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Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Our Confederate Dead, Anderson County Courthouse, Anderson, South Carolina Description An account of the resource This Confederat monument is located in Anderson County, Anderson, South Carolina. The statue is of native Anderson County Confederate soldier William Wirt Humphreys. The statue was made to honor all Confederate soldiers from Anderson County and the idea of it began in 1886. The real planning began in 1891 when local school teacher Leonora Hubbard encouraged her young students to raise money for the statue's development. This inspired many of the locals and sixteen years later in 1902, the monument was unveiled. The statue has inscriptions on the north, west, and south sides. On the side pointing north, there is a Palmetto tree--symbol of South Carolina--over crossed swords on top of a laurel wreath. This sign represents the Confederate cavalry. On the lower side of that inscription, there is a Battle Flag and a section of the poem "The Conquered Ban" by American poet and Confederate proponent Father Abram Joseph Ryan. On the west side, there is an inscription, “CSA” and a cannon that represents the Confederate artillery. On the lower die is inscribed a list of the great battles of the war. On the south side of the monument, there is another inscription that represents the Confederate navy. And finally, on the east side, there is an inscription that says "Our Confederate Dead," where the monument gets its name. According to a 2017 <em>Greenville News</em> article, the monument is surrounded by a steel fence after protests began throughout the south asking for Civil War monuments to be removed. According to the article, this particular statue had not yet been targeted but the fence was put there as a precaution against vandalism. As of June 2020, after the Black Lives Matter protests, there is a petition to remove it. <span>The County Council had a meeting to debate the removal. County has no control because it is up to the state. They are hoping to relocate it if the state allows it. </span> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 1902 by Citizens of Anderson County. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. "Anderson Confederate Monument Erected in Jan.1902." Accessed 09 December 2021. http://andersonobserver.com/news/2017/8/17/anderson-confederate- monument-erected-in-jan-1902.html 2. "Anderson County Confederate Monument." Accessed 09 December 2021. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=155713 3. "Editorial: The fate of Confederate monuments should reside with local residents" Accessed 09 December 2021. https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/opinion/2017/09/06/editorial-fate-confederate-monuments-should-reside-local-residents/637243001/ "Growing calls to remove Confederate monument in Anderson" https://www.wyff4.com/article/growing-calls-to-remove-confederate-monument-in-anderson/32804240# Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource The idea to make a monument was first brought up in 1886 on "Declaration Day" but it was not unveiled until 1902. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Confederate Monument Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tribute to Confederate soldiers in the United States. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Andrea Mercado, Raylene Castellano Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021 Anderson County Civil War Court House Military South South Carolina https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/178fb2f99891bd1dc3e6b7ad2b35c678.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=TEoQFSqAE-tEEeI-PYivJG9V6NhyOIZnbjsnCoc38xY8SWrXYoQ92URyyvgtobcRVLe5tvyaythBy5Yk2c0FKwUktIgKkiFDMo318iMgJNPlyWaKJUdUbBZGcmaeSxuR%7EliT4fEK6Z4cfsXTxIlCpKXxiUm2qRrTRQdTH08fNb9Q147rw1-S1q85OI70yFxICusoiYjPqItDz96shKcpe0A-NzYm46vGOBkJP4XYU53lamUBMFW91orwJhUXPczmiXvl0pyplIZKhtczf91hzWaCvyGpUrSKVEEWkOclZ3wP86ESUGCSjjNpQl7MKj45TZfwsb3E9g0iC8oIaEXFig__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3aa9c4229cb97142de7a69454795d5ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Statue in Downtown Ft. Myers, Florida. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tom Hall Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, FL Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2a88f261fafffd3fcb21116e786c1370.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=O6pHw4DNKox21pe0mLa%7E0zGYxLAY9aI5tQjty8cdeeZBnExDZLZx70LTvVBb7l-DFjk8B5smcj2iFQpMBvKNpSYudZ546xCEzQWpa%7En7xPzvezT8RyjOfme4LbOXY5DQVYsM9fsAEXQmDeir8EdshdmKr9UoklTIDqS5aKmgl8o2jO0NW986yF-k8Gq6HU-mLRpB0oFYAigMpwP63NeH1y51VL6-tqJIn3iaN7OsCc3%7EBqVdbw56uWmRt0-xQeh0EO5Fem0AY0aSAAaTScVUkGZucDTa0K9VmFNRtIAcWKRfXR5%7EMzo9VPHGQiMWE0FlXHMxHsOLvbhHhKrEZ1LGkg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0d8fab58e15fc87ad7c2985e3d3bdfeb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dedication on the Robert E. Lee Monument. Ft Myers, FL. Description An account of the resource Inscription: "The erection of this monument was sponsored by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Fort Myers chapter, and completed in 1966 A.D. with the assistance of the citizens of Lee County in honor of the man for whom this county was named." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Tom Hall & Artsswfl.com Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource image/JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, FL https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e03580353b4d5f0e496e319b7b28d062.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=nzfkPWz22d1yw3ozRWDloM098eoULaf5FDhRVgsYIEHCGqo0y7lKU2WXJu1gaaQGGr0Mwz7NztBifgabzQR7IYc3LInB8bp%7EWOluwFIhT5jSMA6kdCRhsWj17s3nzWFc9z25xqzI65-Sr7ZTuujvzwDxbkhsB1rU0HRGW4xsDVTgoieT%7EQ1gZc2ia%7EXX6NmngCO95FJPHEj7CgthMSr6pHP9zld6QN4o60xhKMSUOKdyYtLfZkDDtV4PztyYb7tD4iBX5XLIURFRo66YshkXYdwDQ0QNugqDRNgRL0YTt1svLomUmNCd8vc75lNSnytwhOoTotIQ6v7ZSXR9z-yt8A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c8aaca9b2fa3424b5f61394d1976c449 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Statue Vandalized Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 10 Tampa Bay & wtsp.com Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 10 Tampa Bay & wtsp.com Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ft. Myers, Florida. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Bust, Fort Myers, FL Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Madison Hardrick Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Fort Myers, FL Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aldo Pero and Laetitia Ashmore Nutt chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A 2023 Description An account of the resource The Robert E. Lee bust in Downtown Fort Myers, Florida was sculpted by Aldo Pero and installed on January 19, 1966. This bust was commissioned by the Laetitia Ashmore Nutt chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). Fort Myers is located inside Lee County, Florida. The county was named after Robert E. Lee in 1887 despite Robert E. Lee never visiting the offshoot of Monroe County. Lee County seceded from Monroe County after a dispute regarding funding for a local high school that burned down. The namesake was decided by Francis Asbury Hendry, a politician, cattle rancher, and military officer for the Confederacy in Ft. Myers. At the base of this monument, there was a time capsule provided by James William Clifford, a