2 10 79 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5dd915e4a8c571c41770a16c90dedba5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=BMkKtebLO8DDOgvRN45g3p2h-RKfOX%7EQ3WEmcT2XvRqjsm5r6DD5HnfEyuCqDRbw2Vki17BicGdpcy29sHH5Zgz%7ErGBbd8xkAQvKlvDtiNbnMYmdIfrARPaU8AknTRqOGBA5mZ0wFArJHUz-7O1TTTH5RmSGPBLGVRlaWrgdfbA%7EcNPnhlJEtp28YuoVa3EeeB4zuT3txP5WIWeq4oCHmIxBnnQ0TJ0V1rLfiWbrr2qXgfiDlzWq9YvbwJr5gaYVDCh3xswUlbAPQU78u8VAt2z10zIZYNh6W4PrIIJVEXmYWbhZgZkDX7ECVGG7KkgTvqj1b1XC4pJO1IbCiRyT1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7a0c58379fbff51d7299a023ad15e020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Johnny Reb" statue relocated to Greenwood Lakes Cemetery Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Steven Cody Straley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Steven Cody Straley Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1911 Moved: 1917 & 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Orlando, FL. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/ef58c165f9a74b96a1cbe7c7b633286d.JPG?Expires=1782345600&Signature=gk9vdD%7EkVOfIUjqkfylD-1dhMrr%7EekkuiYOJinDnTk1SQUWr1Gl1iStQm%7EgfOgQWYzB2ZEV5KLK%7E9X4kwwsv1KtazkBD20jhIww797ktCyjfy9lSEb0CsU0PslTgezxFV7Mj3sz587TsOXdpHkg7sqOmRPa4zHh9qggiIvm%7EWOiM8DZjrCm5FtYE0lsJaPCSqaVD4N3DZb1r8lZJwALgwvFxU1y7F5p1HwOM-ZDphxhwP1qiNanj0k7n8vz890KlIJLbmSJEdjLw1sIcZ55EEHX%7Eb-mUiKBs-uIzYxru-02I4EO7nxAl8a3QLs6ffPIZARV9IKb2KQpG%7Eq8yDsvypA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3a0e2c0606df9501a5856ba2d66f9da9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard of the Orange County Courthouse, Soliders' Monument, Elks Club, and San Juan Hotel, Orlando, FL. Description An account of the resource Inscription: Postcard of the Orange County Courthouse, Soliders' Monument, Elks Club, and San Juan Hotel, Orlando, FL. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Florida Public Archaeology Network Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Florida Public Archaeology Network Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1911 Moved: 1917 & 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Florida Public Archaeology Network Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Postcard, JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Postcard, Image/JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Orlando, FL https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/3ef804d4c98bab4a99005bcf11275156.JPG?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YH8HFzKFlqJDZRx7S1kp-yOOdXDOgb7tAIZtf9hcz63OCNdTdwwuv-9IzrlDCHPuzORyQBFoGxPGP6N3yp9WoEVoIdFuveLs8eyCjuJ9w1Mvz-OomE2kkyu--kybw6GZemh2hCIACW3CzvCXt54R-UrHbxdgN2wc6mQfoj86F76SW9nOYKaHoA5HhvjOLPiZtUNC8j0VV7IAR5F8ddkJ1c%7ER8SBZqWDpQEvl6suQIPD68vrRry8zLHAweIey9jR-WLrDO-gGYcUxzUCG%7Ea-yJBbYlpEkdeKpdVoRLU1f5TNWFMoWs883VAgwy7eXUdr8QiUn-JTpT5t%7EtQHaHW9Avg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f8532685878039bbe8d8e2dcca4f99d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orlando Reeves or "Johnny Reb" statue over Lake Eola in Orlando, FL Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Luis Perez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Flickr Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Luis Perez & Flickr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1911 Moved: 1917 & 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Luis Perez & Flickr Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image/JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Orlando, Florida https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/df4ae72fd76526807181a1d380abf20c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SJL7WGpDprXW%7EG6w1w9OuGdz8bweLhEqFWNMuYD3mHImGh3DrTDSb1t-9hK316F%7E%7EUeK6Q3JIaNrEx7RXkJ21vCAy36dMS0GY%7E-TVTcj06SEHZinW6IpcWj6VVVQ6oRTDivXTQ-wB0aQzY2J0-yw9pb1X8djb-CkwAqHgkd3TYvghFcS6G33C8V1B4H%7E2ctMzvwaCswsQIc-n77wcOJg42hoqOirrOIWyTgpbh9NZbmlY%7EpKaR0h9rVFxLArqnvOKnLdFbke4zWrTL64%7E6L-frt7rYiuFsB07CMyT5D8IEz2Q%7EiRzVHAmCY-h-J91sVWOTQxYfBkYaPrAuYuRpuZCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c461ec65b435d9120e8d59c4e166c965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Time Capsule found in the move of the 'Johnny Reb' Statue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived WESH 2 News Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WESH 2 News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1911 Moved: 1917 & 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource WESH 2 News & Orlando Regional History Center Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Image/ JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Orlando, FL Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Johnny Reb Confederate Monument, Orlando, FL Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Orlando, FL Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: June 3, 1911 Moved: 1917 & June 20, 2017 Description An account of the resource On June 3, 1911 “Johnny Reb” a six-foot granite Confederate soldier was placed upon a thirty-foot monument adjacent to the Orange County Courthouse in Orlando, Florida [1]. The name “Johnny Reb” symbolizes a Confederate soldier's moral and cultural values [2]. The Lost Cause caused a divide in the state of Florida, with the North wanting to continue with traditional values and the South desiring expansion and urbanization[6]. Florida only contributed cattle to the Confederate army before the Battle of Olustee towards Jacksonville, Florida. However, people grasped onto the identity of The Lost Cause to withhold changing societal ideals, which is still evident today. From 1908 to its erection in 1911, the Annie Coleman Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) fundraised, designed, and created this monument. Johnny Reb sat idle over Lake Eola and the town square until 1917 when it was determined hazardous to evolving traffic patterns[1]. In the 1960s the gun was stolen from “Johnny Reb" and its shattered pieces were scattered across the city of Orlando [3]. Albin Polasek created and sculpted a new gun for the statue to hold, which caused the first public outcry against the statue [3]. “Johnny Reb” would be moved to Greenwood Lakes Cemetery on June 20, 2017 [1]. During its removal, workers found a time capsule buried in the base of the statue and surrendered it to the city. The time capsule held: coins, photographs, flags, dollar bills, pins, newspapers, and weekly minutes of Orlando's UDC meetings [5]. The UDC has sued the city for opening the money box and keeping the artifacts within the regional history center [5]. There has been no mention of how the case has been settled since 2017. However, the Orlando Regional History Center is still in possession of these artifacts. Inscription: To the honored memory of The Soldiers, The Sailors, The Statesmen of the Confederate States of America. “Time Cannot teach forgetfulness when grief’s heart is fed by fame.” “Tis wreathed around with glory and ‘twill live in song and story, though it’s folds are in the dust.” “The cause for which he suffered was lost; the people for whom he fought were crushed; the hopes in which he trusted were shattered; but his fame, consigned to the keeping of time, which happily is not so much the tomb of virtue as its shrine, shall in the years to come, fire modest worth to noble ends.” "This monument shall stand through the years to come as our loving tribute to the Confederate Soldiers and as a memorial of his heroic courage, his unparalleled devotion and his unselfish patriotism." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Annie Coleman Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy & Albin Polasek in 1960 sculpted a new gun for the statue. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Statue Type The nature or genre of the resource Marble Statue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “1911 Confederate Soldier Monument.” Omeka RSS. Accessed December 1, 2023. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/cflmonuments/1911csm. Williams, Richard. “Johnny Reb.” Johnny Reb - Essential Civil War Curriculum. Accessed December 1, 2023. https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/johnny-reb.html. Thorspecken, Thomas. “Johnny Reb Is Removed from Orlando Florida’s Lake Eola Park.” Urban Sketchers, July 22, 2021. https://urbansketchers.org/2017/06/22/johnny-reb-is-removed-from-orlando/. Gillespie, Ryan. “‘Johnny Reb’ Confederate Statue in Orlando Has Rainbow, Transgender Flags Buried in Base along with Old Glory, Stars and Bars.” Orlando Sentinel, April 5, 2019. https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2018/06/20/johnny-reb-confederate-statue-in-orlando-has-rainbow-transgender-flags-buried-in-base-along-with-old-glory-stars-and-bars/. ‘Johnny Reb’ Confederate Statue Has New Home in Florida.” AP News, December 6, 2017. https://apnews.com/article/4c860cab2c884e919a9c45d49bd53c7e. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. Cemetery Florida Johnny Reb United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/178fb2f99891bd1dc3e6b7ad2b35c678.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=siYn7phusy8kg7YCM4pKyuYmzySRrixDFB8p2PEShCyzcJZo7p7sUHRAcC-QiMdJKy7oDx2zkEbZCjT0JRZxHeC8y5Az1aUiBqPPcBZa76Sam5CBZAAuMuRbzwzTk1kd1gt65JnhWcj8ombesEUk6u080%7Eaz-o%7EHNyeGoaTbkfVkNYjl4gvO1Rg1mW02pPir2ks3%7EELqngSR%7EyRuOfqhzcxsDqdRdC6us1S0GusRR-9WOhhcipf1nzbkckLwi1m3VXGIRV5u4ULY-x%7EypfWk2VPeY9I7Qo6twfCddzL%7E7hkMiN9S3CH-iTxQcTtVKNpCKjuSxob1%7EMbY2lfzJP1e3Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3aa9c4229cb97142de7a69454795d5ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Statue in Downtown Ft. Myers, Florida. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tom Hall Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, FL Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2a88f261fafffd3fcb21116e786c1370.