to the Lost Cause narrative. One such statue was the project of sculptor Salvador Dali who had been commissioned to create a monument dedicated to Sally Tompkins. Known as the “Angel of the Confederacy,” Tompkins operated Robertson Hospital which regularly treated Confederate soldiers. The furor over Dali’s proposal ultimately defused the 1965 and 1966 efforts to expand the memorial strip since it would possibly alter the public’s familiar perception of Monument Avenue. While the CPC and the Virginia General Assembly did extend protection over the avenue, ensuring the statues could not be removed by an African American majority, attempts to introduce new statues ground to a halt. The addition of another statue would not come until the 1990s with the death of beloved Virginia activist and athlete, Arthur Ashe. After his passing, the Richmond City Council looked for a way to memorialize the local hero. The proposed statue, designed by local sculptor Paul DiPasquale, and approved by Arthur Ashe prior to his passing, was originally intended to be placed outside of the Hard Road to Glory Hall, a never realized hall of fame for African American athletes. The 24-foot bronze and granite statue was hotly debated for a potential spot on Monument Avenue. The opposition to Ashe’s placement on Monument Avenue argued that the statue would tarnish the Civil War theme established by the original monument association. However, calls for inclusivity prevailed, and the statue was dedicated on July 10th, 1996. The monument to Ashe remains to this day on the far western edge of Monument Avenue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Barbee, M. M. Race and Masculinity in Southern Memory: History of Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue, 1948-1996. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez, Sean Ghafourian, and Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, 2021, 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-1996 Arthur Ashe Civil Rights Movement Monument Avenue Richmond Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/011a283cbdd18656391c160551832af5.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=j5zM7ayY2H95LI0zQLLrghcnVfnLCyJEwhuywHro1OU1j3a1DPLher%7EeiZGv4NXTosn-dgGlv8oTTLjylAiDTRV0SUz%7EP3hVnMR-ONq%7Eb-oXigyx92EyD3cErxXRrWZPMpOg8oZyeGHfJopLFs-MUgVNtGFYloHJ91av7rQEWxhAUcKrI8OJ07VXNaGwro%7E4ik3OUcGEwWSyE%7EweQVsW8TI6bBSKJbwQNOM2dCjTVlWYiYp6jvN-Y%7ErhVtgmZ8FaxCFXZY-zoixdpMpX0F4CEJbKWrfU59QQ8XLsz82pR9%7EJf%7E3sTUFknvRH-b7DMbwwyTYmym7kv0IMe7JsNX0nFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 12219ff6d6363914363ca9587352e174 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charlottesville "Unite the Right" Rally Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/16086041@N00" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Anthony Crider</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charlottesville_%22Unite_the_Right%22_Rally_(36569135876).jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12 August 2017 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charlottesville, Virginia Description An account of the resource Charlottesville police in tactical gear blocking off the street. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Melanie Vigil https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/47e1cd361435ceb66d87e7ae10db4a9f.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=tm-x6GBbzJZbQ93sAfGvbfbwAkJHXmYia6KhcLndoBMYNo0qxt-o6OWvhpL6-5gyzo0U%7EQ91Q0GGubhxJcq7BQSQAedh1PrE9xxsPUWm5hbFe1QC3Uo%7EXURHGFy8eWHEPWKHFuZjqhzTBIoY6M-0GgJPgZuvDOkRCmGpJRTRv2M2gDXdJRl2Z8NxGs0oc1XWUKDBb7sq6jL2gOhUprbRwdtoJH0HLSWd1VnjMqu5ZH-sAu80FEYboPwFsKt9NgT%7EQZebgl7%7E%7EQVr9LWII7hJJ0cgQvTIPJAmZlKN-Ak0t5q3G%7Ept78Rir%7E2YWRxXHAVoIkKIKlw5NxwBUqlGEN5dRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3f3d3f83c17435b749c18870729b48f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource J.E.B. Stuart Statue on Monument Avenue Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hlj" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Hal Jesperson</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_Ave_Jeb_Stuart.