member of the Civil War Commission in 1966. The time capsule held Confederate and Union bullets, union shell fragments, a Confederate buckle, a Confederate sword guard, and other memorabilia. The Robert E. Lee bust has faced vandalism in recent years; it has been completely removed from its pedestal and thrown on the ground. The monument's controversy and affiliation to white supremacy have caused internal debates among the Ft. Myers communities. It has since been removed by the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) for “polishing and retouching” but it is unclear who owns the statue. The statue has been removed twice from its pedestal to be refurbished in its history. However, Robert E. Lees bust was permanently removed from downtown Ft. Myers in June 2020 after peaceful protests, work with the NAACP, and following discussions about racial injustices within the community. This bust sits in opposition to the Union memorial “Clayton” that sits facing the water at Ft. Myers Centennial Park. Originally “Clayton” faced toward the city-center but was rotated towards the river in 2020. Many have seen this rotation as disrespectful and unbecoming of the city. Inscription: "The erection of this monument was sponsored by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Fort Myers chapter, and completed in 1966 A.D. with the assistance of the citizens of Lee County in honor of the man for whom this county was named." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Calligan, Tara. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” South Florida Times, March 26, 2019. https://www.sfltimes.com/news/robert-e-lee-bust. Hall, Tom. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” ArtSWFL.com. Accessed December 1, 2023. http://www.artswfl.com/public-art-2/fort-myers-river-district-public-art-2/robert-e-lee-bust/robert-e-lee-bust. Montoya, Melissa. “Robert E. Lee Statue Removed from Downtown Fort Myers.” Press, June 2, 2020. https://www.news-press.com/story/news/local/2020/06/02/robert-e-lee-bust-removed-fort-myers-post/5316700002/. Perdomo, Andrea. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” ArtSWFL.com, August 18, 2020. http://www.artswfl.com/public-art-2/fort-myers-river-district-public-art-2/robert-e-lee-bust/robert-e-lee-bust. “Robert E. Lee Bust.” South Florida Times, March 26, 2019. https://www.sfltimes.com/news/robert-e-lee-bust. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: Janauary 19, 1966 Vandalized: March 2019 Removed: June 2020 Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze bust on Gray Georgia granite. Florida Robert E. Lee United Daughters of the Confederacy Vandalism https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/061b1127294666cdf407ea14f2fab7fa.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=vLltVleRBczOHAlCh5jqul1Miw1GrPCrq%7ER0-f3M6zo63GFGP5euUVGNXXqM2Q2W6X6lZCAIe9%7EHWk6bs7Lkd%7EuxTOyB7ZYyz755I-FPmY9DGIxaLMuts1FuBsO9B3rvg4jHR1EtiZ9i2JexPpkgU1abbtbWb1RmO9t3VZuAOSWfhT%7EiSr-flakK-u6nud6HHDT7UFwVIRDE-F8ovxrBuQPnxeaYPf8cU%7Ep2EL6l2hOlMaRCzEYljFZCLyd5hkUn4uDXY2evyWjwaPjYqOC3UExRFK7vEIX6m8wOfytkO-h3Zfmd561fiKFgMmca0mb-841RPKAbVx9Tyf0AvqWPDw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9049f3b09a0ad8a7ece8581c54b34427 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Description An account of the resource The Robert E. Lee Monument in New Orleans, LA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wally Gobetz Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Creative Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 17, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Vargas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1dcad2e91272fb6ed20e4160deb97b2c.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=sZoHEpfI6ujeolMXb1jlsREscAz-mqv4pv7imd4mmzd2Gvcb2cLgeZwqDUFIodQRfn2T-mlP4IA21qmXzHjOQPtzH1TIxdJgBEiQe3maR1EBMQqh-lP8MGYa9%7EO6w0ln0xQT7bV-%7EFu-PxEaZ5VdnrOa3pZ7Wl%7EmbHtKC6TBtNSeX8MGPiZn9PyOxY04xx1Dv5TwvFTaRwiZNPAZFOt310n1gCwiOMGDiQKT1%7E6gw5%7EEbG7J9gDFQWVHsRO0ur7opcDMvGjuuUQoLCjLK61K1hv8TNbCgFOiKG9iq%7ETmwhrop-UUkWXF--VIj3VZLWaRz7KbFOoXWz1Gy1g5kI%7Eopg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 44249a919673613859716e5b79a56311 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Monument at Lee Circle Description An account of the resource Robert E. Lee Monument at Lee Circle in New Orleans, LA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Lobo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Creative Commons Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Creative Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 31, 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Vargas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/63cbdc6d201f87294f4f2cd5bbb868f0.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=DPk33LTx7FWm3e-fF%7EzEV2aFOC1yGvfNw1XZTyt7CPsRtUwAMI%7ENGMCwFolF5PxgcTv94eVvzGMqrMLm9dR02oLAE58A3CH3PwkDuR-%7Ekmh9ZHymbPKS8KLC3Pw9sUI6fliFmk%7E%7EHEw%7E1bh99f1OiAixg5kasCOupOHYjaZNeTcWpMxY%7Elo-ioaOm5GPXi7XL6uzKLq7qN9KW1P9lYqbxI77FLGCUlABVBfG%7EkgJC%7E%7Et3gG93LbAPELHXVdb9Szi8ld-hRYSEA4U1VbTCMF0xmkSxGv1wJNY6ocoXnQC3C8Pa9BmQYKMauQ1qewjUfErK2BpV0RVbvBGFfHZBlb7cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 535b7729df87d225614899423d0b3c4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Removal of the Robert E. Lee Monument, New Orleans, LA. Description An account of the resource The Robert E. Lee sculpture is removed from its base in Lee Circle. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Infrogmation of New Orleans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 19, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Vargas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Free reuse with author attribution in accordance with any of the licenses listed by the author/photographer. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Orleans: The Jewel of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luca Azuma, Jon Hall, Nicole Hallenbeck, Julia Vargas Description An account of the resource <strong>Overview<br /></strong><br />The New Orleans Collection is a commentary on the contested legacy of the civil war, and an effort to bring to light historical evidence that is very relevant to the circumstances swirling about places of interest in the Southern United States. As the site of physical confrontations manifesting the ideological clashes of our time, the monuments here tell a story about race in America, from the ways in which they were funded and constructed to their significance as objects attempting to narrate history in the United States. Most prominent among the controversies surrounding the city's Confederate legacy was the 2017 removal of the Robert E. Lee statue following the 2015 Chaleston church shooting and the 2017 Charlottesville Unite the Right Rally. Covered closely by national media, the saga was high-stakes, from legal battles to death threats, but the Lee monument finally came down in May 2017. The Mayor of New Orleans at the time, Mitch Landrieu, accompanied the event with a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csMbjG0-6Ak" target="_blank" title="&quot;Full speech: Mitch Landrieu addresses removal of Confederate statues&quot;" rel="noreferrer noopener">speech</a> in which he acknowledged the city's ties to slavery and called for monuments in remembrance of the darker side of New Orleans's history to create "healing and understanding" in the community. In light of these events, our collection explores three monuments as part of the history of New Orleans: the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum, the Battle of Liberty Place monument, and the Charles Didier Dreux Monument, all of which contribute to our understanding of the Confederate legacy in the city itself and the country at large. <br /><br /><strong>Why New Orleans?