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Z2sjw98P-XfI3rslKRMO9dpEedDvfQzywlc-YxMVCSG16fk24olSAl542BlIONHEoc4uI5%7EFpmiE3kyFx9wNfX6c3KQjsY8sRcAQ3o5hf0WJP2BC4gWpqMCSEu1wYZttCfjDXSDutxUZ7w%7E%7Epw4uEQcIb3TJjoV3mJGytB8nloWoggPDldYwXJG95wWrUw8YL2Aw8LvANH5eYLWzxcFAcBtKqFYdt81sAD5SaVL13nBfjG1v8MVLQ5gSo-UGAnDXZvEmI7PmxI6xRyzsIwhOKNQVMm2gG6%7EfY-O%7EA3kevLkNPed9xw5Z76JTDKN9uki22v%7EJFMcDYT3tFx1jzbZHpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0d8fab58e15fc87ad7c2985e3d3bdfeb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dedication on the Robert E. Lee Monument. Ft Myers, FL. Description An account of the resource Inscription: "The erection of this monument was sponsored by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Fort Myers chapter, and completed in 1966 A.D. with the assistance of the citizens of Lee County in honor of the man for whom this county was named." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image/JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, FL https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e03580353b4d5f0e496e319b7b28d062.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=A1PcFJt0%7E1XXo2wp0o0-lP6MBKmiZXrWaRnu3%7EUGrNFCVydX-FlrZFGX1N31mcnf%7EZrxTu0XoRsawmm6WOKJvLgZQBfLWvpLEGGaqlqtzNQQA6Y47EYm06zVhCIjPte9pGnKVzpIIFa-44wqLpTWJmfsaMEW6-jQSKV8FmA7p5F7o8JNkkAeQ3OqzkDTDcAf0jReQVMNGMoDckKsF%7E7iAKCYU2Ju-tNZolWP5ZDyxQWi%7EeXqg35A5TPKD9raQ7Z3D%7EAAkKOKQ65gB-XvbUZpd32IZdAa4f1vfJzH5wAzgyxRRYCcuBMokZIyY6xpvmROF5Ao1mDCyChaRRZsKzY3KA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c8aaca9b2fa3424b5f61394d1976c449 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Statue Vandalized Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 10 Tampa Bay & wtsp.com Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 10 Tampa Bay & wtsp.com Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, Florida. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Bust, Fort Myers, FL Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Fort Myers, FL Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aldo Pero and Laetitia Ashmore Nutt chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Description An account of the resource The Robert E. Lee bust in Downtown Fort Myers, Florida was sculpted by Aldo Pero and installed on January 19, 1966. This bust was commissioned by the Laetitia Ashmore Nutt chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). Fort Myers is located inside Lee County, Florida. The county was named after Robert E. Lee in 1887 despite Robert E. Lee never visiting the offshoot of Monroe County. Lee County seceded from Monroe County after a dispute regarding funding for a local high school that burned down. The namesake was decided by Francis Asbury Hendry, a politician, cattle rancher, and military officer for the Confederacy in Ft. Myers. At the base of this monument, there was a time capsule provided by James William Clifford, a member of the Civil War Commission in 1966. The time capsule held Confederate and Union bullets, union shell fragments, a Confederate buckle, a Confederate sword guard, and other memorabilia. The Robert E. Lee bust has faced vandalism in recent years; it has been completely removed from its pedestal and thrown on the ground. The monument's controversy and affiliation to white supremacy have caused internal debates among the Ft. Myers communities. It has since been removed by the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) for “polishing and retouching” but it is unclear who owns the statue. The statue has been removed twice from its pedestal to be refurbished in its history. However, Robert E. Lees bust was permanently removed from downtown Ft. Myers in June 2020 after peaceful protests, work with the NAACP, and following discussions about racial injustices within the community. This bust sits in opposition to the Union memorial “Clayton” that sits facing the water at Ft. Myers Centennial Park. Originally “Clayton” faced toward the city-center but was rotated towards the river in 2020. Many have seen this rotation as disrespectful and unbecoming of the city. Inscription: "The erection of this monument was sponsored by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Fort Myers chapter, and completed in 1966 A.D. with the assistance of the citizens of Lee County in honor of the man for whom this county was named." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Calligan, Tara. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” South Florida Times, March 26, 2019. https://www.sfltimes.com/news/robert-e-lee-bust. Hall, Tom. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” ArtSWFL.com. Accessed December 1, 2023. http://www.artswfl.com/public-art-2/fort-myers-river-district-public-art-2/robert-e-lee-bust/robert-e-lee-bust. Montoya, Melissa. “Robert E. Lee Statue Removed from Downtown Fort Myers.” Press, June 2, 2020. https://www.news-press.com/story/news/local/2020/06/02/robert-e-lee-bust-removed-fort-myers-post/5316700002/. Perdomo, Andrea. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” ArtSWFL.com, August 18, 2020. http://www.artswfl.com/public-art-2/fort-myers-river-district-public-art-2/robert-e-lee-bust/robert-e-lee-bust. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” South Florida Times, March 26, 2019. https://www.sfltimes.com/news/robert-e-lee-bust. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: Janauary 19, 1966 Vandalized: March 2019 Removed: June 2020 Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze bust on Gray Georgia granite. Florida Robert E. Lee United Daughters of the Confederacy Vandalism https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/3268cb4364e9b0105042b29c6bdc1f7e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SANwNrzYfqde8uYhQ7vpf6-i6dmKyjXjOOCEuanesONMiI1rlfBNqP98VykFs6SkibxQMIb%7ET26-4Z0wRczGTjPOt%7E8avqDV%7Eawg0RT80-wjeT%7EYxHCXN3berInB0wFGOYx9iAPid3wsQ9OJLc5tHQzCyRhl0ujkJ%7EqhoOv-WYVrP9hmw21f43IsfDjV1hkThKFPMb4KXbLeC0MHryT6Kpn1CtmZYsZNQ56ZdASK5Qsqn4qKlS15nMzvJZwmu16oOivxIVoecvpkCAfTrJfv-qBkFEinhMcde7N8Uo-eMPbLl1v7TJCpTFWcIPcsOZsiwwddS3eIKyOlpwNp%7E0hj5Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4649e20f19f5a28baab90df48d22e644 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment "South Florida Bulldogs" Marker Description An account of the resource The memorial marker is set in the shape of a tombstone with the letters CSA and the popular Confederate flag inscribed at the top. On it is the dedication, "In Memory of the 79 militiamen under command of Captain Nathan S. Blount who marched from Gainesville to muster into the CS Army rendering gallant service from April 10, 1862-April 26, 1865." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AGS Media Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HMdb.org Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 27, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e42b254e583061d6eff1f49580a3a5d5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ZfToDEBCAR4CfPbnTHLpDDcN6iBThwGXcpLMXSp1m-ZWWC3ZeRgUnjjPCwLLAIFTevZdGjH8mg3wjAz4DFBEttOGZ-Ke6ix62QVFZuzkNUB6mhRE3hfQKb5gnxbGVG0T8NccUAf3hAvE7bhkrov8GbGcimfNV0AVjIiMrojbsdBLcl8z8neXk4NQ50Y%7ETG9P0cvNym3-x-HYY7VlCVwq8UhdQNBlHNpZ4ALvrHv6nk5K2woR-iRwlDhPcIw0YEESvuyOjVJi48ZtIf4fetdykVt0zRmEm-1r3dr0n2T--WDCgpWPnRoIJgDIAZTNNaekb3OhEIfqMzk-bPg-Yak9FA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2985b9a0088ff67149f45b36a450cd29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment Marker Rear Description An account of the resource The backside of the Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment marker is inscribed with a list of the locations of battles the Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment took part in as a part of the larger Tennessee Army. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AGS Media Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hmdb.org Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 27, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment Monument, Bartow, FL Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bartow, FL Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Regimental Marker Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Description An account of the resource This monument is a memorial dedicated to the Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment located at Old Polk County Courthouse in Bartow Florida. It is in the shape of a tombstone and the words, "In memory of the 79 militiamen under command of Captain Nathan S. Blount who marched from Gainesville to muster into the CS Army rendering gallant service from April 10, 1862-April 26, 1865." are carved on it. The Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment was raised from men in the vicinity of where the monument was placed. The regiment took part in the Civil War as part of the larger Army of Tennessee. The marker was raised on July 3, 1982, by the General Evander Mclver Law Camp of the Sons of Confederate Veterans group. As far as Confederate monuments are concerned it is fairly non-controversial, as the marker simply memorializes an infantry regiment rather than lionize a general or praise the Confederacy. In 2021, the monument was voted by the Bartow Historical Commission to move the monument to the local Oak Hill cemetery which hosts the remains of Confederate Soldiers who were a part of the Seventh Florida Infantry Regiment. This decision was sparked following the wave of protests, and activism surrounding the calls for the removal of Confederate monuments across the United States that started with the Charleston Church shooting in 2015. The vote was made with a 4-1 decision with the primary concerns being the cost of removal and moving fees, with the single no voter protesting the move as they wanted to cover up and or remove the Confederate Flag that was inscribed on the monument. The decision to relocate rather than outright destroy the Confederate monument is not an uncommon one. It is reflective of one of the more moderate stances taken in regard to the Confederate monument controversy that has been sweeping the United State for the past several years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Bartow". Florida Public Archaeology Network. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Accessed Nov 17, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20170816060615/http://fpan.us/civilwar/monuments/bartow DaSilva, Staci. “Descendant of Confederate soldier advocates for relocation of Bartow monument.” WFLA-TV. Accessed November 28, 2023. https://www.wfla.com/news/polk-county/descendant-of-confederate-soldier-advocates-for-relocation-of-bartow-monument/ Shalin, Dan. “Bartow Historical Commission Votes To Move Civil War Monument.” Patch. Accessed November 28, 2023. https://patch.com/florida/lakeland/bartow-historical-commission-votes-move-civil-war-monument Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: July 3, 1982 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource General Evander McIver Law Camp of the Sons of Confederate Veterans Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Michael Westfall Subject The topic of the resource Florida, Post-Reconstruction, Infantry Regiment 20th Century Cemetery Court House Florida https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/08154ef2700cb90be4efd3afda22b249.JPG?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HL3ZfBlHUrinT8U6n39PJiWjIRDYU2HZeNjm8fkpv%7EAhls5DWCg0FvYjbTspLURGeS5AS6ye-WwR4%7EiSSbP3GwF4vjm-v56NKAStVTdKCn4h00Cq0ED%7Euoksi6ZhaWM%7EphXvBcr5zmArydAqFAhqootfntzj0EFp8Sr4f5QvDGWi5nuaAYtm1%7EfvBwR4v9cbO3%7ESwIXx5esRHmHojfvCOSxz0Jp673LirvBZMTF94T7TA2%7EVuwXEPlkJQVDpiLfcHvgkwnED-rztZbDXk6WmZhtpuU9FNzr5hY%7EzRjasdNtOEs5uU5d04A7UY9w-Ap3nPXtVrma6VPOLzjJfWaLmpw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5d9069a6cbdfa9f42c2c84b2e268ca38 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/065ee094a80415c871b0cab8552323dd.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Sv2Ws92LLR2ZWmocz9oHiMd6fc-cNpmDcCdwubTSH04PVxnL2eBvunz8VpXY8Cc47-MhqalfZvmhA704TxITeifrg0XrRLm-T5HwdqLEm-z50fRZ22TGBjjGm79CK%7Ey2WmSv%7E2c97bJc6dnt4xmT1rqIMJ78BrExjtB21n7SDpO8WyTXAY5Ds3g4OoZyGZNhD21DZIppqKMCuYe1nQNo0tO6POD-SlortKSpY7KHTbMXpJX5f4H9s3eWaSCP9F6AcToODZhq1wjaqj4BTzXGtqtSC4VZm5CiJjVjomaTNuyU2g5sWgYCvOp-RpV9zNh7g6vSE0MvBQ8EHH8a8jUcEQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2244fd770d5713a9ee704dacd590383f https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d5ea1b8182a8dcfc5825bace34fec9a8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=amgPYIA5f-FeahE4ZOPnLW6GQq7wz7hzIBqgWrSsgnZGBodjzl8MUP5kLvtzP8JTQ78kKTZ3UZoJc8XmLGxFiPCAmF-ylkd2OjNMpJ9c6jUsCj5VLT57Hyg3apD-xoWYErXi5iBstUtenOWwNfQh0zDvjXMcn3FoslUpK8bUJq3ChlT6S8IiRjhIEfT560gtLbwe5Nzo-wfqZvCr8u6Q-nvtLgYrqn462fI8ANynJhxrtYfXwogbOVBdUwpVAUtd8wjcCff1ZechWKeyWpyuzIo98oHfAAxoM5DLyCfn75e-4-PrD5fo4sF5fUkyg%7EgehZvVwFXRsB3TqK1GARN15g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 49ff45e0b2ccf3f8deec4fbbed433aa9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Judah P. Benjamin Monument Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Gamble Plantation, FL Subject The topic of the resource Judah B. Benjamin, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Antebellum Architecture, Plantations, Slavery Description An account of the resource The Judah B. Benjamin Confederate Memorial was originally a 3,400-acre sugar plantation with at least 190 slaves built by Robert Gamble between 1845 and 1850.[1] Gamble was able to gain the property at no cost due to the Florida Armed Occupation and Settlement Act of 1842 which was designed to occupy areas which the indigenous Seminole people had fled to with plantations with armed militia to end any existing resistance.[2] The plantation would serve as a hiding place for Judah B. Benjamin Confederate Secretary of War as he fled from Union forces at the war's end and left the country for England where he became a prominent lawyer. The area would eventually come under the ownership of the Judah B. Benjamin chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) in 1925. The UDC later deeded the land to the State of Florida, and it is currently operated by the Division of Recreation and Parks, Department of Environmental Protection. This monument serves to drive the connection between the erection of seemingly apolitical monuments and the maintenance of a particular perception of the past. Most of the monuments in this archive are obvious in their nature as memorials but this entry serves to upend this trend and reveal the underlying reasoning for the raising of monuments to the Confederacy and its related figures. The plantation discussed here has a history that extends before and beyond the Civil War yet emphasized in its name and usage is its association with the Judah B. Benjamin and the Confederacy.[3] This is done to push the ahistorical narrative of the Lost Cause in which the Civil War in the Confederacy in a manner that ignores that slavery was the main reason the southern states seceded from the Union and presents the Confederacy as a noble entity an inheritor of the will of the Founding Fathers.[4] Slavery plays only a small role in how the plantation is presented to the public which is especially strange considering what period it is associated with in its name. The site still serves as a place for events led by the UDC who began the project of presenting the plantation as a memorial to the Confederacy rather than as a place to consider the implications of slavery and how it functioned in the United States. The value of this entry is how it illustrates the changing perception of Confederate monuments and the expansion of what can be considered a Confederate monument. What constitutes a monument is not just what it was specifically built for but how the physical entity itself is used and what historical narratives its presentation supports. This monument does not follow the models of most of the entries in this archive, most of which are structures in towns and cities specifically constructed to memorialize figures or events associated with the Confederacy. This site was built as a plantation, not a memorial yet it is used for similar ideological goals and so falls into the category of the sort of objects this archive seeks to record. It should be kept in mind this archive is not only for objects but for how these objects are used, removed, and seen by the public. Conflicting ideas of how this monument shows how all objects in this archive are neither eternal nor fixed, their continued existence dependent upon the will of the public who witness and interact with them.[5] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robert Gamble, enslaved workers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park. April 21, 2015. https://floridadep.gov/sites/default/files/JPBGamblePlantation_Approved%20Plan_April2015_5mb.pdf. Stuart, John. Society of Architectural Historians. https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/FL-01-081-0017. Sims, John. “Here’s the slave memorial I have imagined for Florida’s Gamble Plantation” Tampa Bay Times August 28, 2020. https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2020/08/28/heres-the-slave-memorial-i-have-imaged-for-floridas-gamble-plantation-column/. Bardes, John. “‘Defend with True Hearts unto Death’: Finding Historical Meaning in Confederate Memorial Hall.” Southern Cultures 23, no. 4 (2017): 29–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26391717. Young, James Edward. The Stages of Memory: Reflections on Memorial Art, Loss, and the Spaces Between. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2016. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1842-1845 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Samuel McMillan Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Antebellum Plantation Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402 Fall 2023 Civil War Daughters of the Confederacy Florida Judah B. Benjamin Lost Cause Plantation https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8f0662401e923229c768a3f53012fec3.png?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Mdo9JH-Bj0L9nnjvT3X%7ECrtTdAZ3BFX9r62Ti3FKY41kZnFTJSXf32tasxuSrb0ztNbtzHSG%7ERRyHwqtteoUXD0a9EFQtDPUkWV8He5jPTxKzL%7EwOPXg3EJpxTxc57PtWD2K%7EgctfS6K731xOZouG8LGNI0sC2Eyv6tc7GmXRzI2ZHh3tHyyzeVXTk9gpDZZlH8bWO7O9cEFvzSqx-U801peFJS1qgw2%7EKZfdtbrF0dlVxVrTAZ5JHEG9bsDF4yJ83ZvOlrkaKOcXADTKD5flypia435-8XMl01cZu71wpCs9FfekAaxJPWodv6SAfzUDj6945vK-Ia8AgMACb0kdA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4f16a334bd815a6f3ff1e6cb90206470 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument Riverside Cemetery Prior To Enclosure Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2 February 2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Dedicated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the Sterling Price Camp #676 Association in 2003, the center plaque of the Confederate monument in Riverside Cemetery reads, "In honor of Colorado's Confederate Veterans who served during the War Between the States 1861 - 1865, Dedicated by the Colorado Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, 2003." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Outspoken 1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Colorado Confederate Veterans Memorial - Riverside Cemetery, Denver, CO - American Civil War Monuments and Memorials on Waymarking.com.” n.d. Www.waymarking.com. Accessed November 17, 2023. https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM5QAN. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available silverquill Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Groundspeak hereby grants you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, fully revocable (pursuant to the termination provisions below) license to view and use our services for your own personal, non-commercial purposes in accordance with this Agreement. Additionally, you may access and use our services via the authorized application of one of our Authorized Developers. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/02b99582ebbaaa14355902c23db72fd9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=dIgCDDjVSe3DK%7EHFPvII59aiwUx9QGANNfmefhUTkzKnIuC8%7EtjQTRk1m7ABqArTTg85NzPawbyGCDIDRcQIo6EFoakKvb2sGqdkiKb7-SUKV5kDWK7UCXShN6u%7EegV2YuNyhu39-mPyk1of6zDaOR9DHxFi%7EoNwSuEod25QujQlGVr50SX5vRSs6XIUp8j2KBsdBN0zpaLw5D4eiU6gaLBnR%7Ehx3dkUpv4RwhCU2HLvpuXio0mAefQnRKdWaaWEsuccuTzseekYdDJ8xsdkZ7EIUlXN9%7E8X6LV4dhY2ewYsdL8YgXLpVO6a2xuni0ZjfDBbr%7EhkXEPvOHz51RZBnQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 432fc069c1679d9582eb264aea8d61ef Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument Enclosed Description An account of the resource The Confederate Monument at Riverside Cemetery is no longer clearly visible due to a protective housing having been placed around it. A plexiglass rectangle undergirded by thin aluminum wire makes it nearly impossible to see the monument. It is unclear whether the board of directors at the cemetery of the Sons of Confederate Veterans placed the enclosure around the monument. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kareem Khaled Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kareem Khaled Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 November 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Anyone may reuse, distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/484c7e6281b162099fe74dabb89c8b9d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=qZVlGn9%7EjWakQL5SGlfh6HjgySsJujqKFiamwt5OA6VICFkRRxWnU86dbPjb0S1Kz0fPas3qC02mm9RvwxLeFO3qY6UlbAlm532v2FYiBYEjN4UHeL0PKCOCJDm4hgsbn0wNmjGidZZa3WkYFfH1-kKJhjNPnnjSdYBaeuA48MFMipHulud0SO4H-MLkZdXunchIo4H1wxvEoMVwRUfPyygCdNgA8nJvyNFHvD-QHPg3XRAJHPm7sRZL8hrTMbnOmXk2r56OkKTsKQHGw1MlXHMHerdTH7vE8f-lFIFemaeUI4KBqmdAIpEhQ2JILkNP27ZHAhrNnVoRE-j-4Z-WHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 67595e087ca059b74b87282549520b4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Veterans Marker - Riverside Cemetery Description An account of the resource A small marker the size of a pinwheel planted next to a Confederate war veteran's grave adjacent to the Confederate Monument in Riverside Cemetery, Denver, Colorado. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kareem Khaled Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kareem Khaled Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 November 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Anyone may reuse, distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Riverside Cemetery Confederate Monument, Denver, Colorado Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Sons of Confederate Veterans Sterling Price Camp #676 Association Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “Colorado Confederate Veterans Memorial - Riverside Cemetery, Denver, CO - American Civil War Monuments and Memorials on Waymarking.com.” n.d. Www.waymarking.com. Accessed November 17, 2023. https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM5QAN. ‌“1 of 6 Civil War Monuments in Colorado Is in Denver’s Riverside Cemetery.” 2017. Wthr.com. August 15, 2017. https://www.wthr.com/article/news/local/next/1-of-6-civil-war-monuments-in-colorado-is-in-denvers-riverside-cemetery/73-464658324. ‌Kurtz, Logan. 2022. “Riverside Cemetery and the Civil War.” Bucket List Community Cafe. November 9, 2022. https://bucketlistcommunitycafe.com/riverside-cemetery-and-the-civil-war/. ‌David Ramsey column. 2019. “David Ramsey: Confederate Flags Fly over Colorado Rebel Graves.” Colorado Springs Gazette. June 15, 2019. https://gazette.com/news/david-ramsey-confederate-flags-fly-over-colorado-rebel-graves/article_7b2ca66a-8ef5-11e9-838e-1b97c92b8c31.html. “Home.” n.d. Scvdenver.org. Accessed November 17, 2023. https://scvdenver.org/. ‌ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 2003 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Subject The topic of the resource A Confederate monument plaque surrounded by inscribed bricks and accompanied by the official flag of the Confederacy. Description An account of the resource Dedicated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the Sterling Price Camp #676 Association in 2003, the center plaque of the Confederate monument in Riverside Cemetery reads, "In honor of Colorado's Confederate Veterans who served during the War Between the States 1861 - 1865, Dedicated by the Colorado Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, 2003." Each of the bricks surrounding the center plaque are inscribed with the names and regiment numbers of Confederate troops. The official flag of the Confederacy use to fly above the monument. Located at the rear of plot 16 at the Historic Riverside Cemetery, the Confederate monument reserves an isolated space away from all other headstones. The memorial is in close proximity to three mausoleums and is on the exact opposite side of the cemetery from the headstones of Union soldiers. The monument features 52 inscribed bricks, organized in 4 columns of 13 bricks, along with a plaque at the head of the column of bricks. The bricks represent Confederate soldiers, colonels, and captains from states such as: Missouri, Arkansas, Alabama, Texas, Virginia, and Tennessee. Many of the names are obscured by leaves and the growth of weeds, however, visible names include: Surgeon J. Blackerby, William Kidwell, Private John A. Sweeny, Private Randolph Carder, Captain William Garrett, Colonel Abram Fulkerson, and Private M. Polk Crisp. The brick of Private M. Polk Crisp is inscribed with the words “No Surrender.” The monument is no longer clearly visible due to the protective housing placed around it. A plexiglass rectangle undergirded by thin aluminum wire makes it nearly impossible to see the monument. Furthermore, there does not seem to be maintenance of the monument occurring with any regularity. There is a heavy undergrowth of weeds and scattered leaves obscuring about a third of the total monument. The official flag of the Confederacy and the chrome dedication plaque on the flag pole have been removed. The concrete base of the monument looks to have been defaced by spray paint and is likewise covered in a significant amount of bird droppings. Despite the general neglect of the monument, two small bouquets of flowers protrude from the top of the plexiglass housing. As of November 2023, the main office of the Historic Riverside Cemetery has been shuttered indefinitely, which made acquisition of information regarding the monument nearly impossible. It is unclear whether the Board of Directors of the cemetery grounds, or the Sons of Confederate Veterans encased the monument to protect it from vandalism or to shield it from the elements. One fact remains, the monument has not been decommissioned, but the exterior demonstrates a degree of dereliction and the lack of upkeep suggests that it is no longer in the public spotlight. Type The nature or genre of the resource Inscribed Plaque Inscribed Bricks Official Flag of the Confederacy Cemetery Colorado Denver Plaque Sons of Confederate Veterans https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/6a60d22d112e377cfc8507006b2555c1.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=U0-Vu7ydZlztVAZOFWRox384TTb2FzahK%7EF5wteY5ESkhvu50B1CZ6fpAJwJYenjbAG7oi2y1imxgMa14%7EjJUZ7%7Eoq4Y4hMfNlaz02yh13KOom0I-oRsicMAODblc80tMjHvLNYCUhdPir5OfV-JVrYdBY43C8KZBVprfeesX4LB6fxLXv8GCMuqPK6fqaviqrq4VsabHHH0tytiJiLVTzkO7%7Eh9bzMnZpHvNtJV3eto12SdeKQs6BUdvfpNqqeW6Mo%7EfYeHJ9Pqcf4IzmIwatbJ1fDYnuG0xJTxXGuK46YvlWLmnlFZpeULQXwNwtKV61DiRJQuu%7EOzboPmT767BA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3d1acc78854f8593703167d390262701 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Statue Graveyard Subject The topic of the resource The undisclosed industrial park where the decommissioned statues from Virginia are currently housed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Photographer Lenin Nolly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seisdedos, Iker. 2023. “A US City Took Down Its Racist Statues. Where Do They Go Next?” The Guardian, February 28, 2023, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/27/the-statue-graveyard-where-torn-down-confederate-monuments-lie. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Guardian Newspaper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 28 February 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource By students in coursework or dissertations created in the course of full- or part-time study at a recognized school or university or other place of learning provided that such coursework or dissertation shall not be released for external publication in any form. https://www.theguardian.com/info/2022/nov/01/open-licence-terms https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d13052b3dde42bde51ba0bf2f971554c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=m2tBimeGRBl1zJ5K7SMCemIcYcwDL7kkH7GGByL6oNRM%7E1Kc3iyjCkt-ktY74LnJSnEY0EvD9H%7EvzupzzV6gjbin9FB3hBxSFAQ7rrNQR-UUqvA03Y%7EciJZTE3SIINmna0oPx0MoLhCNYLjruImolxJlz9Qf3QJxdqcq7CyS-c8UO%7EMSTDKcsUVFMTZnvJ%7EEO2XEg0DIoVmZJWLiFyf8I32zgvVDQKrGwrGhFEl1eUD7M%7E4OTvL4QSGMnKFMv7POO4sl7piFdNDlVf09YYMgSumwPGSY9EFuQ5OxPuoSlfpZoTYMEWgQeu1iUStDEwXDqsp8tdaqJzeIBqMq-S0ULQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 470bb8c65c98e50d7c84275debb02409 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Former Site of Robert E. Lee Statue on Monument Avenue Subject The topic of the resource Center of Monument Avenue and Allen Ave in Richmond, Virginia Description An account of the resource After removing the statue of Robert E. Lee from Monument Avenue, the Richmond City Council decided not to install any fixture in its place. A garden with several succulents has been planted in the center of the roundabout. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kareem Khaled Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 October 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Item may be reproduced for educational purposes. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2282dc922c933432ef31062ed421aea3.JPG?Expires=1782345600&Signature=k4T2hq1WHjBmRJk%7EZyid0r2ry4I-tKYZrhatWiwIWibglD%7E3NUhKEN20iraDlw5-fGrCzLYTTq4VD0OgtKyXQYiv%7EHwtqaCUHliWl5ENG2lIO6MGyKF8aZtiMLL4rrU8cc4VWVqDLd0r9-6pCUTO57kPUSpjv1bQriOCj9Jdq4FWQ6Z5m6UAbXq-4fHvzM0cE4sYQWDkywogPMLBxrrVxhBvNCeKv5jv6uhE2TfyNDQwSMqpb4djZaImP6h2jvlmAQvlD5D7ivbJ1bM2IUixH509HwcMUu7tq1bDIqgqf51PNAIXIFce0T1OFa5%7EGMd3xkVetY5myZ1nzXTiK%7ENhtw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 70eb21c6410523fdcf41925f09407090 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Black History Museum and Cultural Center Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 2011 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wikimedia Commons Description An account of the resource The potential home of the decommissioned statues from Monument Avenue. Each of the statues may be displayed for visitors to the museum by 2025. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgan Riley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_History_Museum_and_Cultural_Center_of_Virginia#/media/File:Black_History_Museum,_Richmond.JPG Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy.  <br /><br />Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. <br /><br />Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5. Relocation and Recontextualization Description An account of the resource Following the removal of the monument of Robert E. Lee in 2021, the city of Richmond wrestled with the question of what to do with the now decommissioned statues of Confederate figureheads. Disassembly and storage of these monuments in late 2020 fell upon Richmond local Devon Henry. Under continuous threat from the Ku Klux Klan, Henry routinely wore a bullet-proof vest to work while decommissioning these statues. In total, Henry removed and relocated twenty-four Confederate monuments throughout Virginia. Iker Seisdedos of The Guardian reported on February 28, 2023 that all of the decommissioned statues from Monument Avenue along with others from around Virginia had been relocated to an open-air industrial area in Richmond. Although the exact location has been withheld from the public, photographer Lenin Nolly visited the statue graveyard and provided several pictures of the decommissioned statues to The Guardian. Each Confederate statue has been preserved exactly as it was following the protests over the murder of George Flyod and despite their disassembly, each piece has been coded for rapid reassembly, should the need arise. Many of the statues are covered in political graffiti or have been vandalized in severe fashion. The bronze statues have been shrouded in white cloth to prevent discovery from onlookers on the nearby highway. The Guardian suggested that the Davis statue would eventually travel to the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles. Emma North reporting for ABC 8 News in Richmond reported on January 24, 2022 that the Richmond City Council in a unanimous vote on Resolution 2022-R002 affirmed the plan to donate decommissioned Confederate statues to the Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia. The list of statues included Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, Jefferson Davis, J.E.B. Stuart, Matthew Fontaine Maury, all from Monument Avenue, as well as Joseph Bryan, Fitzhuh Lee, Confederate Soldier and Sailor, and the Ceremonial Cannons from various locations in Virginia. The Director of the Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Mary C. Lauderdale provided a statement to The Guardian in which she affirmed that the decision regarding presentation and contextualization of the decommissioned statues would be made in agreement with the Richmond community. According to Lauderdale, a decision of this magnitude will most likely take five to ten years and require significant input from the stakeholders. The one exception to this decision making process is the statue of Jefferson Davis which is in a prone and lying position at the Valentine Museum in Richmond. On full display and covered in political graffiti, the monument is now accompanied by panels of contextualization which explain how the monument fell and its relationship to the Lost Cause narrative propagated throughout the South. Surveys have been provided to each attendee of the museum with six options for potential solutions to the monument debate. These options include storing the statues, relocating the statues with context, relocating the statues without context, exhibiting the statues in museums, reusing the material for public art, or simply destroying the statues. Recent developments have necessarily shown that the public is in favor of displaying the statues in museums with proper contextualization, though opposition to this route persists. Artnet News reported that Los Angeles art director Hamza Walker of LAXART intended to temporarily relocate Confederate statues from Richmond, as well as, other cities in Virginia and exhibit them for the public in 2023 in Los Angeles. According to the article, “Walker conceived a fiendish idea: Why not stage an exhibition in which, removed from their places of pride, these statues could be evaluated not only as propaganda for genocide but also as art objects? And why not invite contemporary artists to create works in response to them?” In a close partnership with MOCA, LAXART has increased its roster of potential loans and has spent most of 2023 slogging through litigation and criticism for its decision to exhibit decommissioned Confederate statues. The LAXART website recently provided an update on the potential exhibit and modified the opening to 2025. Additionally, the exhibit will be accompanied by a well researched scholarly publication and rigorous educational programming. With financial support from the Mellon Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, LAXART and MOCA may potentially display these decommissioned Confederate monuments in the next two years. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seisdedos, Iker. 2023. “A US City Took Down Its Racist Statues. Where Do They Go Next?” The Guardian, February 28, 2023, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/27/the-statue-graveyard-where-torn-down-confederate-monuments-lie. “MONUMENTS.” n.d. LAXART. Accessed October 26, 2023. https://laxart.org/monuments. Boucher, Brian. 2021. “A Curator Wants to Put Confederate Monuments in a Contemporary Art Museum. First, He Has to Figure out Who They Belong To.” Artnet News. December 20, 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/confederate-m onuments-contemporary-art-la-moca-2023-2051395. “Unanimous Vote: Richmond Confederate Monuments Going to Black History Museum.” 2022. WRIC ABC 8News. January 25, 2022. https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/unanimous-vote-richmond-confederate-monuments-going-to-black-history-museum/#:~:text=The%20Black%20History%20Museum%20and. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15 November 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist. 402 A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Subject The topic of the resource Decommissioned statues and their future in Richmond. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e1b9a437fd808a1385c8d6be5b89b69d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=PFU5TWB1L5UIZ5yAQU32XSn2QFF5OJZtRTgvzL8%7EpU-0pHvRcX5uUi%7EWQYEjlnyXFpDgLNYxGeUOJU6qXXx0ByrmmDxuSvKp6fvTjOB0gCk2eIWtjUxwlG-WxGB-NIwqiZ7amYgVHSUc9b6%7E05m9rTe-cyIL7Aoh2i43sEpoe-l6vxiVxf3lBLQaQaSLbBuTUuLAOTRDJb%7EnZU49o8wc-eOVFfkJk2gmBUURx1m7R7zGSt4Weny-3dNcqCI8vg%7ErD94RpDJnIPsMbl98oYuJ%7EG02kpFaCpiKy%7EzwOJVPTCb4sGgGuwSL75b3V0Vpo3siJ3wqjT4Sn6D-mBMgwkD5KA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e9988ad7a40d0a969778385a6706e91 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Vandalized Monument of the Confederate Invasion of Iowa Subject The topic of the resource The Confederate Invasion of Iowa following the Black Lives Matter Protests of 2020 Description An account of the resource Following the protests undertaken by the Black Lives Matter movement in July 2020, the KTVO news organization in Iowa reported that the Confederate Invasion of Iowa monument was vandalized with spray paint prior to the removal and theft of the plaque dedicated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans. The President of the Davis County Civil War Guerrilla Raid Society pledged to raise the necessary money to replace the plaque as well as threatened to find the person responsible for the act of vandalism and theft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michael Dann Hayes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Historical Marker,” December 6, 2019. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=36092. Styles, Romelo. “Davis County Civil War Monument Vandalized.” KTVO, July 2, 2020. https://ktvo.com/news/local/davis-county-civil-war-monument-was-vandalized-over-the-weekend. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource “Our published copyright for the website allows our images to be used for non-commercial purposes without written permission provided that the photographer and HMdb.org is cited.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HMdb.org LLC https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f3c5c2a393e012247bf70ce37642b5d7.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bQnkLIuWPft-3TD4tmIvQTaGvttwuFiYHGrEUTlD4v-REPH72i3fFC0SIND3H4%7EryJmYPWLN%7Ex3RzgYPKCmobT4-unj0-q40kc8gU69MXc8enfrhABzJRumgX1eJhlkI2zV-1hrEzKBySox2YRlKJnQIuEIZj1VtNZNAJZZKk4DDQagMgcTzYlqdmUZle1TzM2rbTGbNUCqAO4jm2d%7EBiIKiRGe4CIbZlD5feIib8zVA1wrij4Y5ZYRb5mXbubtgv895L3DuP2htYu2neI3hVVY7%7E%7EeQVtPtSQ3AMbao%7E1pDp2ROq1J2Xj4tSIQKDIfkR5lX3NNNVMElu4M97AACMg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 93ac1924902b3491347ffa809783ceb9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Confederate Invasion of Iowa: Center Plaque Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michael Dann Hayes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Historical Marker,” December 6, 2019. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=36092. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Subject The topic of the resource Dedication on behalf of the Davis County Civil War Guerrilla Raid Society Description An account of the resource The center plaque of the Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument reads, "This monument marks the northern most point of incursion into Iowa by Confederate Forces. On October 12, 1864, Lieutenant James “Bill” Jackson led twelve heavily armed Missouri Partisan Rangers dressed in Union uniforms in a raid through Davis County, Iowa, resulting in the murder of three local citizens." Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource “Our published copyright for the website allows our images to be used for non-commercial purposes without written permission provided that the photographer and HMdb.org is cited.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HMdb.org LLC https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d497006cfddc64e183d9c9ba9eb9c067.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=W8-amSvQXHLBfsQqh1AUfD9boQ0r83reLlSgCqNA1CrOGgEZGR48wwseAiVC4NPOSY6wjtyxzGlbmO3tyCzCZR2xHQu8ANrPXsj39yl6K1bRrBcmAgxNGPVpB2UniG9qDx8o3NWNQjLT4gUPUbyGJyasdT94CvMp4lirkTXBubEMoxxPfBNgrZEmd4Cr--HkS7npbWBaqsvLtUarOUsnwbZQ6Vj9puFMojTDiuq2Q6Lir7GzgMaGpuYjRziOCRoyDdAg2mWIG48p8X1tk7LRIZ1dZEaBcN%7E8xNJVop5yM2N-4wO93lyyx8jyGpwaUn2BEJ1KaqWtiobwzUcBHl5oeg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 65efdbe63386f51e642afcc5f545dab7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Subject The topic of the resource Full profile of the Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Description An account of the resource The monument features three large stones, each embedded with a monochromatic plaque inscribed with dedications to each of the three parties involved with the creation of the monument. Flanking the monument are two flags, one of which is the thirty-four star flag of the Union and the other is the seven star official flag of the Confederacy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michael Dann Hayes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Historical Marker,” December 6, 2019. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=36092. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource “Our published copyright for the website allows our images to be used for non-commercial purposes without written permission provided that the photographer and HMdb.org is cited.” Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HMdb.org LLC Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Davis County Civil War Guerrilla Raid Society, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and Sons of Union Veterans Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument Historical Marker,” December 6, 2019. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=36092. Styles, Romelo. “Davis County Civil War Monument Vandalized.” KTVO, July 2, 2020. https://ktvo.com/news/local/davis-county-civil-war-monument-was-vandalized-over-the-weekend. “Historical Marker Database Map,” n.d. https://www.hmdb.org/map.asp?markers=36092,90341,90340,90276,90300,90298,90296,90302,90274. Register, Kyle Munson Des Moines. “‘Stupid Liberals’ vs. White Privilege: Iowa Caught up in Confederate Monuments Debate.” The Des Moines Register, August 28, 2017. https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/local/columnists/kyle-munson/2017/08/25/americas-civil-war-over-confederate-monuments-takes-root-iowa/588650001/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Plaques Flags Markers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bloomfield, Iowa Subject The topic of the resource The Northern Most Incursion Into Union Territory Description An account of the resource The Confederate Invasion of Iowa Monument represents the furthest northern point of the Confederate incursions into Union territory during the American Civil War. The monument was dedicated in 2005 in Bloomfield, Iowa to commemorate the actions of Lieutenant James “Bill” Jackson and the twelve Confederate raiders from Missouri he led roughly fifteen miles into Iowa dressed in stolen Union military uniforms. Jackson and his raiders burglarized, harassed and destroyed the property of numerous civilians in Davis County. Nearing the end of their raid, they murdered three residents before promptly retreating across the border into Missouri. The monument features three large stones, each embedded with a monochromatic plaque inscribed with dedications to each of the three parties involved with the creation of the monument. Flanking the monument are two flags, one of which is the thirty-four star flag of the Union and the other is the seven star official flag of the Confederacy. The Davis County Civil War Guerrilla Raid Society raised roughly five thousand dollars to establish the monument and collaborated with both the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the Sons of Union Veterans to create the plaques which were featured on each of the three stones. Following the protests undertaken by the Black Lives Matter movement in July 2020, the KTVO news organization in Iowa reported that the Confederate Invasion of Iowa monument was vandalized with spray paint prior to the removal and theft of the plaque dedicated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans. The President of the Davis County Civil War Guerrilla Raid Society pledged to raise the necessary money to replace the plaque as well as threatened to find the person responsible for the act of vandalism and theft. Iowa Plaque Sons of Confederate Veterans https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/252bf867d7617888aa01e5edd678920c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=U%7EGPj1SJOpLE5odkXevejC2aueqMEIaG-aWABAxeyzsD0zKNpiJOXaZUzl955FIf08wjzXSVaJfodyPYpt0GLHhi4Oc5pgHrWAEewwGv3WbpRJsdrIUGFlKFV3t7nwLpMZ1mzrPvkzEjew1BGZLmBspuWKPKHp6dYZd6tZfhUNWVxamQLnE1GwanIb%7EyP1rmkTv6q-utHqN0MioTRl-Lgz3lGY2EAi466WUfBKqZ1EVadASrPewqxIssb%7EAqo5GlBpOhC8i8vphbidlfKHH-v5dW9EKb1aRZgieZWojfZkD4nlgcRgowI1DF9aPDhC6Mh3C7Dcs2DyyMaYg0lEO49Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92d4e9db95736c97ab1300f2eadbd304 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Indiana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dominic Byrd-McDevitt Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikipedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16 August 2017 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Indianapolis, Indiana https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/16a32b1b716d1b03ec8424d65e259bbb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bAvebwM3m-hJ6M1d7v0wzOxvH4hfrKyBeqfvsNICsc5s-FjR-zNny17Ee4iQXR-HQMc2pwVdSIehZftBJEqoth0oA8YPhbjDjxJpQn9oHUmLdZysyhLO75c-8Xh8wpw0YUEL17Q9v45SuEfi8XyHdULrler-vahNJTwBnJC6BhICbWz7gcQUnwbGclz1ywr2S-actL00la0j4xAPQzBQVWsE1V5w2r--YVjjRD5ZkBfouy5DG9OQqcdMOjEh9T7yvNuTcw--o7xe3WyIuGHVVFA7SXD1MbNc6E8SCtaMa5v7ceSzALeZWS4EwtPq-rULOJgyFksXpU4EYeF%7Ez2cVvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 11d083a344953147ea5567a0bef556e8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate General William C. Oates Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samuel Hoffman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikipedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1 January 1908 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Alabama https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/61c02eacbc049501f532b6393f1393eb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=vEXAxSnJZmdk%7E93ATf9LoF%7EHrZ9WJ7gp6F1pgQlWZSVvj71mUV5eailgq7UCiyIzkp2QeddAg-cnb7C1fmqIDxgrZWT%7E-bNkgYTfjlqNUh1LOfddKlak3b2Ziq3abz%7Euh4aO31GLguVLKRHqLKvUnvZliCNJUHFs7s9ZMSitr6juJUpb7EpNU1uAuF1Rjj5rksQRAGYDGDoGeK8WEG1cUBQ4rFGTS01tdMpxoL-aDv6VABmPgWkHWf5cuge%7Eeq6lu5c2rLvt2qWm5cAPNubOzX5tjiTPPUBS4eze-TSNpt%7EJPRO1nmbEg3k5mTA14cByJNNJsPQm%7E-p5rfVgpu7Jtw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ad198ed0ca7324bca725aeddb9823376 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prisoners at Camp Morton Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Author Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikipedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1 January 1863 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Indianapolis, Indiana Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument of Indiana Subject The topic of the resource The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Description An account of the resource As a sign of celebration and remembrance, many Confederate monuments offer a message of a time in US history marred by slavery and the breakup of the Union. The objectives of these