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 2009 Description An account of the resource Dedicated in 1907, the statue of J.E.B. Stuart was placed at the final roundabout on Monument Avenue and Lombardy Street. Originally cast by Frederick Moynihan out bronze, the monument sat atop a granite pedestal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Melanie Vigil Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/38d19a8530005cfff98e5c11cb0d5bbc.jpeg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=nMcTUi1GMFJ7Hi72eB6wQCO%7E0wVDeItZ7tGFEObyFDQHwvCM4154ysLyzcqvBmyDAnT0sM1Mhg%7EEsxg63slvFcAR7R3e4MOAHDD5ROnttNRhETy%7EFfqJXQVsIV87ieVVIJ9uDEX2Lks0S13l6lVsYGdwpprzddyh5oErtGw59oSROtrepqJQYXnxYs-ZkT5SbULj3IW-OTRCgyc6cHeKDM55ndLkBthlY8PY4hQU80RlOwlz%7EoDfPGqsAFcAjlYpvJuk%7Eu8esiMJb-B0DtLDCJcqVO8DAk%7Ei4gWreVbbHo6FQ08KX%7E4%7ErYytHSJ3RalhNSthx0Us13T%7EjeArtBjsCQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 72bcf81debd5f6f6fab0eb54e0876110 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate President Jefferson Davis on Monument Avenue Description An account of the resource Placed in 1907, the Jefferson Davis monument sits at the center of Monument Avenue and North Davis Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martin Falbisoner Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_avenue_richmond_virginia.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 7 September 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Max Bezanilla Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wikimedia Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy. Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 3. The Impact of Charlottesville on Monument Avenue Description An account of the resource On August 12, 2017, the “Unite the Right” rally was held by white supremacists and white nationalists in Charlottesville, Virginia to protest the removal of a Confederate statue of Robert E. Lee. Counter protests ensued and the protest culminated in violence which lasted for several days. The horrific violence in Charlottesville was televised and it left an enduring wound in the US and dramatically affected Monument Avenue in Richmond. Mayor Levar Stoney spoke candidly about Charlottesville and its relationship to Monument Avenue, “Let me be clear: we will not tolerate allowing these statues and their history to be used as a pretext for hate and violence, or to allow our city to be threatened by white supremacists and neo-Nazi thugs. We will protect our city and keep our residents safe.” In the Monument Avenue Commission Report (MAC) of July 2018, it was stated that the Richmond City Council already had plans to remove all the confederate monuments prior to the tragic events of Charlottesville which led to the creation of the MAC. Charlottesville provided Mayor Stoney and MAC with a sense of urgency to remove the monuments as stated in his response to the rally. The “Unite the Right'' rally provoked the MAC to hold a public forum in August 2017 and over 500 people attended. Discussing the matter a year after the incident, <a href="https://abcn.ws/2MhgFvY">ABC News</a> journalist Meghan Keneally interviewed Richmond residents about the impact of the protests and the violence on the city. As of July 10, 2021, the City Council of Charlottesville, removed the statues of both Confederate Generals, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson who were the major galvanizing figures of the deadly “Unite the Right” rally. Charlottesville Mayor Nikuyah Walker said, “Taking down this statue is one small step closer to the goal of helping Charlottesville, Virginia, and America, grapple with the sin of being willing to destroy Black people for economic gain.” <a href="https://demo4hist402a2020fall.omeka.net/items/show/43#_ftn1">[1]</a> The Charlottesville’s statues of Lee and Jackson were erected in the 1920s and were celebrated with ceremonies including Confederate veteran reunions. Their erection coincided with the agenda of the South to validate the Confederacy and suppress Black communities.<a href="https://demo4hist402a2020fall.omeka.net/items/show/43#_ftn2">[2]</a> Following the “Unite the Right” public responses, the city council voted on August 20, 2017 to shroud both Lee and Jackson statues in black.<a href="https://demo4hist402a2020fall.omeka.net/items/show/43#_ftn3">[3]</a> Following the city council’s decision, both statutes were vandalized repeatedly with politically motivated graffiti. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Mayor Stoney's Full Statement on Monument Avenue." Richmond Times-Dispatch. August 16, 2017. https://richmond.com/news/local/mayor-stoneys-full-statement-on-monument-avenue/article_a6cd40c3-60ea-5209-81be-dcd9f87d98d2.html. "2018 Monument Avenue Commission Report." July 02, 2018. https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/richmond.