<br /><br /></strong>New Orleans’ historical importance rested in its geographical location near the Mississippi River’s mouth and the Gulf of Mexico. The city’s commercial waterway accessibility thereby transformed it into a central sea-trading hub, which, throughout the Colonial and Antebellum periods of U.S. history, also made it the country’s largest slave-market. <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Its direct participation with and economic dependence on slavery resulted in its Civil War status as the Jewel of the Confederacy, which unified the city’s elite under a socio-political consensus. For most of that war, however, Union General Benjamin F. Butler and his forces occupied the city. That combined with Reconstruction only reinforced the elite’s Confederate sympathies and led to their adoption of the Lost Cause narrative. From the wealth acquired from the Antebellum and Gilded Age economies, they built monuments in New Orleans as totems to the Confederacy, Lost Cause, and White supremacy.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The three archives in this collection all contextualize Louisiana’s history as pertinent to one’s understanding of the Confederate monuments and memorials herein. Each archive was chosen for its representation of the following: 1) removal during the post-Charlottesville protests in 2017; 2) removal sometime after 2017; and 3) not removed as of 2020. This collection thereby becomes useful for one’s knowledge of each chosen monument/memorial’s direct connection to the larger history of racism within Louisiana and the U.S.</span></p> <strong>Present Controversies<br /><br /></strong>Activist groups in New Orleans are currently organizing to have the city remove its remaining Confederate monuments. Take ‘Em Down NOLA’s website lists Confederate monuments in New Orleans as well as parks, schools and streets named after members of the Confederacy. They also provide background information on the people the monuments are dedicated to and list their status (remaining, removed by the city, removed by protestors, etc.) Take ‘Em Down draws connections between Confederate monuments, the broader history of the Civil War, and present battles against racism and police brutality. They created a list of objectives and believe that the removal of these monuments is the first step in order for New Orleans to make reparations for its part in the slave trade.<br /><br />There are also groups that work in opposition to activist groups in New Orleans. The Monumental Task Committee is a tax-exempted, non-profit organization in the city that restores Confederate monuments. Their work includes the removal of graffiti from the Charles Didier Dreux monument and the Samuel Lowenberg monument after they were vandalized by protestors. However, their website does not specifically voice support for the Confederacy, merely an admiration for the city’s “world-class art.”  They organized in 1989 after crowdsourcing funds to “rescue the abandoned Davis monument on Canal Street.”  The volunteers survey the city to count the statues and note any that need restoration. They are currently developing a “newer and more comprehensive city-wide monument restoration plan” and a large fundraising program. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <span style="font-weight:400;">1. <span>Robertson, Campbell. "Robert E. Lee Brought Down from Lofty 133-Year Perch." </span><i>New York Times (1923-Current File),</i><span> May 20, 2017. <a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2463357215?accountid=9840&amp;pq-origsite=primo">https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/historical-newspapers/robert-e-lee-brought-down-lofty-133-year-perch/docview/2463357215/se-2?accountid=9840.</a></span><a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2463357215?accountid=9840&amp;pq-origsite=primo"> </a><br /><br />Duhé, Bailey J. “Decentering Whiteness and Refocusing on the Local: Reframing Debates on Confederate Monument Removal in New Orleans.” In <em>Museum Anthropology</em> 41, no. 2 (Fall 2018): 120-25. </span><a href="https://doi-org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/10.1111/muan.12184"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://doi-org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/10.1111/muan.12184</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">2. Hunter, G. Howard. “Late to the Dance: New Orleans and the Emergence of a Confederate City.” In <em>Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association</em> 57, no. 3 (Summer 2016): 297-322. </span><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916946"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916946</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">3. Johnson, Walter. <em>Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market.</em> Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1999.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">4. Lugo, Liza and Liza Treadwell. <em>How Do Hurricane Katrina’s Winds Blow: Racism in 21st-Century New Orleans</em>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">5. Marler, Scott P. <em>The Merchants’ Capital: New Orleans and the Political Economy of the Nineteenth-Century South</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">6. Maxon, J. David. “‘Second Line to Bury White Supremacy’: Take ‘Em Down Nola, monument removal, and residual memory.” In the <em>Quarterly Journal of Speech</em> 106, no. 1 (2020): 48-71. </span><a href="https://doi-org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/10.1080/00335630.2019.1704428"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://doi-org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/10.1080/00335630.2019.1704428</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">7. Powell, Lawrence N. <em>The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans.</em> Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.</span><br /><br />8. <a href="http://takeemdownnola.org/why-it-matters"><span style="font-weight:400;">http://takeemdownnola.org/why-it-matters</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">9. <a href="http://monumentaltask.org/about/history/">http://monumentaltask.org/about/history/</a></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Monument/ Lee Circle, New Orleans Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexander Doyle, John Ray Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1884 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Vargas, Samuel McMillan (2023) Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New Orleans, LA Description An account of the resource The Robert E. Lee Monumental Association was established in 1870 upon the Confederate general’s passing. Led by William Perkins as president, this group of New Orleans citizens, many of whom were Civil War veterans, assembled for the sole purpose of erecting a monument to commemorate Lee. Although cultural struggles between Reconstruction and the Lost Cause narrative delayed plans for the memorial, sculptor Alexander Doyle was commissioned to create the statue [1], while John Ray was to construct the base. The bronze statue was 