monuments are to perpetuate the Lost Cause narrative and continue the fallacies that the Civil War was not fought over slavery. In many cases those monuments are a representation of a belief system yet offer no historical context. The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Indiana was erected as a memorial to Confederate prisoners of war who died at Camp Morton. The memorial gives a glimpse into the horrors of war if looking deeper into the grounds where the monument once stood. It also inspires the inquiry of why the monument erected to memorialize the Confederate dead and why it was important to do so. Camp Morton served as a military camp for Union troops from April 1861 until February 1862. Situated on the Indiana State Fairgrounds, it was used as a mustering ground and military camp. One of eight Union prison camps for Confederate noncommissioned officers and privates, it is estimated that approximately 1,700 prisoners died at Camp Morton between 1862 and 1865. Some of the buried soldiers were exhumed and returned to their families. However, it is known that the remains of 1,616 prisoners were left behind. In 1866 a fire ravaged the cemetery office, destroying the records that gave the precise locations of the burials. In 1909 former Confederate General William C. Oates, a former congressman from Alabama, was commissioned to identify the soldiers who died in federal prison camps. Unsuccessful in finding the remains of the missing soldiers, former General Oates recommended a single shaft be erected bearing the names of the soldiers. The monument reads, “Erected by the United States to mark the burial place of 1,616 Confederate Soldiers and Sailors who died here while prisoners of war and whose graves cannot now be identified.” The monument represents the lives lost as prisoners of war but unlike other conflicts before and after, the men memorialized died at home. These men had been made prisoners by their own countrymen, fighting for ideological differences that enslaved the lives of men and women who also shared the same nationality. Ultimately, the monument, like many others like it, met its demise and was removed on June 8, 2020, following Black Lives Matter protests after the murder of George Floyd. The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument of Indiana served not just as a memorial of the prisoners that died there. It also served as a historical landmark that provided an insight into the Civil War that many other monuments simply do not offer. It does not celebrate the Confederacy, or does it perpetuate the Lost Cause narrative. It provides a symbol of a nation broken by the institution of slavery, a nation that was forced to turn on itself in the name of individual freedom in the belief that all men are created equal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Confederate General William C. Oates (creator) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Winslow, Hattie Lou, and Joseph R. H. Moore. Camp Morton, 1861–1865: Indianapolis Prison Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 1995. Bodenhamer, David, and Robert G. Barrows, eds. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press: 1994. "Memorial for Confederates". Plymouth Tribune. November 5, 1908 Mack, Vic Ryckaert and Justin L. "Garfield Park Confederate Memorial being dismantled". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 2020-06-08. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorial Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Max Bezanilla Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Indianapolis, Indiana Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist. 402A Fall 2021 BLM Camp Morton Indiana Memorial POW William C. Oates https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/cd60e7bcb9d52b0fcaf8783e1ce229f8.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=dDjZONW9ltr0dpno8g2VOgT8PKPxAxPf63%7EQQnS3dAXg1Qo%7E%7E%7EEbu6DoiriEo6pOumskTVYUaHj9ZBDsekK89ufetB77Z37KqeUz9bX3xe%7EHwOyjGJqEZxQDhI0GPmGDBit685fbRzbLXLfenYq-iSf4nXSW2H2AHuh7qswzV8luWpTAvKOve6NrexeJpVrA7ZhonaKA8PGrImjjX1NgT6r3ksKDfXXyzEJgFl64qcgAVCMN7eM814NNVgcfjybrBEp%7EYP3iDWLewZuG41OU2Zxq9aISs2NXsfTrKHAxL8zJTJMjzhAK1IHor%7EbiHiwPMyVQmMv3KUMlhejSuJb9Jw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0897d12a79b7dd222aa6339cc6bc693a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Memorial of the Pacific Description An account of the resource This is an ariel view of the cemetery, commonly known as "Punchbowl" due to the extinct volcano it sits atop. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The National Memorial Cemetry of the Pacific Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived W, K., R, J., &amp; M, R. (2014, March 12). Punchbowl national cemetery. Hawaii. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://htourshawaii.com/Punchbowl-National-Cemetery/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 12, 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristina Gonzalez Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photo of Cemetery Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Honolulu, Hawaii https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d348c94c9bec0b39754bff1b24330cd1.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=a3SauwTk9l085bUVX6aZLGPUAwhJAzjkQmStGA3SvIurJTqejgkb5iXmZwl4gsBVDBK40lLlTr1kVw4CFsoVA0Wd2hzK8erHjqp5M8uTEEeTAyEnrnhuKtJGxK1MNnZoeclNen4DQhnc%7E2iG%7EENLNcxRYIJXf8osUC64dUjp0R%7EvG9p1%7EJEA%7EH428WerFutMbip0L5SAQdWKhIJ%7E9Y6Aii3s2gGq1T%7ETehwmHPXUuYlOFFCiBfIO0oy10ubu1Gj7XWlxJ7HTOgZqxmfOciFyIy7scjI9buUv8vhvfEdCyfeVUlBRcNIlAuob1qM3X01NY7%7Ercu-w%7EEIdhUz1vX2yDg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 87607531388dd6491d106fc9e8f18276 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seabee Monument, National Cemetery of the Pacific Description An account of the resource The Seabee marker was placed along with the memorial site. On the marker is Lady Columbia, who symbolically watches over all the U.S soldiers lost in various battles throughout the history of our nation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chief Petty Officer Clint Rainey Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seabee Monument, National Cemetery of the Pacific (Punchbowl), Honolulu, Hawaii. The CEC / Seabee Historical Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://seabeehf.org/resources/memorials-monuments/seabee-monument-national-cemetery-of-the-pacific-punchbowl-honolulu-hawaii/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 2, 1949 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristina Gonzalez Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photo of the Seabee monumnet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Honolulu, Hawaii https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2b23b6ae369354394b50621df28456d3.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=QaFgKiXafrFfy6vXWk7GwLg3Vu2rvtmuiKQ5Qlv0IZQMmp-JN539E8pOCZ-1px0aDyurLveqTjNfejbjkFIlW6lBLq%7EahJ9jzTb%7Eyt%7EepMzUsWogH3UBNWsLhYbASk4I6pdLGMqwkFyQ4rc1fa7xPvitk%7EH2QZSUJmYYINxHRR2FbHTKN-cS975FTao3GrMb1TbSkK0h6ogTTc8FysYA08BhcBiLphmM0WEKtJXStmM3Bx-Cge3itQ-q2YRC8EURiQM-pDY929i%7E5OpPwb79A879u76yLocXfoYQphYCRme-usadrpBZMt9VVV6Jr5ddZxYD2fJPRVFzLYJ4yBtE4Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 317299393a4fdc36a25ce9f90ca484c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hawai'i Sons of the Civil War Subject The topic of the resource Plaque Sons of the Civil War, National Cemetery of the Pacific Description An account of the resource This plaque is the only connection that the Islands of Hawaii have to Civil war. Among the National Cemetery, this plaque is the only dedication to Hawaiian natives and Hawaiian-born Americans who fought on both sides of the Civil War. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Cemetry of the Pacific Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Young, P. T., &amp; says, A. M. (2019, November 2). Hawaiʻi and the American Civil War. Images of Old Hawaiʻi. Retrieved December 17, 2021, from https://imagesofoldhawaii.com/hawai%CA%BBi-and-the-american-civil-war/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristina Gonzalez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Cemetry of the Pacifc Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photo of Plaque dedication Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Honolulu, Hawaii Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu Subject The topic of the resource National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific Description An account of the resource <span style="font-weight:400;">The National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, informally known as the Punchbowl Cemetery, serves as a resting place for veterans who served in the United States Armed Forces and their families. In 1948 Congress approved the funding to create the National Cemetery, and since September 2, 1949, the memorial cite has been dedicated to veterans who served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Within the memorial is a plaque dedicated to both Confederate and Union soldiers from the Civil War. There were several Native Hawaiian and Hawaiian-born Americans who participated in both the Confederate and Union armies. The text on the plaque briefly explains the relationship of the Kingdom of Hawaii to the conflict prior to its annexation with America. The plaque dedicates this small memorial to the "Hawaii Sons of the Civil War." This is a small piece of both Union and Confederate history that left its mark on the islands of Hawaii. The plaque reads: He Ho’omana’o No (In Memory of) Dedicated to the brave souls from Hawaii who served in the American Civil War from 1861-1865. Although the Kingdom of Hawaii declared itself neutral in this great conflict, some Hawaii citizens joined the Union and the Confederate forces to fight for a cause they supported and to which they were willing to give their last full measure of devotion." This monument is sponsored by the Hawaii Sons of the Civil War Memorial Committee, the Hawaii Civil War Round Table, O’ahu Cemetery and many individuals. The National Memorial Cemetery lies within an inactive volcano on the island of Oahu, the unique shape of the crater resulting from a volcanic blast 75,000 to 100,000 years ago; thus, the informal name of the cemetery and the volcano. This site has been a resting place even years prior to the creation of the National Memorial Cemetery. In ancient Hawaiian culture the crater was called Puowaina which translates to “Hill of Sacrifice”. It was once used as an ancient burial and sacrificial site. The site now continues to be a resting place for the many soldiers of Hawaiian residents who participated in the United States Armed Forces. The National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific is a site where visitors can pay their respects and see the resting place of veterans from various battles of the U.S. Many of the soldiers and their family members who have been layed to rest at this memorial site have been previous residents of Hawaii. This site is both a place of historical education and memory.