1 10 79 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/354ab0d88e29a9bd2fe4dda645461b63.jpeg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=WAjDMGgPYxwZ-LlUrdyQsb8FFmMaYTR8d6U1UyK2UDSJRHk5YaMN26%7Es9Z2ztuFIOByDda8PeAUTrneBdqMn3Mx4nFEJVo15tja0V24QIFvDpTl8YLIhoKSYeh8eDLGFrgoDf7yggJCKPCoPGmabyDEpW3Bgq1EbbM1c09qitf8nqvJg7u-cC5w1XggEpONYphJ1nvO%7ECzlkCVMZ999eJqqhOxFn0xKKj6cK7l6Li9r-mR1k6-56nX7Q65KD4JRR3Si59gS4Bp%7EywuWlEhx8VMKCefnoWOX-pRsmEfw6M8gnAiyHpUU6HvrcPfuASxzhlbhLm%7Ebk2VdnRlY-ifJPSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0f1b242879c07fd59efc2cdc3acd47e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finn’s Point National Cemetery Confederate Monument Description An account of the resource A photo of the monument honoring the dead Confederate soldiers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource User Smallbones Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 17, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Omar Alhakawati Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/08573d46a11b2f82ff3b83e38d141589.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=rQdlXPKFH6mbOYZSDbonMprpGp-4lRP2kQ1UbWCz3abgl5pRSCWNYVG7JmQ6JWjxskadEPxR6JBswEqbNm7yeL5WjYUACSR1c6-yCYr9BV5RDXr8jA26k5pGh2Ud7OeZLMNvIK59SWHvMyoV%7EtlqD58mO%7EIYIH9Mxk-eVCpxQ5oF1KL7G4FE0mqhkd9imr947y1YOVTykxKsaameS7ze5sLIdZ7R%7EU2PUTEFDs%7EJdDZ2ub6zt-sfrddHLMJ-iVRx7OQFauLIKIyxNl-0AIwP51g1SPefccSUOs9o1hT%7EqWPFWkW48RlQ6WHZgsAWpg5o1wDJ8rcS2J3MHjCA-y8vpg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 761aa23e418dc8f74d89f5602d78f496 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fort Delaware During the Civil War Description An account of the resource A sketch depicting Fort Delaware where Confederate POWs had died and were eventually moved to the National Cemetery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource D. Alud Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Delaware Public Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Omar Alhakawati Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/581f7aa65eece6b69f13ef619669c14c.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Rs5GD%7ExC9bPPton4q7c46Z%7EjdCEgLIgF9tG%7Ez6-GycnpS3gBK%7EVXwJ3NfkwllvPeePtPhkVnfgDmhYjnpBuuy4n5t2DoF8BLrBSnYa4q0HxogjmX6dp-ENZPr9HdKjXgt1pRdZ6RFcZrhFKu2mSQQHpi-Hd5jH-eNd5H3ryntGQVJM%7EWhNTL0rQuGTEOANJltfwTsQ4Bp3%7EtKPkJXYhEnY7RMx2vOoM9DkZ3G5LseO6TZYgOTLCVY9K8KU6kgT6qvkJ6u-GyEHtwBZtmvej9dNc%7EfMkm%7Ek-bsKShe12ZWQbDi62-EbOEIV4q5ZWTpR9WYZFpvt98bPzelKrkYX1ffw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 62a083e0dfdbffa225670e47eecd76a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Governor of Virginia James L Kemper Description An account of the resource This former Confederate general during the Civil War requested Finn’s Point become an official national cemetery after seeing the poorly maintained Confederate graves. His request was accepted by the Federal Government and it became a national cemetery on October 3rd, 1875. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lumpkin & Tomlinson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Original Publisher Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Omar Alhakawati Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Finn’s Point National Cemetery Confederate Monument Description An account of the resource Erected in 1910 by the United States Government, this Confederate monument stands to honor the 2,436 prisoners of war that passed away during their imprisonment at Fort Delaware. The land that this monument stands upon had originally been bought by the federal government to construct fortifications protecting the port of Philadelphia. In the middle of the Delaware river stood Fort Delaware, and Fort Dupont on the western bank. However, by the time of the Civil War there were no permanent fortifications constructed on Finn’s Point. As a result, Confederate prisoners of war were interned at Fort Delaware for the entirety of the war. As was common during wartime prior to the 20th century, disease and hunger ran rampant among the Confederate prisoners. Among the 12,595 Confederates at Fort Delaware, around 2,700 of them passed away. The Union army initially buried the dead at the fort, but as they continued to increase a new burial site was decided at Finn’s Point. Dead Union soldiers had also begun to be buried at Finn’s Point, and on October 3rd, 1875 it was officially designated as a national cemetery. In 1910 the Federal Government commissioned the construction of an obelisk which would honor those confederates which had died at Fort Delaware, and were subsequently interred at Finn’s Point. The Confederate Monument at the National Cemetery still stands to this day alongside the Union monument and the graves of the fallen. Unlike many other Confederate monuments that have received calls to be demolished, it is unlikely that this monument will face such pressure. Cemetery monuments such as this, which serve to memorialize those who have fallen, are for the most part ignored. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the entirety of those Confederates who are buried here did not fall in battle, but instead passed away as prisoners of war. Nevertheless, it stands as just one of many dedications to Confederate soldiers across the nation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States Federal Government Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Finn’s Point National Cemetery--Civil War Era National Cemeteries: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary.” National Parks Service. https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/new_jersey/finns_point_national_cemetery.html. Administration, National Cemetery. “Va.Gov: Veterans Affairs.” Finn’s Point National Cemetery, May 1, 2015. https://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/finnspoint.asp. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Omar Alhakawati Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Obelisk, Monument Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pennsville, NJ (Finn’s Point) Cemetery Military New Jersey https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b033f865219a0d97dd2233de1dad6974.jpeg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=kb1KGjaAJujuADBNCaXhpCwkP-CtUZLdr5SU%7EbKXfSKWSSjhouou-9eu9iSLzoFhVvoyprsc6WWxTysx3jq-go%7ERpliQaCB74Nmmki8ncMTIdPw95uYBmC68ZEVCUHuZoifz2Ob-HG0xlDtjfkpk6EBbcS81AO-95lyC39TVsThPoutHf1%7EKtfoCOa8c8FS%7E7TW-IoY94QLr77Wj66jCPX5B-N0VxwT6Xz3wGX3ZWEQnjBPSXlixyZQMM9Kh-1N-Qm-hs7OAIoGMsVvq%7EuMXQ5wJPAZSMBkB1091ngaXoCLyJ40sTj%7EFIE71ZwtpYVHMefLMkPyu-HAKFdG5yHcJbw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d844478609678f273ea5f3bfe40136d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florida's old and new capitol buildings with the Confederate Monument in the right foreground - Tallahassee, Florida. Description An account of the resource Confederate Monument stands at the right foreground. The old and new capitol buildings are behind the monument. Image is in color. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Florida's old and new capitol buildings with the Confederate Monument in the right foreground - Tallahassee, Florida. 1900 (circa). State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/44086 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Florida Memory State Library and Archives of Florida Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 (circa) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida(state)-Leon(county)-Tallahassee(inhabited place) https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/9530b63e45ade1e1f398d343af7b6054.jpeg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=U1UN7zgsd4vYQRpX17oqr%7EKWZnt1lD676j1NMAiRLVJIqUwWv4%7EdF7ZyiEberqsNy0nEaFfmqVm6HIShzT5w24VPqumMXI8fAsaqHuE2aZZnzTIq6eYM1JCOQriDNhwGdW6ENHnITUr%7ETmDP1cS8ByYvA7ADg8Ve8ETy8EjWzvhSYwbotaRFGMrT9ODZZyhR1BDqTr5t-z13haLZruVYusL8sy2CQKaw%7EoINtNom8UaP-Rm%7EieI-nhyfdC3FmlqkyQO1Xzkv-ZroIZwJ%7E7xU7gvA2TShjrIQEb%7EdM2yqD-eeeEz%7E2krM3iUfQOMhnCtRs-8D7-KVp8JoqUs1r-eVTg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 43e47a1b0f38d6d73247121aebe56758 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memorial at the Florida Historic Capitol Description An account of the resource Close-up corner view of two base facades. Left inscription reads “VIRGINIA BATTLES. WILLIAMSBURG, SEVEN PINES, RICHMOND, COLD HARBOR, MANASSAS, SHARPESBURG, FREDERICKSBURG, GETTISBURGH, CHANCELLORSVILLE, WILDERNESS, YORKTOWN. &G.” Right inscription reads “WESTERN BATTLES. SHILOH, FARMINGTON, 1ST BATTLE OF CORINTH, GREEN RIVER, PERRY VILLE, CHICKAMAUGA, MISSIONARY RIDGE, RESAGA, GILGAL CHURCH, GILGAL CHURCH, GASSVILLE, KENNESAW MT, DECATUR, ROUGH AND READY STATION, JONESBORD, FRANKLIN. &G.” Image is in color. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tori Lynn Schneider Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Call, James. “As America again looks at symbols, Florida Capitol’s Confederate memorial remains.” Tallahassee Democrat. June 13, 2020. https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/politics/2020/06/13/protests-rage-florida-capitols-confederate-memorial-still-stands/3175526001/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tallahassee Democrat Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 13, 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Personal, Non-commercial Relation A related resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida(state)-Leon(county)-Tallahassee(inhabited place) https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/fe4136eb3cd28044fe3cd1acec70dac9.jpeg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=EmxllcC0SvynDf%7Ektg31jY1szgzvQN27LkH9CeA0b7-m8gP262G8x7T2aQthoCcT%7EH7EtnHuTJ%7EZpronAmv3pih-BDMwwtOSMZfC7eU3eQHzUb3r3GoONKi9HJrirWUyJT0S2hviaiQxpP20kGkD4XBB3z8Qd4Cx1kg21b3jKklLA1jU%7EuzT4RURtOMohnJ8yBry5Q2dxCtbRQB59egytpFHpD7T9Dr18klPdVsZ2nFmJ5Np0EyZIbNMMdxRh7mV75XDG-ep7HQQKoheVVHuXS%7EkSqHUYq4rUZOvebT510DuJnJTMWaDp7SBlJ%7EnF%7Eqb7cwcgcxE5-4H3oTrNeqvug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7d0a5a58bbf12fbef9d9a39e2cd438d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Close-up View of Confederate Monument at the Old Capitol in Tallahassee. Description An account of the resource Close up image of Confederate Monument. Inscription reads “TO RESCUE FROM OBLIVION AND PERPETUATE IN THE MEMORY OF SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS THE HEROIC PATRIOTISM OF THE MEN OF LEON COUNTY WHO PERISHED IN THE CIVIL WAR OF 1861-1885. THIS MONUMENT IS RAISED BY THEIR COUNTRY WOMEN.” Image is in color. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sandra Wallus Sammons. Additional contributor Robert Sammons. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sammons, Sandra Wallus. Close-up View of Confederate Monument at the Old Capitol in Tallahassee. 1988. State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. Photograph. https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/322325 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Florida Memory State Library and Archives of Florida Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1988 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida(state)-Leon(county)-Tallahassee(inhabited place) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florida State Capitol Obelisk Subject The topic of the resource Florida-Leon County-Old State Capitol-Tallahassee-Obelisk-Confederate Soldiers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available See publisher information for each item. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1882 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia Relation A related resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 401A Fall 2023 Description An account of the resource On November 6, 1860 Governor Madison Starke Perry appealed for Florida to prepare to secede the United States of America and Join the southern states in creating and organizing a confederacy. On December 22, 1860 a statewide election was held to select delegates for a convention, called the “Convention of the People of Florida,” to make a decision. On January 10, 1861, sixty-nine delegates voted. The Ordinance of Secession was passed with sixty-two voting yes and seven no. Six months later Florida joined the Confederate States of America. Florida is often forgotten as the third state to secede. The state became integral to the Confederacy as a provider of beef and salt. In 1864 the Confederacy lost control of the Mississippi River and Florida supplied the Confederate Army with cattle. Floridian troops began to fight in the war in April 1861. In 1864 the war reached Jacksonville docks when Union troops hoped to gain east Florida. Several battles in different parts of Florida ensued. The last battle in the state was in March 1865. Confederate soldiers defeated union troops at the Battle of Natural Bridge. Days before General Robert E. Lee’s surrender, Florida Governor John Milton committed suicide. Much of the history of the obelisk remains unknown. The obelisk was commissioned by “Women of Leon County” and was dedicated in 1882. One one side of the monument is the dedication inscription which reads “TO RESCUE FROM OBLIVION AND PERPETUATE IN THE MEMORY OF SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS THE HEROIC PATRIOTISM OF THE MEN OF LEON COUNTY WHO PERISHED IN THE CIVIL WAR OF 1861-1885. THIS MONUMENT IS RAISED BY THEIR COUNTRY WOMEN.” The other lists the Civil War battles in which the Confederate Soldiers of Leon County participated. It was originally placed at the west end and later moved to its current location in 1923 by Governor Augustus Hardee and the Florida cabinet. In 2017 Andrew Gillum, Tallahassee Mayor and Democratic candidate for governor, called for the removal of the monument. Department Management Services of the state reported that the governor has no authority to make such decisions. Since the monument is part of a permanent exhibition at the Florida Historic Capitol Museum only the Florida Legislature has the authority to decide on any actions against the obelisk. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource See rights information for each item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource See format information for each item. Type The nature or genre of the resource Obelisk Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant State Capitol, Tallahassee, Florida Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Exterior and Grounds. Florida Historic Capitol Museum. https://www.flhistoriccapitol.gov/Pages/ExhibitsAndCollections/ExteriorGrounds.aspx#:~:text=Exterior%204%20Confederate%20Monument,its%20present%20location%20in%201923. “Timeline.” Florida in the Civil War Documents. Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. https://www.floridamemory.com/learn/classroom/learning-units/civil-war/timeline/ “Ordinance of Secession, 1861.” Florida in the Civil War Documents. Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. https://www.floridamemory.com/learn/classroom/learning-units/civil-war/documents/secession/#:~:text=We%2C%20the%20people%20of%20the,States%3A%20and%20that%20all%20political Rosica, Jim. “Andrew Gillum: Get rid of Capitol’s Confederate memorial.” Florida Politics. August 17, 2017. https://floridapolitics.com/archives/243148-andrew-gillum-confederate-memorial/ Florida Obelisk State Capitols https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/568fcbe8f6a5365c953789e4a4fe7b73.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=roUMtLX%7ER1h0T4jm43RGYt8CkfF%7EFOtyQjGT5lB744VJmjyyuGFC4j%7EM3dwZDkC6ZL7a-SYWV5Y30-8%7E%7EyMK8rkqNndhfRFD%7E%7EEmendtVieWT9Mzoy7F6qxdael%7Ee3k8kchGv4syq79fHv25cd-755SicJpE9WrNWirFz20ZofqmAoNUZXKb9vckB0px6BdukhWpdg0C5ctOFpuHfAwbOhQrTYylVfTtODsf1l2vzesaW1Tjrphd%7E7LYaNP9UuiE-nRkVbOz7Xbi%7EUzglI2EGhgRnRcfRHvy76J9jo0w3oCvuoHUbL2brG6bg-QoLapFgpwSG-uvbU2wyUIXIMt6og__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d5c439ace8d6bdbb13831f631ba9cc90 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dixie High School Description An account of the resource Street view of Dixie High School Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Magnus Manske Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie_High_School_%28Utah%29#/media/File:Dixie_High_School,_St_George,_Utah.jpg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikipedia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 18 August 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Janae Scott https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/86a7a3ecce4015d73c0a6eadfc702d9c.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=e3FivDrPumd7huJib88nRMGWMXzl3-s3RATZGq8ZibbqhvG0zN9zyp6JyhuylKJItfY6UoFUXHYBi5DNDCe%7EAi7yArlTG6Y6nqHwJ5kOhdFrTJQlCNIdRLH9NZWw6chK%7E6xg-qTgtePsW9eF8ck8sCyVN7gF9-ismWQOzcBKtWYyqehP32jI2JqBdHdQQcKIsz%7ESP9xj-D6vGnGsBfve7zXW93qithBTCw4zaNqPnwkuKSX-1S9zJHkMl7MVajxET0V7hsxdyDBMEwNVRG56nxJgEj0pOEwDJFxWPr9sm3FMgCKmBN1tMcqxNZtpTHe0GQFeZGK3cgdAuuDjxfeegQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 283f89ba20e89c7d881bec03725069aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dixie Academy Description An account of the resource Front view of Dixie Academy, 1914 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Register of Historic Places Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://wchsutah.org/buildings/dixie-academy-building.php Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Janae Scott Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/28430ce14cdd3f8755759b9ac29cf424.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=FrXkuZW1ZEiT1Re%7EFpVNT4X867nRVsPujYsBP20wKDsDNgiunQQnv4F3KKtHJSedel7h4Ghn0CbV3oO5usOAsvdVlI4Ba88oSbeDSdW6s6VAPsY83RXKcnkdFtYxam9SMfb3bYInENhCM7f20xtxIgh%7EdPl987y%7E3Gbs5drCTrDI2Dl-mhL2-tRGg-smsrxMfDanshmDQXn3T0COaR96HAQ3TvrRclRz4QHCH%7EvNVFLQ0Zs9wWlpMdblJkViTRBigUCP%7EVYU56B4OdsZ-SU7DNYIfZtnr5aYKqcMW8ah0bhjZIM4TOywDqX-w7nBiGeh%7EshHRIJUakBoyJmo3VVAxQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a96c3fd85dc20b0010d307552648d57b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dixie High School Gymnasium Description An account of the resource Inside the Dixie High School gymnasium with the school mascot. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alder Family Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://ksltv.com/395704/dixie-high-graduate-credits-mascot-duties-confidence-diploma/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available KSL TV 5 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 23, 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Janae Scott Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dixie High School, St. George, Utah Subject The topic of the resource A high school in Utah, that is still in operation. Description An account of the resource Dixie High School is located in St. George Utah was created in 1911 by Mormon pioneers and is still in operation with roughly 1,200 students attending. The school's mascot is the Flyers, represented by a World War I biplane pilot. Dixie High School was one of the first high schools in the town of St. George and was under St. George Academy. It was soon nicknamed “Dixie” Academy, as it is a tradition to white-wash the name on sandstone rock. The name comes from the Morman pioneers in the area around that time. Dixie High School started to gain a bit of popularity because of the basketball team in the 1940s. The Dixie High School basketball team played for the state championship but lost to the Ogden High School team. After the loss, the administration started talking for several years about separating the school. In 1963, Dixie Academy broke up into two different schools one being Dixie High School and the other being Dixie College. Dixie High School moved to a different building in the early 2000s and construction started to begin and they created a three-story building. As they were building new areas for the students, they started to tear down the old buildings, with the construction being complete by 2005. Currently, the Dixie High School Administration is committed to having their students continue to thrive in the classroom as well as trying to improve their academic performances and to set the students up for a bright academic future. The name Dixie is still being used throughout Southwestern Utah, not only at Dixie High School but also throughout the city. There have been polls to see if they should change any building that has the name Dixie in it, but a majority of the people voted that it would negatively impact statewide and local support. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mormon pioneers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Dixie High School (Utah).” Wikiwand. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Dixie_High_School_(Utah). “Washington County Historical Society&nbsp; &nbsp; (Washington County, Utah).” Dixie High School in St. George, Utah. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://wchsutah.org/schools/dixie-high.php. How one pocket of Utah is confronting the word ‘dixie’ and all of its ... Accessed December 9, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/how-one-pocket-of-utah-is-confronting-the-word-dixie-and-all-of-its-associations/2022/01/06/460ca590-59d5-11ec-929e-95502bf8cdd5_story.html. Facer, Austin. “Dixie State University Is Changing Its Name, but What about Other ‘dixie’ Schools in Utah?” ABC4 Utah, November 15, 2021. https://www.abc4.com/news/southern-utah/dixie-state-university-is-changing-its-name-but-what-about-other-dixie-schools-in-utah/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Janae Scott Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource School Building Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant St. George, Utah Dixie Mormon United Daughters of the Confederacy Utah https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/ae537925797a54e76b6da0ed14b76d62.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=nNIiyQt-TirW351TKz4JS2GZEPsAUYBLYfkJN1UJzXrUCn5uQ5ISi8IpilBXzXAY%7E3Suvzu6keOAQWyFY2YMQgDexsA6Ifxp%7ECWa5PwoqKprzr8e1UxpP%7EZntf44cFxGcdlOSHpZhK4HgN4yr7BYXSeXl3sZyFFiWgSNkWtpbQtEUUGbryCR%7ETXe6yJJlaOlTejAEAywCeqbHs2SmaIkxIMgBlKn1%7EJBmfNhWlI7t7b0BBryWL96xnowtHoxii1Vt2ppq9J7aumQKRyOHMKRabSfBhvNLwtcEIBFmk9seQlDAO-KKeccMfFCqgPLfbcSthGfojuKgCYRQyhB1XTR5A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6250e67e641ce41d81280a33d587a268 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buildings, Leesburg, Idaho Description An account of the resource Front street view of four wooden structures. These were some of the first buildings in Leesburg. A group of approximately fifteen men are standing in front of the structures while one is mounted on a horse. Image is in black and white. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource F. Thrasher Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived F. Thrasher. Buildings, Leesburg, Idaho. 1870. Photograph. Idaho State Historical Society, Idaho State Archives Digital Collections, https://idahohistory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p265501coll1/id/748 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Idaho State Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano García Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/bf78f544b6c00e837841a715cdb5daef.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Msu%7EXtfs7PW3-vSyY2BOD5TXymrMAwFhwjL3NWVH4nYGbgSUBpd8xp6k9WY-RVm8hwpwlCzdzY-YAXL2RseF10tT%7ErAaaSkpBvalzF3tBXOuiufyzOEuVYIZAacr2tuPkcrgrg8IrYIv9k%7EZptnY9xU3wit%7EzOaDuHE02f8qKCLlzvXqBvxFxq7jn0YX-3zLq6teJibc0iONhqGaQDE4Ubbv6mhfJ9WRHmgbeeRCDJQrTD8nxJ5zUCImxAaoeuPjYP9KPN1gZPmi42fk3tlzqMsCjGKTd2InSUNeRBlTtJWgWXPwUyxkJyNWYrE73RbtqR8cO5smHccvRFg7W5I8Xg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8ae9cb65d4c62f3ad1365bbd2331ceb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leesburg Townsite, Napias Creek, Salmon, Lemhi County, ID Description An account of the resource Street view of the Leesburg Townsite. At the forefront of the image there is a T-intersection. Six deteriorating but standing log structures at the left side of the street and of the photo. One standing structure and one in ruins at the right side of the street and of the photo. The landscape behind the structures features pine trees and mountains. Clouds are visible in the mostly clear sky. Image is in black and white. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Historic American Buildings Survey (creator) and David Maul (surveyor) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, and David Maul. Leesburg Townsite, Napias Creek, Salmon, Lemhi County, ID. Lemhi County Salmon Idaho, 1933. translated by Bill, Barrymitter Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/habshaer/id/id0100/id0169/photos/059696pv.jpg. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano García Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No known restrictions on images made by the U.S Government. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/0e090f4e3b018ca52dc61ea568752483.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=sPL-bxL7QE9iSeL6dS6q%7EcxK3sq50kF42XkojuNpM11fOtt15ulWJYRKXZ%7EERzZTmnh89NjTf1XtVKtHn901dBwDetmz6pByrK2SJtdSax73Oxp72PakG0xy6Sz4tJIxJcoI1-t%7Ev7jtM2qAjvEDZu1E1WosQovU-Vi7CxnZ4%7EpGzzpIXyQ%7EJ5EXZYZ4CRKDqmw7BSFuhACatFG95LzKt7J4HgdaDA5oSSNyslEDuyLRE-xCDbiXDqgWmkZBqZGFNBdKqGUAs1gPNRp8IrPqd2TxfhaohUBIgI93HbT4rwj-e24CE8EAlnSXLAU41AVlQoWDEe3GsQ5jSqFhIf%7EhyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 319f779baff30c9fec848bae19c6ad1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historical Markers, Leesburg, Idaho Description An account of the resource A celebration on July 17, 1926 of the discovery of gold at Leesburg, Idaho. At the forefront is a plaque reading “GOLD” on top of a stone pillar. Four men are mounted on horses while two other horses remain rider free. A hillside with trees is in the background. Image is in black and white. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historical Markers, Leesburg, Idaho. 1926. Photograph. Idaho State Historical Society, Idaho State Archives Digital Collections, https://idahohistory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p265501coll1/id/744. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Idaho State Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 17 July 1926 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano García Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leesburg, Lemhi County, Idaho Subject The topic of the resource Idaho–Lemhi County–Leesburg–Gold Mining Townsite–1866 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank Barney Sharkey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available See publisher information for each item. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16 July 1866 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano García Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource See rights information for each item. Relation A related resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource See format information for each item. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource See type information for each item Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Salmon, Lemhi County, Idaho Description An account of the resource Leesburg is an abandoned town located in Lemhi County, Idaho. It was named Leesburg after Confederate General Robert E. Lee. It was one of the first gold mining camps in Idaho. On July 16, 1866 Frank Barney Sharkey led a group of four along the Salmon River, where they found gold in the Napias Creek. Napias is a Shoshoni word for “money.” An indigenous chief met Sharkey at his camp and questioned whether he had found any napias. The chief did not want more prospectors coming to the area, but his requests were ignored. After the news of gold spread, many prospectors headed to Lehmi County in search of riches. Within a month, a stampede of prospectors reached the new mining town. The prospectors were Civil War veterans from both sides, but most were Confederate veterans. Each faction wanted to name the town after a military general from the Civil War. The groups settled on having two communities in one town: Grantsville and Leesburg. The Leesburg community grew larger and the Grantsville name was forgotten. That winter, Leesburg residents almost died from starvation. Heavy snowfall closed roads and pack trains could not deliver supplies. A group of miners were selected to shovel a path for the pack train. This lasted from February to March 8, 1867. By spring, Leesburg grew to 2,000 residents. Leesburg residents also included Chinese miners. The town consisted of a one room school, business firms, two butchers, houses, and a mile long main street. The majority of the structures were log buildings. In 1870 the population dropped to 180 people due to low investment returns. In 1926 there was a small commemoration of Sharkey’s gold discovery. Industrial hydraulic mining began in 1930 but by 1942 operations were ceased. In 1975 Leesburg joined the National Register of Historic Places. Today it is a popular tourist destination for Ghost Town Adventurers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hunter, Makoto, Brigham Young University. “Leesburg and Grantsville, Idaho.” Intermountain Histories. 2023. https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/492 Idaho State Historical Society: Reference Series. “Leesburg.” Idaho State Historical Society. 1982. https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0203.pdf “Leesburg, Idaho.” Western Mining History. 2023. https://westernmininghistory.com/towns/idaho/leesburg/ Rees, John E. Idaho: Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography. Chicago: W.B Conkey Co., 1918. https://archive.org/details/idahochronologyn00reesrich/page/94/mode/2up?q=Leesburg Gold Rush Idaho National Register of Historic Places Robert E. Lee https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/37544ef1f7c4eeb04add480a896160ab.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=f4cCC9XOqdC%7Ehss0p6iXhu%7EvQwfOgtIVUANP7qKjNBTY72kXN31a-9sFyC9cNZb1LrAE2IqiLkEnjT1vcDfj8MMrBQqesoMIAsU7071jPieNYHzp%7E2wjhAW3eFOlIMt6BNPHCvY%7En9JQ%7EDpuRqY2oOI16EZb76y%7Ewf2dLCwrs15HXF-zckRjMYyM8SzokMGpsaeye-ENSqX-WfClPKRWaqqkpUaWYWmsXLNiXiHXYcpwh1TCkKRUUw4H0osdH6wI8%7EuP3wM0XMQqwCYnBAF0PrHf49SgzGhD1XNVkkM0z7LDZ35aTJoiXOsgJ6ys9cv9b0A1n47zsF1zjg0Sg-UyVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4a82e36b89f8d164273452a75259008d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terry's Texas Ranger Monument Front Side Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wiki user Daderot Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 15, 2015 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Description An account of the resource Picture of the statue from the front side of the monument. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/0f6856929b37f6d93a73fde1982d13f3.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=eFoq8px648FD2FHN5UHoglTn8P449oAvwapdV6HLbYtdr0wLCtXZa8iWslM8ZMzJh2AT58vfzto5hHXVnous%7EFpDTBBnbwbjIXCnUHHUqysgpDJihrzJhSCOXYiRCEX89zTxhx7ESxD7-yFF%7EBYWa02hK1AwZi0BikFsVl31SH-Mjc1bQjWWRK1jsanDWpJXACAjZ5ieJmGC7SwZibkmx9TLC8hkM3aV9E5JtT9zUaFa-glwxaSyG6-v0aeT%7Ea6DnQz2m-sAq2EQ5-FqfgJOAXmxFlEQfL5RxjOnfhQbrf7Ogp8lcSKnCuiQU06e0qmV4oq-f1u82mqfbuucstCY3g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8a99e53846447b119a10cbf105ce76de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terry's Texas Rangers Inscription Description An account of the resource The Inscription on the Plaque at the base of the statue reads, “There is no danger of a surprise when the rangers are between us and the enemy”-Confederate General Braxton Bragg “The Terry Rangers have done all that could expected or required of soldiers.”-Confederate President Jefferson Davis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Mayer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 16, 2007 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Texas: The Stars and Bars in the Lone Star State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall, Angelica Smith, Janae Scott, Raylene Castellano, Michael Danciu Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Texas played a significant role in the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, seceding from the Union in 1861. The state contributed troops and resources to the Southern cause, and its involvement in the conflict left a lasting impact on its history. In Texas, Confederate memory is not shunned or permanently relegated to Civil War graveyards, but rather, it is openly celebrated as a rich part of Texan military history and Southern culture. After the Confederacy’s loss with the conclusion of the Civil War on April 9, 1865, groups of women under the United Daughters of the Confederacy (FDC) championed the erection of monuments honoring, preserving, and promoting the history of the Confederacy. Many of these monuments were erected during the post-Reconstruction era, particularly in the early to mid-20th century, as part of a broader effort to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative, which romanticizes the actions of the South, portraying Confederate leaders as honorable figures who fought bravely during the Civil War to secure Southern culture and independence from the North. The Confederacy’s desire to uphold this narrative of Southern culture led to the sanitization of its role in the enslavement of African Americans and its roots in white supremacy. Texas, like many other states, grappled with the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments following the 2015 Charlottesville Church shooting. However, more recently, in 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests created a second wave of discussions about representation, memory, and the complexities of a past and history that serves a nation that no longer exists. Sites like Galveston and Texarkana became the source of controversy as debate raged over the question of what to do with their Confederate monuments. The presence of these statues and memorials standing in the eyesight of the state capitol building, on college campuses, in public parks, and in front of courthouses call into question how Texas has adhered to promoting the Confederacy in places of power and prestige. These sites reflect the broader national conversation on how communities address and contextualize historical symbols tied to the Confederacy. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terry's Texas Rangers, State Capitol Building, Austin, TX Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Austin, TX Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Terry’s Texas Rangers Monument.” Texas State Preservation Board. Accessed November 28, 2023. https://tspb.texas.gov/prop/tcg/tcg-monuments/04-terrys-texas-rangers/index.html “Capitol Grounds Monuments.” Texas State Preservation Board. Accessed November 28, 2023. https://tspb.texas.gov/prop/tcg/tcg-monuments/index.html Description An account of the resource Terry’s Texas Rangers otherwise known as the 8th Texas Cavalry were a group of cavalrymen that fought on behalf of the Confederacy during the American Civil War. The monument is erected just outside the Austin state capitol building amidst a host of other war memorials ranging from the Alamo to the Korean War. It is comprised of a large bronze statue depicting a ranger armed with a rifle riding a horse. On it are two quotes praising the work of Terry’s Texas Rangers in fighting for the Confederacy. <br /><br />“There is no danger of a surprise when the rangers are between us and the enemy”-Confederate General Braxton Bragg <br /><br />“The Terry Rangers have done all that could expected or required of soldiers.”-Confederate President Jefferson Davis <br /><br />Sculpted by Italian artist Pompeo Coppini, this monument was produced as a part of a wider period of monument building in Austin Texas from 1901 to the early 1930s. During this period artists, primarily Coppini, were commissioned to build numerous busts, statues, and monuments dedicated to Texan and American military history, with the bulk being comprised of Confederate memorials.<br /><br />This monument stands as one among many other Confederate memorials that lionize and honor Texas’s participation in the Civil War on behalf of the Confederacy. It places Texas’s famous rangers as heroes of the Confederacy next to memorials of those who fought in World War II and the Korean War. If one were not reading its dedication, a passerby would likely think it was a monument to just the Texas Rangers and not the Confederacy. Its existence and placement serve as a reminder of just how strong Confederate memory maintains a hold on the state of Texas. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pompeo Coppini Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1907 Subject The topic of the resource Texas, Post-Reconstruction 20th Century Civil War State Capitols Texas https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c388bb094fe6a4df61be16d5829b52f3.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=E3n0DSmL7vRD62BqZV9VV2XHvP6OzAK5EJFVTkRsGXI-nw7LaWRyTkgLYYC%7EdnjcSV1MqJQARxI6YnLU7OjRuPZq3Z4Ub8rRUv06jgMQPJnHvHui0tuaf59UeZnFIz10%7ECfeTynW30bGNMU6o1BeYFwSlPDdvN1cLEWB1wNv-vo3LLWaDPcaYjespAdpXTanZICwphr53GHsKWF52ECdE-ly0QiiYZSfHygKW2mgYdE1FQr7EzmzVRov%7Ei6x9jNuf5-EVVRvE5CLzVr-KbMyLVSu2zHWqz9ORVBR5iNIxoeprXdeyGKGt-k72IAvgp9x6GpoJ2eP1a2BfkCx71WwJw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 08589324dd0de168c6557e2253430cd7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/fdba607960710d49f683c2f89bbaef14.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=LN75FGMRiZiUHgebN-UiyhoLCwhIn5Tt0Nv93jQgFPAYLMh3CERG3tBdJwjscIi0SAHkrwoXUz7NwSSxuODR5FzkmuEqExEVuNtyT%7El5dn4BWk-yG7fFqHbDCQAAccTg6Bmlie7fwYXFayjYfWk7OJrJebribfkXwKfMy6ABcMoYOLnRJ9asEWKCO0DcsYJpinH%7E6iHJQXbIbDQ5jzCFwhesYY6xAnpCH4zePK23hIhjUbk-N8JFpl3MpO-PFjNMKITAa148vwVupp2S728DM64fXZqKXX0Ko73jg1dhIypoytQvDl2fl4bSbqO-19prJBSYYo2WEzYELeumUdoyKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5bbab3b7acf0778a2c7fd1fedc140cbd https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/4fdf139be55194fc6beedfd02e6d35c9.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=UxXlaeGB8KS7GcrPrv7cLUeLTgHX%7Em-02cyMMQSkQCz5sZmEf6YTe%7ELzugjgm5j9ZR05H-vYeVPcenM4aq4x0mgC9tb3NuvsioZmJ-mOGsRStFejtr7hgKCd6L3jBtb-590%7EMiVxE%7EO%7E-eT5W3ZLWylJvRWkJyMlUELjUQ5GzqntjO857akUE6EfBAtJtDqax6%7ERKsHQLN%7EL51lVd5x1KdyvpBYJDYwppbYosoODkI9Y9akShjZiMDhAdOn4aULSbxDNfpmcpYwlXof6D1p157UMncuEoWB5yBkM-lcgj2kuyTHNUcBi4meSAEX48wQL3lgSrPlNPFRNy%7EZF3nIadQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b7c48708223471b8ca45eb95b40207e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Allendale Veterans Garden of Honor Subject The topic of the resource Allendale Veterans Garden of Honor, Confederate Monuments, Emancipation, Veterans Description An account of the resource The Allendale Veterans Garden of Honor consists of 9 statues of veterans who served from Allendale who had served in seven conflicts from the Civil War to the Gulf War and a statue to women's veterans.[1] Along with the statues of veterans at the center of a circle formed by the statues sits an obelisk topped with an American eagle. The focus of this entry in the archive is a sculpture including a Union soldier and Confederate soldier standing back to back with an enslaved African American child reaching for a plaque with the words "Freedom for Slaves" written on it and the date Jan 5, 1863, Allendale as pictured in the first image.[2] In 2020 with the rise of the black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in response to the deaths of George Floyd and their African Americans at the hands of police controversy grew around these statues in particular. The Michigan Association of Civil Rights Activists (MACRA) and members of BLM sought to have the statue removed due to the racist positioning of the child and the conflation of Confederate soldiers with other American veterans.[3] The Confederate soldier would be tarred and feathered by activists with a cardboard sign with “TRAITOR” written on it hanging from its neck as seen in the third image. However, in June 2021 the townships board voted to keep the statues but have a committee made to consider possible changes to the statue. For this archive, this entry shows how Confederate monuments are not purely a phenomenon of the South. Of particular interest is how the Confederate soldier is placed in the larger context of a general memorial to veterans placing Confederate soldiers who fought in rebellion against the United States alongside those who fought for the same nation. Underlying this placement is the assumption that Confederate soldiers were equally honorable as these other soldiers even as they fought not only in a rebellion but for the continuation of the institution of slavery. Such ideas being represented in a town in Michigan illustrates how the presentation of the South's role in the Civil War being commendable and worthy of memorials silences the goal of the preservation of slavery ignoring the experiences of enslaved people and the continuing obstacle of institutional racism that their descendants face. This entry is one of many that expands this archive outside the geographical confines of the South and considers the racial angle these monuments have. As can be seen by examining the archive, monuments to the Confederacy are found throughout the United States and the problem of how the Confederacy is represented and remembered is not purely a Southern issue. Implicit in these monuments is an assumption that the Confederacy fought not for slavery but for states' rights and followed in the footsteps of the Founding Fathers. This monument is obvious in its racial overtones with its placement of an enslaved child. As Kirk Savage has noted, such inclusions of African Americans at the feet of white figures removed the agency of the enslaved and represented them as in need of saving rather than recognizing their autonomy and humanity. As can be seen in this monument inherent in Confederate monuments are ahistorical claims about why secession occurred and the motivations of those who prosecuted it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joyce Sweers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AAA. https://www.aaa.com/travelinfo/michigan/allendale/attractions/veterans-garden-of-honor-511608.html. Fisher, Jada. “How this Confederate soldier statue became part of a veterans memorial in Michigan.” Mlive (Michigan), July 14, 2020. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2020/07/how-this-confederate-soldier-statue-became-part-of-a-veterans-memorial-in-michigan.html. Ambu, Kylie. “Group wants changes made to Allendale Civil War statue.” 13 On Your Side (West Michigan), June 16, 2020. https://www.wzzm13.com/article/news/local/civil-war-statue-in-allendale-park-sparks-debate/69-66352a63-d5c5-4476-bad0-40db64b4f1e2. Allendale For Equality. https://allendaleforequality.org/. Tunison, John. “Confederate statue in Allendale ‘tarred and feathered’ by groups seeking removal.” Mlive (Michigan), January 8, 2021. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2021/01/confederate-statue-in-allendale-tarred-and-feathered-by-groups-seeking-removal.html?outputType=amp&__twitter_impression=true. Savage, Kirk. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth Century America. New edition. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2018. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-1998 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Samuel McMillan Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Allendale, MI BLM Civil War Lost Cause Michigan Veterans https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1fc96a73f50ebdc71402dc2a6ab6531d.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=PXlYnoG3BAbhhO6P3eke9Ro-doLkzWQnYG0Yi8OAszLDwGTucmz8gQHGuXVLkl0zO87hL4ah27x7QwJPfZeoZoHbHt8z3yiwuzdfOmeCUYV7BogPg9Xql%7EoTcUs0j45kSyFzMiL9k3zAHOz5g4S2qOwZoasv%7Eo59ltAiYhK6lJ1DjGK5Kxegf6MRYq3nRj59sf2DOtmOXdadu5KPLigzwW5nHEAL0kSLMTpNF7QggE56B-WYYj2sO43%7E4JE9mcVem0EYB6FLZ%7ENSEBBHQqODP-M27Vebh6BHqFbPMztN%7E6i1h880xdBGu7X4QcGLoNbwSp-Ny0QBTbgeBxW%7EvAKUlg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e1dc43622a36f48f9adece100196a298 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton Headstone Front Description An account of the resource New headstone for John C. Hunton, dedicated in September 2010, towering over the original headstone. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dawnleelynn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 August 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f4d5afd3fe9338f45dc53d7e97b256ad.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=bM8Mxa4YoYtCvIT%7EOQ4QSnoiDN2QCY-vQqbq19-JJ-klcWvMO5H2N2CUlE7Hg8T25cW7X0wuypL1mQgbEJ70Ujrm1RmALBPOfv%7E44MsbKfi7PQ0Zb31ba8VPAEQl1RU34SiWF2vGmn9lFqvkTRmfY3VnhJ1P%7ErCca1DjuykAe9z0pQ7WOj-ExcIy7nPHK6lo93kdUMb0Py6Gcii4EqeO8%7EH111b27JWAyjEm3cmRZYA2PIJ2u8DWHoDuuCumvcOq2JvV1Hn57eO0VCyZ%7ESmlzmGAKx-WCZdP6eP0vRxcqQ9-ZTxZVfrNnM%7Ex4TMmBtYu%7EwwEtySnPKrjIy10fYQc8w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 620187a9ca366a460d047837dacc7692 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton Headstone Back Description An account of the resource The back of John C. Hunton’s new headstone dedicated in September 2010. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dawnleelynn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 August 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/42c2f8eec7b73705a080316c0c271aa1.