16 and a half feet tall, weighing in at almost 7,000 pounds. The pedestal on which it stood consisted of a 12-foot granite base and a 60-foot marble column [2]. <br /><br />The monument was unveiled on February 22, 1884 [3] . Its grandiose nature and placement on a traffic circle at St. Charles and Howard Avenues [4] inevitably made the monument a centerpiece in the city. It equated the honor with which the Association wanted to bestow onto their respected leader. The plaza, Tivoli Circle, was subsequently renamed Lee Circle and became a site for future civic celebrations [5]. The dedication day included distinguished guests, from Jefferson Davis and his daughters, Lee’s daughters Mary and Mildred, senators and foreign consuls, to justices of the supreme and state courts, and military officers. <br /><br />Much like other Confederate monuments, the removal of this statue was prompted by domestic tragedies carried out by white supremacists. New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu advocated for removing Confederate monuments in the city after the 2015 massacre of nine Black churchgoers in Charleston, SC [6], citing the harmful sentiments of racism, slavery, oppression, and the Lost Cause that they represent. For a couple of years, legal barriers prevented the swift removal of the monument. The Robert E. Lee Monument was taken down on May 19, 2017, one of four statues removed in New Orleans.<br /><br /><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/csMbjG0-6Ak?start=451" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. “Lee Circle,” R.E. Lee Monumental Association, accessed December 2, 2021, https://www.releema.org/lee-circle. 2. “History and Description of the Robert E. Lee Statue at Lee's Circle in New Orleans, Louisiana from the 1930s,” Louisiana Digital Library, 2007, https://louisianadigitallibrary.org/islandora/object/state-lwp%3A7939. 3. “Robert E. Lee,” The Times-Democrat, February 22, 1884, p. 4. 4. “Asset Detail,” National Parks Service (U.S. Department of the Interior, March 13, 1991), https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/AssetDetail?assetID=8037cbec-19ee-4c8f-abaa-d7ec61fd6d09. 5. Shelby Narike, Amber Nicholson, and Herbert Spurlock, “Robert E. Lee Monument - Stop 1 of 4 in the Confederate Monuments in New Orleans Tour,” New Orleans Historical, May 12, 2016, https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1279. 6. Richard Gonzales and Amy Held, “New Orleans Takes down Statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee,” NPR (NPR, May 19, 2017), https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/19/529130606/new-orleans-prepares-to-take-down-statue-of-gen-robert-e-lee. 19th Century CSA Leaders Lee Circle Louisiana New Orleans Removed Robert E. Lee Sculpture https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1dd87df9322c7bde7b6f7ccf3e0ceec8.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=BibfrfIxlblNk8fKiWP-5CtPOxheZBViXQ1ccSfHNPOtpHGwxluj84uVnnC0DzYNAiPfQLbKkN3MCOki7TchXYDpy%7Ez2GyCCSII2%7Ewaw9b-ver5-lJvRz8I8qCLS1MfDwLwgprgrb%7EcxT4F3KiBMnQ-ECCNPW2yyU9a8epVJd70SCkS-%7EGEsvLy2h4zzxwEZX9nzVr1V2maug-n3ZRiK0%7EAtByRd7JP-h-Jp1l2dpkAfvqTrhG92ymLT%7EExxt8XDuVsiWiQLqOxV5uxr4V6LscSXBwf469c6sH7o-cEOMuTDKoU68TgyBlr4tLX3fe6FP2bMbJlrJNZNNbLdaCrLwg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f5a96d20a976939518796efb217b2661 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florida's Tribute to Women of the Confederacy Monument Description An account of the resource Shown in this picture is the exterior view of the monument that is dedicated to the women of the Confederacy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jud McCranie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wiki Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 May 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angela Minning Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons (CC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/92d886c7d5effef8995663ea61eb48ae.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=Vwz-Ntg7k0bsArOztf-Vp%7E%7ExODO7A2rI2dWzXXcKbwH7sDv4x7%7ENFyvq0lmYTI11R-YWzsYNSSCCvpFBh-yLcZr2RKJWnqUkbUc3cv6y2Fi5g-9ISEf2W4%7ExHJTEzT9tA6BSmbeW58yZ8Agh8nbDRrcOr3LIxEmiNgI4pPK0TRoiJlXBXp43cf-xn0JPRGJL0cJZq7%7E3U2ebMdoxAAch6r%7E5EdONsSED4x3FdEhljTTOsx1anh16FUvM258Ff2NgbONj5bhmTqNuC52gRT07dh0jXslEePFy4cLjvoxnMCocNoCNgICpBKOT9tlVgXyNJ4Hm3WrmmNYIjMWaICQ0yQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 36d638b47c43e091a34e20356072927b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interior of the Women of the Confederacy Monument Description An account of the resource The seated female figure on the interior of the monument with two children placed on either side of the female. The female has her arms wrapped around both of the children, as they all look down upon a book placed in her lap. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Judson McCranie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wiki Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 May 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angela Minning Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons (CC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5fdbc535b86c6c88c51e02bb42a7e3ff.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=T2k3HUR-hKVOE2or91LtZGYx8vkg7VithtseHn%7EQlVHo%7EPYYSw2Guyo6CPiKqEaCK7iB3KcIfbElfXRHtqqr%7Et6bAWe-f9GM3tSXrifcJTB6C2QLGNXylpOep0%7ErsjHOSPkYO4sSGy%7ENDzl12js7Xpxh63eSZ-315ZK1QR35ybVc9QccAv%7E-ZkNU3xTkzzrMu13ofGu8PAeBvM7x7Xx3mryenw36KL1FOO5PriOd5TfTTN2H7k9lYI0roBDatdX6zzuK%7E83FOpzlbx5X0ZfQgpjRg-tJ4xWfvu1CsBHJtuFdDM85FDnj88n4idKh3tyP0VzFNzdznDnv2nRkS9VP-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM afcb0ad53db518356c85d7e8a5feaa18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Women of the Confederacy Plaque Description An account of the resource This is the plaque that is placed in the center of the monument. The description on the plaque has been altered numerous times throughout the years since it was erected in 1915. Inscription: (Center) Let this mute but eloquent structure speak to generations to come, of a generation of the past. Let it repeat perpetually the imperishable story of our women of the 60’s. Those noble women who sacrificed their all upon their country’s altar. Unto their memory, the Florida Division of the United Confederate Veterans affectionately dedicates this monument. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jud McCranie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wiki Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 May 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angela Minning Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons (CC) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Madison Hardrick, Samuel Mcmillan, Michael Westfall Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Florida Description An account of the resource Florida: Confederate Memory in the Sunshine State is a collection of monuments that contextualize the lost cause within the southernmost portion of the United States. The Lost Cause infiltrated Southern values and ways of life to support the economic structures of the South. Florida's involvement in the Civil War began with providing troops, cattle, and food supplies to the Confederacy.