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/9/8d/98dfbab1-3a10-52d4-ab47-f4a2d9550084/5b3a9346537e5.pdf.pdf. Keneally, Meghan. ABC News. August 03, 2018. https://abcnews.go.com/US/richmond-addressing-debate-confederate-monuments-year-charlottesville/story?id=57009869. “Charlottesville Removes Robert E. Lee Statue That Sparked A Deadly Rally” Ben Paviour. NPR. July 10, 2021. https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/npr/2021/07/10/1014926659/charlottesville-removes-robert-e-lee-statue-that-sparked-a-deadly-rally/ "Charlottesville's Confederate statues shrouded in black". fox5ny.com. August 24, 2017. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Melanie Vigil, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virgina Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-2023 19th Century 20th Century Charlottesville CSA Leaders J.E.B. Stuart Jefferson Davis Matthew Maury Monument Avenue Protests Richmond Robert E. Lee Sculpture Statues Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/31622c45f341a220c5d4a4e12e10dd84.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=jcatKYvfbejCktWp8EuytW7V6-bB0q8u-G95J2VetZb3w7uS3prPg-pko4WSO%7Ek0RClpWJGMdUCKCIn9aFJ0pRZGT0xP6Btdys81zqZeG1HH5AUjDCfiCBtInJYEL9Y6DBr6e8yrE3JZogxhVC3UUok0A8xu9vrwA8-Vz0uM8G1B6DCBTsZJbXKVRGvGtXHpUcc16TQjfCAW00DyJkIHQeRsrUyPs70t2%7EYJ74gQM46EwwNZv6Jz9%7EOHlSR2y04vnYYwFKx-siKG-R%7ES7sugbJ4xXQImYa5wyMijbpczKAuApPd%7E6GJs4a9pum7eUE378K1deEXtmOWc9nXoMmR%7E1g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8e2f73c0023438de8be0585634b3e7ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vacant Vandalized Pedestal of Jefferson Davis Description An account of the resource Jefferson Davis memorial as it stands on July 1, 2020 following the protests over the death of George Floyd and the removal of the Davis statue on June 10, 2020 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mk17b, Photographer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Davis_Memorial_Removed.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1 July 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/6bf3a3385b77f2baa6d08e5eadf0810e.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=I7vib3fXNKwoArVTSWCToeMmSSyZ9AWFA0iEhPNSEEtp2NJmKzDhu7H2KavHEXQa9QhCwSOMx5LUFc4vjMAIP3s1TD26egkWMePfcbzXCkNByeBDfq0Ym%7ErcncDf3ecdDdy6ER%7Ea6BO5CUg7GRfACP%7EelOvQ0dXEFJ-F7gP0SaH2ngd4nqZeIubifNKGCqJyqnT1eXtrNTXaXr7QHReaPSFf3k3U%7EEUMC9SG9jXjlH5Eq%7ECCF5JjpqiroIz46ExbtQkAevSX076xyyTBFNs81k34FvMHWiIQOPTO3X045ym5luMkzMMaxH%7EcaJwQ-8Ec4zLVeDR0PvDNj37RgKyJZQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dd0fdbf51cc5c938972b492aff3b9cd3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vacant Vandalized Pedestal of Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Description An account of the resource The statue of Confederate general Thomas Jackson, which had been placed on Monument Avenue in Richmond, the former capital of the Confederate States in 1919, was removed by the Richmond City Council on 1 July 2020. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/52257493@N00">Mobilus In Mobili</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_Ave_2.0_(50069235798).jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2 July 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/83b66b0ed790d9a1cec7cbae21ff2c2e.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=taVs-VkC4Vlw0SjtB8rw7Bl7IykxRptVATo8OgU9EkErsHu6UlVeCs0ckND3N2fZ1YWTd7qoESdZ%7E-Tc69dt%7ELRGyDa0D2csAudtigYyPmuVWfl2fTmjrcRsZSldE%7Ej-WT8rs4yRJmcmdg%7EhtqkQ1Q1%7EoMRz49vk3ebJcoK753BSbAAOSP%7E2Rkbhoa4Ao26NH9BMkWgWAP8JG8mNhh8s9ARVLaXp-gigJLUsfi7bOTSmdTDEF8hCDSsJfJ-F7NXJbuglWDrR0I8K-tY3h1PwMX0M13OPiJOd%7E0Odz73Q65IaYABV-PWPRF9AZFX7Mp-TMKrx79wmWvmdDUtbGmddiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 374fdde2f148462779a15d337584c94e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Defaced Pedestal of Robert E. Lee. Description An account of the resource Robert E. Lee Monument as it stands on July 1, 2020 after being defaced during the protests over the murder of George Floyd. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mk17b Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Defaced-lee-statue-2020.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1 July 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Steven Mang Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy. Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4. Monument Removal 2020-2021 Description An account of the resource On May 25th, 2020, George Floyd was killed by former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin while under arrest for allegedly passing off a counterfeit twenty dollar bill at a convenience store. When the video of this white police officer killing the unarmed black man surfaced, anti-racist and anti-police brutality protests erupted in cities around the world. Led in large part by Black Lives Matter activists, demonstrations across the U.S. consisting of thousands of participants continued for nearly six months. Four days after the death of George Floyd, local protests began in Richmond, Virginia. As protestors filled the streets, Richmond’s numerous Confederate memorials and statues quickly became targets for defacement, as they served as symbols of the city’s history of white supremacy and systemic racism. Throughout the month of June, protestors successfully toppled four Confederate statues including General Williams Carter Wickman, Confederate President Jefferson Davis, the Howitzer Monument, and the First Virginia Regiment Monument, as well as, the statue of Christopher Columbus. Additionally, the Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy, which has served as the national headquarters for the United Daughters of the Confederacy was set aflame. In response to the protest, on June 4, 2020, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam and Richmond Mayor Levar Stoney announced plans to remove the Robert E. Lee statue from Monument Avenue. The next day, the Richmond City Council unanimously voted to remove all Confederate statues within the city limits. Following two months of daily demonstrations, in early July the city of Richmond officially removed three Confederate monuments dedicated to J.E.B. Stuart, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, and Matthew Fontaine Maury, from their locations on Monument Avenue. The last statue to be removed from Monument Avenue was the Robert E. Lee monument. The Supreme Court ruled in September 2021 that the monument could be legally removed and it was finally dislodged and relocated on September 8, 2021. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Steven Mang ,Monique Garcia, and Kareem Khaled Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A: Fall 2020, Fall 20201, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Burch, Audra D. S., Weiyi Cai, Gabriel Gianordoli, Morrigan McCarthy, and Jugal K. Patel. “How Black Lives Matter Reached Every Corner of America.” The New York Times. June 13, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-protests-cities-photos.html. 2. Duster, Chandelis. “Robert E. Lee Statue on Historic Virginia Street Removed.” CNN. Cable News Network, September 8, 2021. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/08/politics/robert-e-lee-statue-richmond-virginia-removal/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/08/politics/robert-e-lee-statue-richmond-virginia-removal/index.html</a>. 3. Levenson, Michael. “Protesters Topple Statue of Jefferson Davis on Richmond’s Monument Avenue.” The New York Times. June 11, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/Jefferson-Davis-Statue-Richmond.html 4. Robinson, Mark. “It’s unanimous: All nine Richmond City COuncil members back removal of Confederate monuments on Monument Avenue,” Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 5, 2020, <a href="https://richmond.com/news/local/its-unanimous-all-nine-richmond-city-council-members-back-removal-of-confederate-monuments-on-monument/article_a639a9e9-6757-5278-8da5-bf498241afb9.html">https://richmond.com/news/local/its-unanimous-all-nine-richmond-city-council-members-back-removal-of-confederate-monuments-on-monument/article_a639a9e9-6757-5278-8da5-bf498241afb9.html</a> 5. Wamsley, Laurel. “Judge Orders Richmond’s Robert E. Lee Statue Can Be Removed.” NPR. October 27. 2020,https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/10/27/925407770/judge-orders-richmonds-robert-e-lee-statue-can-be-removed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-2021 Language A language of the resource English 19th Century 20th Century Christopher Columbus CSA Leaders J.E.B. Stuart Jefferson Davis Matthew Maury Monument Avenue Protests Removed Richmond Robert E. Lee Sculpture Statues Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson Virginia Williams Carter Wickman