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=PSJngJOFoyeTN86FQcJHLSeMkos1wSeM-2I96468VsrucQNCCmMaOEL8vmNHpDVyVBdHwfKyMS0e1jtPDc0%7EEArjc3a9egNQiJO5b7yWHlcYbC0bSPsfMKdBtVYhDZykpoB6pU9zNe5xiukyVyCmPVUf4x0ZqtLPJuvLi4N1PbzHW0833aLq9iQj7IyxS-kCuitze2nq4kk6%7EYE4c2PCNhIIT2Pc1hAVszyXRJroUq1w8uoFYBtwrp0f7AGK7b0WTLK5Zh3tUiufTfa3b4KM0Gwi91XUUXfep-Uq0ThWImHHk1lCBAoK%7EPsLySSTYC7u-ay5vnFyDUbo68EbhxxfCg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4cb38f997f8d775ffab3dccda54b506d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1870s Image of John C. Hunton Description An account of the resource Black and white photo of John C. Hunton Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource L.G. “Pat” Flannery and Michael Griske Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WYOHISTORY.ORG Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870-1880 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The photos of John Hunton and Pat Flannery are from the author’s collections. Used with permission and thanks. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton’s Gravestone, Cheyenne, Wyoming Subject The topic of the resource John C. Hunton’s Gravestone Description An account of the resource This Gravestone was unveiled in 2010 by the Daughters of the Confederacy and the Wyoming Pioneers Association to commemorate the Confederate soldier, John C Hunton. The original grave was a smaller headstone with the letters J. H. on it. The new grave has his date of birth and death, as well as his rank and regiment in the confederate army. John C. Hunton was born January 18, 1839 at Madison Courthouse in Virginia. He would join the United States military at the age of 18, and would see his first military service at Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Hunton’s home in Madison Virginia was in the borderland between the North and the South, the area where families split due to the differences to their loyalties at the start of the secession; John C Hunton would choose the South. John C Hunton would serve with the Confederate army of Northern Virginia in Virginia's Seventh Infantry, and would help lead Pickett's Charge in the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, in 1867, like many disillusioned Southerners, he would move westward, and Hunton’s destination was Wyoming’s Fort Laramie. From there, he worked as a clerk and general aid in the store, and during the winter of 1867, he even shared a room with the famous government scout Jim Bridger. In 1870, John Hunton received a contract to supply Fort Laramie with wood, and during the next ten years, his government contracts would expand into a large business. He would go on to supply hay, beef, charcoal, lime and other commodities to Camp McKinney as well as to Fort Laramie, also hauling freight for the military to Fort Fetterman, Fort Steele, Fort Phil Kearny, Fort Reno, and Fort C.F. Smith. In 1871, he became half owner of the SO cattle with W. G. Bullock, this herd being the first in the Wyoming area, aside from some work oxen. In the same year, Hunton would open a road ranch at Bordeaux, south of Wheatland. By the 1880s, Hunton would become one of the territory’s most prominent citizens, opening a hotel in Bordeaux and was elected Laramie County commissioner. The era of great cattle barons would end in a disastrous winter in 1886-87, leading to Hunton returning to Fort Laramie in 1889, this time as a post trader. This position would end in 1890, when the fort was abandoned, but would stay in the fort for many years. He became a United States Commissioner from 1892 to 1907, a volunteer weather observer for the weather department, and a civil engineer, surveying uncharted wilderness areas in north central and western Wyoming. Later in Hunton’s life, Hunton and his wife would move to Torrington, and on September 15th, 1926, John C Hunton would call the first meeting of the Wyoming Pioneer Association, an organization that aims to preserve Wyoming’s pioneer history. On September 4th, 1928, at the age of 89, John C Hunton would die, and would be buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Cheyenne. Due to the obscure location of the gravestone away from the everyday public eye, this monument has not received any controversy from any outside group. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United Daughters of the Confederacy Wyoming Pioneer Association The Veterans Administration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Shaw, Jerry. “Where You Can Find Confederate Flag Flying in Wyoming.” Newsmax, Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax Media, Inc., 2 Sept. 2015, www.newsmax.com/fastfeatures/confederate-flag-wyoming/2015/09/01/id/673106/. 2. Orr, Becky. “Overdue Recognition.” Wyoming Tribune Eagle, 11 Sept. 2010, www.wyomingnews.com/news/overdue-recognition/article_03605743-b7e5-5d4f-94ca-3b4189cc8b33.html. 3. Horan, Susan. “Archives West Finding Aid.” John Hunton Papers - Archives West, archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv174106. Accessed 15 Nov. 2023. 4. Roddam, Rick. “Wyoming’s Only Monument to a Confederate Soldier.” My Country 95.5, 24 Aug. 2017, mycountry955.com/wyomings-only-monument-to-a-confederate-soldier/. 5. Griske, Michael. “John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier.” John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier | WyoHistory.Org, 31 Dec. 2021, www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/john-hunton-and-his-diaries-wyoming-frontier. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 September 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Gravestone Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Cheyenne, Wyoming 21st Century Cemetery Daughters of the Confederacy Gravestone John C. Hunton Veterans Wyoming Wyoming Pioneer Association https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/33f8bd6007af4a7a68ef00c84f6047b6.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=fM88E83FbGx7d-T7aZDatDpEyyjultStjbs369zQUSPRdLA%7Ege%7Ew1Sz68flEYrgbn3lk0-OiR6Nqn%7E0MKJxGnOX-3pFd8IqF1f3Nhi0OkyYkv6xSQfHWQbsJ3WIBSONSiuI920CLimXBxRR2MPewPZrJOmjHsUfBrtP1cR8BGYNsBPXngOfV4V6bsGSd%7EmPqaVYLWo-QpQErfB2gM-RDUfDf6GdHWf2PIXz6hve1XUqa2gP%7EjKYR-TYTVqCRs%7EECzgXXOyPs06Lp9YdpQS0sMZjpqCMyPQO-NCt2FXSSK3PtiRAPBYi54trUSuEivcONCENSbLy%7EyRntUTlbsWZVVg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9ed0be025b02ac7f538d706e08082827 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/71748adf79dab7f0aa4a652927fa3b44.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=XL2eTgHj81vtQGdpEkI1t%7ER-IbW4Oit5nearfmMUdyt5KHSvVVML17jXmzItDd4PJMP2nrZtn1oG9Ehf5SuCJNwPA6%7E2CH2g5WenUZKbWP5JOPOziiSHGjUa%7E8r2hiI2oOBS%7E2qGm4GPN81ai7ARGCdoY9o-1owXpkX3q4yrhX4SLewz0EVz2KTG0kVUNs5PVnRofLlFuapn-9VWkc0PAirFgIE1QaTBPAiBJNvo9ycPREWS0wF02HLvlYIMqdYNz0V4gJsOyP%7E8FTqznIHLSDsYnys8bm1GNP4UaLqQHqaO--szR6fINritSh7KxnnZXMo%7EGB3HCGnGZfdS5x1xtA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 63fce65f1609ba476636e18e0f607eb7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/af39b8fb8f3283428b615b6590f44ff2.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=thAVtkniSHbtAkxA9PYqcb4BCpAp5BPd-ukCnxebFUrnM6SHqFYluV3KS0wGruB2imO4fuxrAdRKjduhoejHLSsKSf8bEThUQqgKwdDcpY8RiupD6IBz0nfZ3V-R-nQiu9wcwyMqI1PO8BYPkyF0yNp2XUd9OZyQDsjcKTurPDOLSUxmtWQg-XT81rKwm39Z7AVx96vLU8MD9EiwgFEchRknBm-SmvjLzIvMVO-ugDRI-LN2tZDlCxGFSv0RidRIJ4Iwju4ucxHr2cVmifIdVeQAQxmVvNi8GwGE4oWOIVb3ntnUqFtG0vJlw-Nl5fbmXkC5x1NGtWvTFDzoV922zg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1cb49c70d5f407b2eb508d63d57b4766 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Norfolk Confederate Monument, Norfolk, VA Description An account of the resource Norfolk, Virginia, emerged as a crucial port city with strategic significance during the American Civil War, providing substantial support to the Confederate cause. Situated at the confluence of the Chesapeake Bay and the Elizabeth River, Norfolk's geographic location made it a key maritime gateway for the transportation of men, supplies, and armaments. The city housed a formidable naval yard, including the Gosport Navy Yard, which played a pivotal role in the Confederate war effort. The shipbuilding and repair capabilities of Norfolk allowed the Confederacy to maintain and construct a fleet, contributing significantly to its naval strength and recognition as a political and cultural force. The strategic importance of Norfolk as a Confederate port city underscored the city's resilience and its substantial contribution to the Confederate war effort during this tumultuous period in American history. Erected in 1907 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Confederate monument in Norfolk, Virginia, became a focal point of controversy in the 21st century. Boasting the inscription "Our Confederate Dead, 1861–1865," the letters "CSA," and a Confederate battle flag, the monument featured a statue known as "Johnny Reb." The confederate monument was removed once before in 1965 amid the Civil Rights Movement and was subsequently reinstalled in 1971, displaying another time of evolving societal perspectives prompting increased calls for the removal of confederate monuments. However, the process faced legal constraints. A law dating back to 1904 prohibited counties from relocating war memorials, and a 1997 update expanded this restriction to include cities. On June 11, 2020, despite legislative changes permitting cities and counties in Virginia to remove such memorials without state permission, Norfolk Mayor Kenny Alexander expedited the removal of the "Johnny Reb" statue, citing public interest. Although the law wouldn't take effect until July 1, 2020, the mayor prioritized community sentiments. The fate of the monument now rested with Elmwood Cemetery, specifically at the grave site of Walter Taylor, an aide to General Robert E. Lee who chaired the effort to erect the monument for the Lost Cause. The Virginia Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans expressed openness to relocating the statue to Elmwood Cemetery, among the graves of Confederate soldiers, while emphasizing its commemorative intent. This stance contrasted with the view of the SCV, which asserted the monument's purpose was to honor fallen soldiers rather than to endorse racism. The removal of the Confederate statue marked a significant chapter in Norfolk's ongoing reevaluation of historical symbols. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Couper Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived [1] https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/local/mycity/norfolk/mayor-norfolk-confederate-monument-to-come-down/291-d3fde5e3-bdf5-46c5-9b3c-68327f5a2e71 [2] https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolk/sons-of-confederate-veterans-praises-norfolks-handling-of-monument-relocation/ [3] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/23/norfolk-virginia-ok-move-confederate-monument-cemetery/2452814001/ [4] https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!27528~!0#focus [5] https://www.wtkr.com/news/city-to-remove-time-capsule-from-downtown-norfolk-confederate-monument-site Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 16, 1907 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angelica Smith Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Norfolk, Virginia Johnny Reb Statue Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1d93aafb6c91155acd7993c8d3f508f8.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=bC4o2GDJEX3sUABmiV%7ENtpmwe6jT3UBGQqZ5nfPigS2uGjF9mM1SPs8tJZR1jZo%7Euv3q9ba0pAbD-qHJ1QyBHyKEp66h774rvc6Yxf4kc3tJQUrWfqhruIc41Q8EaYaL8Cy38Sh1Pg4-6snx5RNYQMapD84lLN6%7ETaIMG1r-yYSWTfWJshb%7EaZUZ1RhEgrO9-TK%7ES5u6mC74eqOuodxKQ5AiDl43RqAnGFruCrVoYSr3xV25Xo7BzMj-vu8zH2TBTZ5uIYP2c9QR-nZelSg4x%7EHy5b9paPhW6gBgoBzI%7EJyyscGJCf0nDc3QYKaCqIW142zoGXMaGaS4yKtReE67Hw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f31414025c3106c9d23217e357cce064 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5c1fc68dd72dac063859759ab11233f0.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Y2sc3ATiB7G-bTG14TPwVuNxhw%7ENqCNuxre1HFiA-szy-A1J0LcPJmiZsSS85hYFcXs9ChCojPV3DAvZMXzBNLHg6ButRNw407256rcwnvnk1hMLYH1N0q9o2qmJdG-6tS%7EZXlH%7EBiDGz4T79-uLOAgRQebS91QaDEuw4RCWYVc-Wg5VVFMRiJU2GkKubdOVe8GdvNPfFpkGMwWPln39dbHlA6SO9b9wh5oBQi2iHIZ4CdrNVWphzYJa4KhhAZFjq5CsX1baKMfKg2auTjDxtsi1ayxJUp%7EvB1Nz4BB4bDpSxwEWB9PP4YpOkQY1lL1hvXpY5g62dP-i%7E1wA1uMtnA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 58d58c63843bcca3dc6cb75b8a6ed478 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1e4a01c37467ba328c4e77422d35a3b1.jpg?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Hn7S2IkqE7F9OYBp-d1yGMVcKhbU-rJtg3Yp-kluVot4F9wz9zggOMDGobheGOJLKVF18y6S5i-2AC6z6YIMysXHIokuo0h6SO4Ncqvvf45sllLcaZcKaH4BYYE92AEeMX5lpwLu5HfRp1Lvp1T1Hh0oq1aIK60cKHbM2AniZota4l6XpSNl96Idimth11z7SFFHapV9XQUQgxdmZkqacdpkvVQlh1GckcsFtpd8y80o5zafNeRHOSc55kM24iJJAISGqeI%7Ef%7E0UR4%7E21tyjnCZEZQbFE6fywwxmqrx9VT-669Uq8%7EW92cS-RL9cWdzI2t15pH0k6GvPO0L0olMqOw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 90a4c356e55b455819825c6bc0e16b5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Texas: The Stars and Bars in the Lone Star State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall, Angelica Smith, Janae Scott, Raylene Castellano, Michael Danciu Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Texas played a significant role in the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, seceding from the Union in 1861. The state contributed troops and resources to the Southern cause, and its involvement in the conflict left a lasting impact on its history. In Texas, Confederate memory is not shunned or permanently relegated to Civil War graveyards, but rather, it is openly celebrated as a rich part of Texan military history and Southern culture. After the Confederacy’s loss with the conclusion of the Civil War on April 9, 1865, groups of women under the United Daughters of the Confederacy (FDC) championed the erection of monuments honoring, preserving, and promoting the history of the Confederacy. Many of these monuments were erected during the post-Reconstruction era, particularly in the early to mid-20th century, as part of a broader effort to promote the "Lost Cause" narrative, which romanticizes the actions of the South, portraying Confederate leaders as honorable figures who fought bravely during the Civil War to secure Southern culture and independence from the North. The Confederacy’s desire to uphold this narrative of Southern culture led to the sanitization of its role in the enslavement of African Americans and its roots in white supremacy. Texas, like many other states, grappled with the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments following the 2015 Charlottesville Church shooting. However, more recently, in 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests created a second wave of discussions about representation, memory, and the complexities of a past and history that serves a nation that no longer exists. Sites like Galveston and Texarkana became the source of controversy as debate raged over the question of what to do with their Confederate monuments. The presence of these statues and memorials standing in the eyesight of the state capitol building, on college campuses, in public parks, and in front of courthouses call into question how Texas has adhered to promoting the Confederacy in places of power and prestige. These sites reflect the broader national conversation on how communities address and contextualize historical symbols tied to the Confederacy. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence Sullivan “Sully” Ross Statue, Texas A&M, College Station, TX Description An account of the resource Lawrence Sullivan Ross, born on September 27, 1838, in Bentonsport, Iowa, played a crucial role in Texas history as a military officer, politician, and academic. Raised in Texas, he served as a Confederate officer during the Civil War, earning the rank of brigadier general. Ross also served as the 19th governor of Texas from 1887 to 1891, he focused on education, prison reform, and financial stability. His political focuses fueled his aspiration to enter education management, eventually leading him to the role of a university president. Ross became the president of Texas A&M University in 1891, leaving a lasting impact on the institution. Texas A&M University finds itself embroiled in a persistent debate surrounding the Lawrence Sullivan "Sully" Ross statue. Positioned on the Texas A&M University campus, at the Academic Plaza, the statue pays tribute to Ross, a pivotal figure in the university's history, and simultaneously symbolizes a contentious past. Ross, with roles as a former Texas A&M President, Confederate Soldier, and an accused Native American killer, adds complexity to the discussion. What used to be a beacon of hope as students placed pennies for good luck at the feet of the former university president, the statue now amplifies a historical past that students are eager to move away from. The statue's strategic placement amplifies the debate, with the university steadfast in its decision to retain the monument, even as similar statues across the nation face removal. In 2017, amidst a nationwide reckoning with Confederate symbols, Texas A&M resisted the trend, affirming that the Sully Ross statue would remain untouched. This decision deepened the divide between students and the institution, sparking heated arguments on both sides. In 2020, former Texas A&M quarterback Kellon Mond publicly criticized the statue, aligning it with values conflicting with those of the student body. Chancellor John Sharp and then-President Michel K. Young defended Ross's legacy, emphasizing his support for black student educational and mental health initiatives. In 2021, an "Action-Focused" Committee was established under interim president John Junkins, introducing a new layer of complexity. The committee's ambiguous stance, opting for contextual reference rather than removal, left students advocating for the statue's removal disheartened. This move prompted questions about the sincerity of the university's commitment to meaningful dialogue and action regarding the contentious statue. In the same breath, Sharp and Young pledged $100,000 towards honoring Matthew Gaines, a former slave who became the first Black state senator of Texas. The unveiling of Gaines's statue in November 2021 marked a symbolic shift in the university's approach, acknowledging diverse voices and histories beyond the shadow of the Sully Ross controversy. The Lawrence Sullivan “Sully” Ross Statues still stands in 2023. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pompeo Coppini Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived [1] Source: https://www.dallasnews.com/news/education/2017/08/21/amid-debate-over-confederate-monuments-texas-am-will-not-remove-sul-ross-statue/ [2] Source: https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/29321542/texas-kellen-mond-removing-controversial-statue-need-see-action [3] Source: https://www.texastribune.org/2021/01/27/texas-am-sul-ross-statue/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angelica Smith Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant College Station, Texas Statue Sully Texas Texas A&M University https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/a0b5bf6912bc945ce4f92dcb3154210d.png?Expires=1781740800&Signature=InX7OVneVJ4vbct8%7E711PQQgqdn9nCAgY4twFiOFzC761Lh6QRLwNiVPSN-N7oDH19xERsKDtqJhjkWnZtxh5PxL171c0enNHRFB1Ua-ZNErOeH2JAraGBmmc%7ECAzlT53eNwDwaAgt01IS3j20xet1PL5xhHCHIKakbJ4xf7UGOSbyXlilI-BajXmdPO7lgLr4chZ1tf35y91aoTtRJkXfCjf8UEU7wEf9TTzjqTu4OKnXc7h7tY0eBSQhe6FY4r1v1yB1q374EZLXeFr1bJV-Kp1eyUMoLYmH-WiAbdDqKpyUDLyTA76hfwpNIf8A3V3g5KPoFbtov%7E6wtI3u-2NA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5b92e763ce54283fc23109badac71731 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charge of the Texas Lancers, Valverde Ford, 1862 Description An account of the resource Artwork of Confederate lancers during the Battle of Valverde. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Britain Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.wbritain.com/new-releases/charge-of-the-texas-lancers-valverde-ford-1862. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available wbritain.com Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Gomez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All Rights Reserved Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/9ecfd200ab006d1e2b12ef6151583445.png?Expires=1781740800&Signature=UDzGTx3uJtDqDk5Y-3vfRlg6YgkX7v2WrJMPU7zpPqn588-y6eQObmXIkSm1iB%7E2I2H-yzLWW1cDYllfne1kCKwifbjMi2rzQqJvEiAbHEH%7EBxYIceP-CjjhZTjUewoAI6smNeh5e63NvjbDAzEljBl26x-2c62xA4Q7F4eur1jlKcdxbotoxKl-0PfpjqJvaKHPFOYQ9g35OA9PD4MUCr7-MWN5BCm%7Ex0VBty4itqn5Rd3sozJQGzvTXwM-vq0QTWdB8OoR3wIM-xStcAa9ep2CXSMD4WP40dr%7EKw0RtZiXY04TXNgdiPp%7EdrVPeMEMttYtCe7PjupQyIUVxuzMbA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ac37d6dd89dbe57d1a426a53c0c75f1e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley, Officer of the Confederate Army Description An account of the resource Portrait of General Henry H. Sibley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress. Portrait of Brig. Gen. Henry H. Sibley, Officer of the Confederate Army. https://www.loc.gov/item/2018666548/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860-1865 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Gomez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Known Restrictions Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b56276f5c66648294730c3c9425aa855.png?Expires=1781740800&Signature=mkLsFIrYQdf4%7EvbSxrc%7ENd11C7c81b%7EPqEhAFxlDd5GtdD9AGhfKU0n0-7KDpQhmXUkGpqlbOmSZeOzGGEQEuRJ0faGQiSZ2J16ZVcORHjPI%7EoNHS2VgwXKXczAFwfVtiSXPiUKOrh1QnCdbGAs%7EqzcMeUK2B%7E9tPlkhI1OAY5N%7EtRMebFlMnPnhlZRk6onNfCmeiIdjqRtSOnyse7nXVm8Nt9vg6mxTnht7P9zFB5lvEAD94C9WJ9f3rznzgs5s8YctBIoyny9sOrKWMWUPk4uVqGnaog%7ELyvYkK634auQBFM9L9bqfzevadzGHnPCt-BK6HmCVFmzCOOu-6-i2kg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 671f33bd03f8d1d4ce1648aae1319354 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Socorro Visitor Center. 2014. “Battle of Valverde.” https://www.socorronm.org/notable-local/ battle-valverde/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Gomez Description An account of the resource The Monument Reads: 1861 -1865 IN MEMORY OF TEXAS MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS SIBLEYS BRIGADE C.S.A. J.S. SUTTON LIEUT. Col. 7th REGT. S.A. LOCKRIDGE. MAJOR 5th REGT, M. HEUVEL CAPT 4th REGT. AND ALL UNKNOWN SOLDIERS KILLED IN THE BATTLE OF VAL VERDE Feb 21, 1862. ERECTED BY TEXAS DIVISION UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY June 1, 1936 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG Title A name given to the resource Battle of Valverde Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource socorronm.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available socorronm.org Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All Rights Reserved Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Battle of Valverde Confederate Monument, Fort Craig, New Mexico Description An account of the resource The Western United States during the Civil War offered the Confederacy hope. With not many resources in the South, "In 1862, flush with a grandiose plan to conquer the New Mexico Territory and perhaps to secure for the Confederacy the vast mineral resources of the Rocky Mountains and California, Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley crossed the border from El Paso with an army of nearly 2,600 Texans." On their journey westward, on February 21, 1862, “Fort Craig was host to the largest U.S. Civil War battle in the Southwest. It was the epicenter of a battle that involved thousands of Union and Confederate troops, many of them New Mexico volunteers under the command of Kit Carson.” The Battle of Valverde was the major reason the Confederates were not able to capture the Southwest. The Battle of Valverde was costly for the Confederates. Many accounts reported different numbers of men lost, but the Texan Confederates lost “... 200 men, with approximately 70 of these being killed or dying of their wounds. Approximately 50 percent of the Texas cavalry mounts were killed, necessitating one cavalry regiment being converted to an infantry regiment. Many leaders were listed among the casualties….” The Confederates did not expect to lose this many men, and what made matters worse was that many high ranking soldiers were lost. There was one major problem that arose for the Confederates after the victory at Valverde. Needing time to recover, “The Texans spent several days at Valverde recuperating from the battle. Still believing his forces incapable of a successful assault on Fort Craig, Sibley directed his command northward towards Albuquerque and much needed supplies of rations and ammunition.” Using much of their resources during the Battle of Valverde, the Confederates did not have enough supplies to capture Fort Craig, so the Confederates decided to push northward instead to try and obtain supplies from somewhere else. As the Confederates pushed north “... the Federals abandoned Albuquerque and Santa Fe, burning their own supplies…After the destruction of their wagons in Glorieta, the Texans were in dire straits. Within the week Sibley chose to abandon Santa Fe– so long the centerpiece of the dream of southern empire.” The Battle of Valverde, albeit of it being a Confederate victory, changed the history of the Southwest United States. Losing more men than anticipated and using up most of their resources during the Battle of Valverde, the Confederates had to change their plans. Those changes of plans ended up getting the last of the Confederate supplies destroyed during the Battle of Glorieta. After the Battle of Glorieta, the Confederates abandoned New Mexico. The Confederates claimed that their losses were not because they were defeated out on the battlefield, but rather, the Union had more supplies and men and that is why the Confederates gave up on New Mexico and lost the Civil War. The excuses given by the Confederates is known as the Lost Cause narrative. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The United Daughters of the Confederacy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived [1] Taylor, John McLellan. Bloody Valverde: A Civil War Battle on the Rio Grande, February 21, 1862. 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. [2] U.S Department of The Interior Bureau of Land Management. “Fort Craig Historic Site.” https://www.blm.gov/visit/fort-craig-historic-site#:~:text=Fort%20Craig%20was%20host%20to,the%20command%20of%20Kit%20Carson. [3] Perrine, David D. “Battle of Valverde, New Mexico Territory, February 21, 1862.” Journal of the West 19, no. 4 (1980): 26-38. [4] Perrine, “Battle of Valverde, New Mexico Territory, February 21, 1862.” [5] Nelson, Megan Kate. “Death in the Distance: CONFEDERATE MANIFEST DESTINY AND THE CAMPAIGN FOR NEW MEXICO, 1861–1862.” In Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States, edited by Adam Arenson and Andrew R. Graybill, 1st ed., 33–52. University of California Press, 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt13x1gqn.6. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1 June 1936 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist. 402 A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Fort Craig, New Mexico Battle of Valverde Fort Craig General Sibley New Mexico