[1] Florida also was the site of the Battle of Olustee in Baker County, Florida. This battle was the largest on Florida soil and its aim was to control the Confederate food supply. In more recent years Florida has become one of several battlegrounds over the prevalence of Lost Cause narratives. A bill HB-7 has been passed which limits the discussion of race in K-12 education. The new legislation led to the banning of AP African American studies courses for violating the new guidelines it created.[2] Alterations to the existing curriculum included an emphasis on how slaves benefited from their work and an ending emphasis on the Ocoee massacre in which a white mob killed dozens of African American citizens to stop them from voting.[3] These changes have led to a whitewashing of the experience of enslaved people and ignored the violence African Americans faced after Reconstruction. These sorts of events represent how the Lost Cause continues to be alive and well and the monuments which this collection discusses are an integral part of the maintenance of this narrative. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Weitz, Seth. “Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost ... - Wiley Online Library.” Defending the Old South: The Myth of the Lost Cause and Political Immorality in Florida, 1865–1968, 2009. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00232.x. 2. Najarro, Ileana Florida’s. "New African American History Standards: What’s Behind the Backlash." Education Week. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07. 3. Hoffmann, Carlee, Carlee Hoffman, and Claire Strom. “A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot of 1920.” The Florida Historical Quarterly 93, no. 1 (2014): 25–43. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487653. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florida’s Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy, Jacksonville Description An account of the resource The idea of erecting a monument to the brave women of the Confederacy began at a reunion of the Florida Division of the United Confederate Veterans (UCV) at Dignan Park in 1900. Not until 1909 did the UCV put their plans into action. They raised $12,000 for the monument, and another $13,000 was contributed by the Florida Legislature. In February 1912, the U.C.V. signed a contract with the McNeel Marble Company of Marietta Georgia, to design and install the monument at a grand cost of $25,000. The division called upon sculptor Allen Newman, who was previously known for his other memorials such as "Triumph of Peace" and "The Doughboy". The monument is a large canopy structure with a standing female placed on top while a seated female figure is placed inside the structure. The standing female is wearing a drape and holding an unfurled flag in her right arm. She stands atop a small tiered base on the roof of the temple. The seated figure wears a draped gown and is seated on a chair inside the temple. The woman represents the embodiment of the “Lost Cause” movement, which minimizes the role of slavery in the Confederacy and Civil War and portrays the Confederacy as a heroic fight for independence. Beside her stands two children, a small boy who stands to her right while a small girl stands on her left. Her arms wrapped around both of the children as they look down upon the open book placed on her lap. This grouping rests on a granite base. The four figures are made of bronze while the base, floor, columns, and roof are made of granite. The four panels that are placed under the roof are made of marble, with a bronze plaque placed in the center. On the bronze plaque, there is an inscription that dedicates this monument to the women of the Confederacy. Let this mute but eloquent structure speak to generations to come, of a generation of the past. Let it repeat perpetually the imperishable story of our women of the 60’s. Those noble women who sacrificed their all upon their country’s altar. Unto their memory, the Florida Division of the United Confederate Veterans affectionately dedicates this monument. Currently, the future is unknown for this monument. In June 2020, the monument was defaced during the Black Lives Matter protests. It was splattered with red paint and graffitied with the letters "BLM." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Allen George Newman (Sculptor), United Confederate Veterans (Sponsor), Florida Legislature (Contributor), Jno. Williams, Inc. (Founder), McNeel Marble Works (Contractor) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Endnote<br /><br />1. Zarilla, Olivia. "A Tribute to the Women of the Southern Confederacy Monument."<br />Clio: Your Guide to History. October 10, 2020. https://theclio.com/entry/116803.<br /><br /><br />2. Zarilla, Olivia. "A Tribute to the Women of the Southern Confederacy Monument."<br />Clio: Your Guide to History. October 10, 2020.<br />https://theclio.com/entry/116803.<br /><br /><br />3. “Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.” SIRIS, n.d. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&amp;profile=ariall&amp;source=~%21siartinventories&amp;uri=full#focus.<br /><br /><br />4. Zarilla, Olivia. "A Tribute to the Women of the Southern Confederacy Monument."<br />Clio: Your Guide to History. October 10, 2020.<br />https://theclio.com/entry/116803.<br /><br /><br />5. “Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.” SIRIS, n.d. https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&amp;profile=ariall&amp;source=~%21siartinventories&amp;uri=full#focus.<br /><br /><br />6. <span><span>Stroud, Mike. The Monument to Women of the Southern Confederacy, Historical Marker Database. Octobe</span></span><span><span>r 9th 2020.<br />https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=58820.<br /><br /><br />7. Zarilla, Olivia. "A Tribute to the Women of the Southern Confederacy Monument."<br />Clio: Your Guide to History. October 10, 2020. https://theclio.com/entry/116803.</span></span> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angela Minning, Alyssa Nusbaum Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze, Granite and Marble Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Jacksonville, FL Language A language of the resource English 20th Century Florida Jacksonville Springfield Park United Confederate Veterans Women https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/36f66084ac559e000462f10528ec2e15.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=WNgTduI2ooeOw5h6mgwLMEf5nkNROoQz%7EqVyxyP0OopCP6pVIv5X95ItiC3cZg993SjyaEuiQ%7E-1NYw1Em26TXCiEC%7ETSCq5-8STjMus7gD5QEbiTceX7mplr9IuOyWSY9qIqmDRIwdMarIJxaRToz97CvzLvSff0Vsd8LRi6Z9yUN7xkntiPHpW8Ng0bLcdeZ67G4408rNi2VNj%7ESU2RsBtbxHN8dgeU9FE6WZG8gzEG27rtLpuG-uWJZXrmdYIB8V5HEmLHhCrC5P1xGiZtno8wTX%7EVC4-RcKkqIUDssE9uU3wsJpkUDf68qjV%7E97fYoAAIZgExxuPgOW%7EtQJBiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 429cd1f8356c2801ab328c35e764db69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "At Ready" Monument Description An account of the resource Statue of "Johnny Reb" in "at ready" stance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Billy Hathorn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_soldier_monument,_Charlottesville,_VA_IMG_4215.JPG">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 27, 2011 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 Unported Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charlottesville: Monumental Changes Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Matthew Mulcaire, Sally Hy, Jacob Sandusky, Joey Baum, Julia Vargas, Sergio Sifuentes, Michael Westfall Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charlottesville, Virginia Description An account