</span> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Office of the Quartermaster General, U.S. Army Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Administration, National Cemetery. “Va.gov: Veterans Affairs.” National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, May 11, 2015. https://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/nmcp.asp. 2. Caulfield, Claire, and Jessica Terrell. “The Surprising History of Hawaiians in the Civil War.” Honolulu Civil Beat, June 9, 2020. https://www.civilbeat.org/2020/05/the-surprising-history-of-hawaiians-in-the-civil-war/. 3. “National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Accessed November 24, 2021. https://www.nps.gov/places/national-memorial-cemetery-of-the-pacific.htm. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Cemetery Administration of the United States Department of Veteran Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 - Present Day Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mireya Blush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource National Cemetery Administration Relation A related resource Arlington National Cemetery Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Arlington National Cemetery Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Honolulu, Hawaii Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Memorial, Cemetery Cemetery Hawaii Honolulu National Cemetery Administration Punch Bowl Sons of Hawaii https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/699b5ebbf8963143abd9a3d4b57baae9.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HRNosFllRklJjloTuUjJpzLYNBSixRYgMjg4zmwMVQVVm659wv6sbSou7BwyCQwPn4XxBEG-du7fyLNn3HkLLuG9n%7E0lzWkI8-Eb6yuWvNZeGDvTU%7Eu0HwPNBpmQvHv8uqpwozEfxIBIRce%7ERHMWCu3kZu%7ExghqnOlRzPWytW2LhSC5izXB8CWSuhMjZvPt6xmdFBasaOG0T2BgpvqpAZFpru37ZzlAt09SifdonRr7HjVgC5txvFkRomUmoUaUPZVGorY3MW-oEnGp1jS01VgiORzuNVqYyuj9U2npoxhg%7EOCafcHyAYnz4xu9kEEJMTJV7kyXfppv-O6n4K1iARA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2b25b20669809539f3cf828d607de41c https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/49a377f516b69a1f6721df6205fb9785.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=T3oYsrJNwVYfD2fIBSJi1-fj7GzA0pXpJx5HpT1PqVqsp5BjZnegRncjIvSUy2jx1slJkXS0tVBltdH9mhmjBkXjojpumw-W6FGYIOFEf7Pglqos2hutsYsUV0NJQ2WquVyvIHhsIKKp8EO4iNRLGP2IxRPr8BNLm9iNSW0v85Rj6qhxGcNOBLJM3mvkgMp6coBmbjcn9yJek%7EMIcCBR4zGpT0TnGaTF7pVNBBfxfqxJMfZ9VRVCN6cCc-p1qEizE0hCD3PgRMESEH8Ueo1K8UwaOBM%7ELH1RwZBDLlf1xRi9Vks%7E6zEunviQvJ0BRLBcrAB15V%7EIiQNnK421waMgDw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ca2467bafef17c681db155a43454ee11 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8c2328f6e81374a07bcf217a40bfc062.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=kBNWuWHZiV1eHntmAWP870dY9wx8rw2xGdl2ABr9lPb6TlvjZTtkNj%7EmVGltpy5o7gVnR-5XgAAh3O%7EkMet2EpC-pGKvADlIuFJpiB3ugWsdpt3200P9uDL-wZ87LLew6y6TGdtFc3lC6gdzzwWa2laAM0v3DwO6T98svl-CA3Np%7EP1l1wQFGLwPqLuAB%7Ea1XnARQaC2i8LgCMyEq4m06MhhE1S1-flmeGY4xQseA27trMxDwZHLeAFb89p7%7EmWJzedAkofhsqOpS18HTRgu280IU35375kgjDUJ3kz2WCi0cdUz%7EarIUIBgypsHq1wCQikUeWB3rB4RStKwtUG%7Ejw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 26005058bb0e4b9dedee4f5ddc971938 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f0cbffcda483113789b84c69062486b3.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=mDoUsT0sBhgQekQ4gxdTFCL2X26hEuG1-hgkjAU1tYacU6hbhIPkxBFuQbS7YJqkmTz0EZDkHRzhhZ3sWFXDP9dIapea0vPb5uzt9JLXpvpHua7rZJqJJIUWexyPzSLu-w4i3NhrTnBGXnDMxYXa5rjpAn6vEo03izm-yB1%7EDXoueDASVnSxq8QqAXa7BhwcucPFt2PYGQ9o5kBsHudNQTSCAInoSa84%7EP5-%7E-r%7EMKL40aG7y62iEsBj3VM37C4H--TmZMSelh70mVqEACn804AsxROpiUn54BJVsrkNmbKJ%7ExyUoSxI1EpDQIqYGQuFJg1CsKHcTvPTw4nKl8Q9Ew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 335bd490de548e5c5eba7367a42a2470 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/cf796221cf9d779d4ec371dc65dac17a.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=QpWOUZmadOLyf8pC1Uswr-UtO6KI1vfhBluaIDmfJwClidhyEXdjcITcDBIwJVRR%7ENsPKgPHNoZZ0fbPngQvGae17yVEZAQq7GGNwwC-O7w3PmwX%7EdZuaqTdD6wpTuCmv5D668GwfbZNIcTqm%7Ecqj6B7zeHOg0nhLYxprvmb-KOn0nopqBFi0mA6Nksfh5WOGlGz5mEVSeGAO-oBRWDFBAkX7qNehxF3G3HT-nxqcmPrc-r%7E6VNz5ZQxt8pOChcH041WLWYJ7a0RcHeGH1T5x5PxB3wmvULh01EEh80H39sEcYpE5177a13DsbAcqGfzFC1AorvWQI5Tio-R7oa7bQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f6e1eca581d3b22a3ecb1afc51af8961 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/7d76f6a17b30679838d7546ba66ad49b.jpeg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=jAzB-ui52Oe0KnKXuu-D9oRbwnjmZLjerHvvv0ktP0NsrNsYmdMeF4lgCGrzajGpr0gnOCj2Q3hJyoIzAuC-C-9qKN9K1MyKDmGWJNNmg3wdF-kyw2kZBJ%7EM9XpwVCQVo3vlF8ULxR3L7bNWRjtaxmVuz89FkiULDBKfrGtxFxlYecmsyP80oS%7EEcWlfyKtjIgjcBSyvIQ3AEn-uqTFN0iGmRhFKlQ59Nc-sgRzgOU03vHN%7EKkDz3m8FG2%7EjrEZUxrPSlroVbySfnAottyIRDi9kBC0PtvJc3w6tzTkAZDOgtscPo-MnFpallxz01A7b2ZUtnf5oyitfr5LAug9X6A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9e78523c0d4e5289d44fcb8379ad526c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Our Confederate Dead, Anderson County Courthouse, Anderson, South Carolina Description An account of the resource This Confederat monument is located in Anderson County, Anderson, South Carolina. The statue is of native Anderson County Confederate soldier William Wirt Humphreys. The statue was made to honor all Confederate soldiers from Anderson County and the idea of it began in 1886. The real planning began in 1891 when local school teacher Leonora Hubbard encouraged her young students to raise money for the statue's development. This inspired many of the locals and sixteen years later in 1902, the monument was unveiled. The statue has inscriptions on the north, west, and south sides. On the side pointing north, there is a Palmetto tree--symbol of South Carolina--over crossed swords on top of a laurel wreath. This sign represents the Confederate cavalry. On the lower side of that inscription, there is a Battle Flag and a section of the poem "The Conquered Ban" by American poet and Confederate proponent Father Abram Joseph Ryan. On the west side, there is an inscription, “CSA” and a cannon that represents the Confederate artillery. On the lower die is inscribed a list of the great battles of the war. On the south side of the monument, there is another inscription that represents the Confederate navy. And finally, on the east side, there is an inscription that says "Our Confederate Dead," where the monument gets its name. According to a 2017 <em>Greenville News</em> article, the monument is surrounded by a steel fence after protests began throughout the south asking for Civil War monuments to be removed. According to the article, this particular statue had not yet been targeted but the fence was put there as a precaution against vandalism. As of June 2020, after the Black Lives Matter protests, there is a petition to remove it. <span>The County Council had a meeting to debate the removal. County has no control because it is up to the state. They are hoping to relocate it if the state allows it. </span> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 1902 by Citizens of Anderson County. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. "Anderson Confederate Monument Erected in Jan.1902." Accessed 09 December 2021. http://andersonobserver.com/news/2017/8/17/anderson-confederate- monument-erected-in-jan-1902.html 2. "Anderson County Confederate Monument." Accessed 09 December 2021. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=155713 3. "Editorial: The fate of Confederate monuments should reside with local residents" Accessed 09 December 2021. https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/opinion/2017/09/06/editorial-fate-confederate-monuments-should-reside-local-residents/637243001/ "Growing calls to remove Confederate monument in Anderson" https://www.wyff4.com/article/growing-calls-to-remove-confederate-monument-in-anderson/32804240# Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource The idea to make a monument was first brought up in 1886 on "Declaration Day" but it was not unveiled until 1902. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Confederate Monument Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tribute to Confederate soldiers in the United States. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Andrea Mercado, Raylene Castellano Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021 Anderson County Civil War Court House Military South South Carolina