of the resource Charlottesville is an important location when considering the controversial topic of removing Confederate monuments. In 2017 it was the site of the Unite the Right rally, which was a rally conducted by white supremacists, neo-Nazis, and Klansmen among other white nationalist groups. These groups were protesting the removal of Confederate statues following the racially motivated 2015 Charleston church shooting. Among the monuments proposed for removal were statues of Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and the statue popularly known as Johnny Reb in Charlottesville. Many other monuments across the United States came under increased criticism as well. The rally turned violent as protestors and counter-protestors clashed, leading to more than thirty injuries and one death at the hands of a self-proclaimed white supremacist. This had the opposite intended effect and led to many statues being removed from fear of continued violence in cities across the United States. Some statues, like the statue of Johnny Reb in Charlottesville, have been removed and relocated to places where they can be presented in a way that better explains their context in American history. Others, such as the Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson monuments in Charlottesville, are still being contested under Virginia state law prohibiting the removal of war memorials. This law went into effect after the statues were erected however, leading to court proceedings holding up their removal. Other monuments, like the Confederate Dead Memorial in the University of Virginia cemetery, have had no action taken against them, though it has been noted that its presence near an unmarked slave cemetery is problematic. This city alone demonstrates the different voices on both sides of the debate. Outcomes have included removal and relocation, contestation by state government, and in some instances, little action taken. The city of Charlottesville stands as a significant modern battleground over the controversial debate on the removal of Confederate monuments. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "At Ready" Confederate Soldier Monument, Charlottesville Description An account of the resource “At Ready,” also popularly referred to as “Johnny Reb,” is a Confederate soldier monument in front of the Albemarle County Courthouse in Charlottesville, Virginia. The statue was unveiled in 1909 by the City of Charlottesville and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and represents the formation of the Monticello Guard, which was a militia company started in Virginia in 1857 that joined the 19th Virginia Infantry when they seceded from the Union in 1861. The statue was also accompanied by a time capsule containing Confederate memorabilia including a roster of the Albemarle chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, a brief history of the erection of the monument, and a pamphlet containing the history of Charlottesville up until 1909. This statue is one of the many across the country removed following the Unite the Right rally in 2017, which was initially a protest against the removal of confederate monuments, but violent outbursts at the event actually helped to accelerate the movement to remove them. It was removed by unanimous vote by the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors, and it was relocated for display at the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District in Waynesboro, Virginia in September of 2020 as the first area to remove a war memorial under new Virginia State law as of July 2020. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy, Jacob Sandusky Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource American Bronze Foundry Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charlottesville, VA Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Albemarle County Accepts Offer for At Ready and memorials at Court Square." <em>Albemarle County</em>. https://www.albemarle.org/Home/Components/News/News/108/ (accessed December 13, 2020).<br /><br />"Watch: A Virtual Tour of Charlottesville’s Johnny Reb Statue." <em>University of Virginia</em>. https://religionlab.virginia.edu/news/watch-a-virtual-tour-of-charlottesvilles-johnny-reb-statue/ (accessed December 13, 2020).<br /><br /><div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Woods, Charlotte Rene. "Albemarle County Votes to Remove Its Confederate Monuments from Court Square." <em>Charlottesville Tomorrow</em>. August 6, 2020. https://www.cvilletomorrow.org/articles/albemarle-county-votes-to-remove-its-confederate-monuments-from-court-square/ (accessed December 13, 2020).</div> <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rft.type=webpage&amp;rft.title=Albemarle%20County%20votes%20to%20remove%20its%20Confederate%20monuments%20from%20Court%20Square&amp;rft.description=A%20saga%20that%20began%20in%20Charlottesville%20City%20Hall%20four%20years%20ago%20is%20getting%20a%20new%20chapter%20added%20to%20it%20two%20blocks%20away%20in%20Albemarle%20County.%20Thursday%20night%2C%20followin&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvilletomorrow.org%2Farticles%2Falbemarle-county-votes-to-remove-its-confederate-monuments-from-court-square%2F"></span></div> 20th Century Charlottesville Common Soldier Relocated Sculpture United Daughters of the Confederacy Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b8387c67b5ba9d55173a882339045e59.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=loVBSJG6Ol2GBf4vsbXNQw50ZvNaSlnTgBaJGEQIrYZAXpoAlrWr2KykyeijFL-04G7hGItG4vdj8w5UrmeOEsSiL8pOQNjZJJDoKAFUT3fFAQbaC5fupf2OehmcJpbuKUPfYI7APRwGNAQbWB6zSAYykcsvMJCX-04tj9vLlv1G8AAMlR5wl1Sn8Bg5htJ7R6BNi20yBd2eEpfMdeSPAbN5f-IGkGMRXQL6OiT-bIFWi7RICtE7oI8MGIyuIMQ3%7EYx44mxVCEDCu-dtfwz0uyOq9Ahyg2Pz8ISxae3q9AV-FGdzGJ4wkjgevBXzrtIm7No1A9tMB2jAQmO2jpQFlg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c2aad7add941793dd2152db490ee3385 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <cite class="book" style="font-style: normal;" id="Reference-Taylor-1909"> <i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/centennialhistor01tayl#page/163/mode/1up">Centennial history of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio</a></i>, 1, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Chicago" class="extiw" title="w:en:Chicago">Chicago</a>: S J Clarke Publishing Company, p.&nbsp;163 </cite><br /><a href="163 https://archive.org/stream/centennialhistor01tayl#page/163/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=" Centennial history of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio">&nbsp;https://archive.org/stream/centennialhistor01tayl#page/163/mode/1up</a><br /> <p><span>[1]</span> William H. Knauss, The Story of Camp Chase: A History of the Prison and its Cemetery, Together with Other Cemeteries Where Confederate Prisoners Are Buried (Nashville: Publishing House of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Smith &amp; Lamar, Agents, 1906), xii-xiii, 62., <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090078106">https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090078106</a> (accessed December 10, 2020).</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons <br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_Chase_Memorial_in_1909.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Camp Chase Source">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_Chase_Memorial_in_1909.jpg</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG -Print Image -Scanned Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1909 Franklin County, Columbus,Ohio Title A name given to the resource Camp Chase Cemetery in 1909 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Alexander Taylor Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1925. Type The nature or genre of the resource JPEG-Print Image Description An account of the resource Cropped Image of Camp Chase from a <em><em>book called Centennial History of Columbus and Franklin County,Ohio<br /></em></em> <p>In 1893, William Knauss, a former Union soldier, settled in Columbus; he found the cemetery in a state of disorder and cleaned up the cemetery.&nbsp; Knauss came out with the idea to place a large boulder in the grounds’ center inscribing “2260 Confederate Soldiers of the war 1861-1865 buried in this enclosure.” Likewise, Knauss planned the first Memorial Day service at the Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery in 1895. The Memorial Day events continued under Knauss’s leadership. Later, in 1899, the Camp Chase Memorial Association was founded to request funds for decorating graves and erecting the memorial. The memorial, dedicated in 1902, consists of a stone arch and a Confederate soldier’s zinc sculpture at parade rest. Inscribing on the arch’s keystone “AMERICANS .”[1]</p> <p></p> <p></p> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/42d67cef8f7ca3285399e6fd3a132818.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=ASIQlLquPVX5TW2TxiMMVXK7XOjbRe-do9vlRT8TmdboxiC%7EEulZhT31Q%7EPmDiV34i5dHrSgtSuMs%7ETSZ2zt9iob7C2fzzYCd0E517NkV037bWYEBICq9Pqhp2ub3dz15vOmNAUpz37PykDJ6jJuS9v0C9LM%7E157tg2k8DaT0FRDj4qYVH6sHYhdSWacgyjRqwH3lpWiZYRPkpaKrXQN2GeqgK-zls5S%7ELu25itNzP18plSNN8bZ1XX6CAUcbU5au8A2sl1tE1OXnRwuPUXR3qxXqJay7HB3he0k1ibW6DjloBjKY%7Ej6eOjQJGKk1b7a6BORGr%7E3N3U9Bfv1eOwNPg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 12bdeb1abcd8cf427d58ff68c96a839f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camp Chase Stone and inscription Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George C Campbell Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_chase_2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_chase_2.jpg</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date Uploaded to Wikimedia April 14, 2006. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dominic Guerrero Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This work has been released into the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:en:public domain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">public domain</a></b> by its author, <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Georgeccampbell" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:User:Georgeccampbell" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Georgeccampbell</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:" target="_blank" rel="noopener">English Wikipedia</a></b>. This applies worldwide.<br /><small>In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so:</small><br /><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:User:Georgeccampbell" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:en:User:Georgeccampbell" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Georgeccampbell</a> grants anyone the right to use this work <b>for any purpose</b>, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.</i> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hilltop,Columbus.Ohio Description An account of the resource Photo of Unknown solider Monument Camp Chase<br /> <p>In 1906, the Federal Commission for Marking the Graves of Confederate Dead began the research needed to mark the men buried in the Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery. The old wooden headboards had long since deteriorated.&nbsp; White marble headstones began arriving in 1908, with the last ones set in 1910. Other improvements to the cemetery included iron fencing placed atop the stone wall to protect the cemetery from trespassers and a set of iron gates at the entrance.&nbsp; Later, to accommodate the memorial ceremonies held on-site, a covered platform was constructed. Except for Memorial Day and Confederate Decoration Day, Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery remained closed to the public. It finally opened year-round in the 1980s.Today, this roughly two-acre cemetery is the only reminder of the original Camp Chase facility.&nbsp; Beyond the cemetery’s walls are residential neighborhoods, a baseball field, and retail stores. In 1973, the National Register of Historic Places listed Camp Chase Site.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span>[1]</span></a></p> <p></p> <p></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span>[1]</span></a> “Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery Columbus, Ohio,” National Park Service, accessed December 10, 2020, <a href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html">https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html</a>.</p> <p></p> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/01d97a92fb8703065bd21fa4112a8450.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=LHDZs3bMRIzx6VZkHz8XTYWVi5HVfsYnolBCEa5d0AnY47xOjcirotTk9v-FqsAfOSWyd1YrYWFumWVMykmHIE%7EIsSMhea3Px5bqDs2RSeQKBCqexZGZKeSf5CMVD5oiD3JSyw27clBgBx3JcE71bj0PG3rQ1ncRjzssixGwJk4YPJgQ5fbCygcjpM6e2DAmHG5BgtKZMqH5ouXUpI4RqFIOF0s2m9vId5XvliVwJflaEXFIhPZU-gMow3NL3aG1RH-MaF2AA0lb67qxvKrCqcNrW-xWFxtKBj2R3OYhvEYFYGMVTVHCNOoXh6oNeX%7ExK8hezFuTbay-szY4xOBdDQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2ae8bdb72779fb948c8f154c2f386b88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monument Removed from Camp Chase Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Judson McCranie Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span>[1]</span></a> Beth Burger and Mark Ferenchik, “Vandals decapitate confederate soldier statue at Camp Chase cemetery,” <em>The Columbus Dispatch, </em>August 22, 2017, <a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery." target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery.</a></p> <p></p> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_Chase,_Columbus,_OH,_US_(12).jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons<br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_Chase,_Columbus,_OH,_US_(12).jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Camp_Chase,_Columbus,_OH,_US_(12).jpg</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 20, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dominic Guerrero Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons</a> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported</a> license Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG 6,000 × 4,000 pixels, file size: 27.79 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Original Size Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hilltop, Columbus, Ohio Description An account of the resource On August 22, 2017, the unknown soldier at Camp Chase Confederate monument was knocked over, and the soldier’s head decapitated. Police Lt. Clifton Dean stated that possibly occurred when striking the column in the fall to the ground. The vandals run away with the head and leaving the hat behind.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span>[1]</span><span></span><span></span></a> <p></p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Soldier Memorial, Camp Chase, Ohio Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dominic Guerrero Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected :1902-2017,Reinstalled 2019 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Granite Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402 [Fall 2020] Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Franklin County,Columbus,Ohio Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Architect : Unknown William H Knauss and the United Daughters of Confederacy and several other organizations contributed to fundraising. Description An account of the resource <p>Camp Chase is a Confederate Cemetery created on farmland outside of Columbus, Ohio. It began as a training facility preparing Ohio volunteers for the battlefronts of the Civil War. The camp extended its operations to include thousands of Confederate enlisted men after the Union victories.  About 2,000 Confederate soldiers died at the camp due to exposure to diseases and malnutrition. Camp Chase commemorates the men who died at the camp in addition to the many rows of peaked white marble headstones.<a href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html.%20%20%C2%A0" name="_ftnref1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>[1]</span></a><br /><br />On August 22, 2017, the unknown soldier at Camp Chase Confederate monument was knocked over, and the soldier’s head decapitated. Police Lt. Clifton Dean stated that possibly occurred when striking the column in the fall to the ground. The vandals run away with the head and leaving the hat behind. Douglas Ledbetter, Director of Dayton/Marion National Cemeteries, who is part of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Association, stated that he oversees Camp Chase. The soldier statue was standing near the arch facing north with the hat sitting on its headless body, and initially, the statue faced south. The Department of Veterans Affairs stated that it had no plans to take down Confederate monuments.<a href="#_ftn1"><span>[3]</span></a><br /><br />On May 1, 2019, the Confederate soldier’s statue was repaired and placed back at the Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery. On August 11 and 12, 2019, during a protest to remove Confederate monuments, a Toledo-area man drove against the protesters killing a woman and injuring dozens of people.<a href="#_ftn2"><span>[4]</span></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html.%20%20%C2%A0" name="_ftnref2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span></span></a></p> <p></p> <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span></span></a></p> <p><br />Click on Images to read addtional Imformatition</p> <p></p> <p></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span>[1]</span></a> “Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery Columbus, Ohio,” National Park Service, accessed December 10, 2020, https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html.</p> <p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span>[2]</span></a> “Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery Columbus, Ohio,” National Park Service, accessed December 10, 2020, <a href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html">https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/national_cemeteries/Ohio/Camp_Chase_Confederate_Cemetery.html</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090078106" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[3]</a> William H. Knauss, The Story of Camp Chase: A History of the Prison and its Cemetery, Together with Other Cemeteries Where Confederate Prisoners Are Buried (Nashville: Publishing House of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Smith &amp; Lamar, Agents, 1906), xii-xiii, 62., <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090078106">https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090078106</a> (accessed December 10, 2020).</p> <p><a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>[4]</span></a> Beth Burger and Mark Ferenchik, “Vandals decapitate confederate soldier statue at Camp Chase cemetery,” <em>The Columbus Dispatch, </em>August 22, 2017, <a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery">https://www.dispatch.com/news/20170822/vandals-decapitate-confederate-soldier-statue-at-camp-chase-cemetery</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190501/repaired-statue-of-confederate-soldier-reinstalled-at-camp-chase-cemetery" title="[4]"><span>[5]</span> </a>Mark Ferenchik, “Repaired Statue of Confederate Soldier Reinstalled at Camp Chase Cemetery,” <em>The Columbus Dispatch, </em>May 1, 2019, <a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190501/repaired-statue-of-confederate-soldier-reinstalled-at-camp-chase-cemetery" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190501/repaired-statue-of-confederate-soldier-reinstalled-at-camp-chase-cemetery.</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190501/repaired-statue-of-confederate-soldier-reinstalled-at-camp-chase-cemetery" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> </a></p> 20th Century Cemetery Columbus Common Soldier National Register of Historic Places Ohio Sculpture United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/53b877c06a70c5dfb8fa76f9a0e00e13.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=Il1f7mIo8hFuCQKUPP%7Ee3fLp4MxnxBSIwpw1kjE1O90XoDCLsZ-Qxd0A3i16fL3HmKvdbeFK%7EzwHTDR6YUWgP8Ddoy-UY7-QojYukCYFl%7E953mJIvX%7ER03LuIj1-yCGp86cKAfMgRRSx-DD2sS7yGy76IuzoTXlbapTGoM41B%7EWW-FyDtCfnxEwZRquXfXaQCrlc45rSYQ94LAIXvCWl1JLRit4rcX462%7EbiqG7Vb%7ED9khbhPjvn0i4bmj0uZSJhAWlzhSKr88Kgt%7EEjhWmN0NH3oyOLrf9vwcOM0EacWRSdGex3TuZVlyuDjTox0zD3s7eqhweQ-qvbPrzzjyqCwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 27c3d1842b695e35adafefa6d341b95b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tennessee Monument to Confederate Women Subject The topic of the resource Women Confederate Monumnet Description An account of the resource Monument to the women of Tennessee in the War between the States, dedicated October 10, 1926, sculpted by Belle Kinney Scholtz. Located in the War Memorial Plaza, Nashville Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wiki Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=womens+confederate++tn&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5027278f771979058a9d2dd86fcc39e3.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=N3%7Epc3sZdFRMa2BMI%7Evt3to6hJQY8DfDMOM8hCSliuqp18ynxD07VKuRADV4RM6Ktw7PsbO3%7EQPf9TQIcYvG9BsJ5qB8ndj7fG2SjBWgNXXjHm7mUGh1kdlIQSoXnMryTzIFPmZxL1ykcgbk%7E1yhSlSi1ldCirWHndKRnMo1qWdOSA2XgQQ8xYe8T6VJFBh5CUB140LK0vrRBzU7cDMjfTYfCfvYtJmswqqpkro06dBHy14NQX81AL%7EefzCYxyUDMiwG67QIlyj4CStvshDpGvrk-Nm9lH4g4tmuhThynl71FWzEZyq9YJVCPD4U4U2JzMxs5KPKrDVW1hCYZudcdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6560f1aed58dace0a7a8a0959475df2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tennessee Women's Confederate Monument Description An account of the resource Monument to the women of Tennessee in the War between the States, dedicated October 10, 1926, sculpted by Belle Kinney Scholtz. Located in the War Memorial Plaza, Nashville Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource creative commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Confederate womens monument Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tennesee State Library and Archive https://tnsos.org/tsla/imagesearch/citation.php?ImageID=4963 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/9f663fd17b52df46d0f4354b87bb3fd2.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=stJV8ESGJbGOvTvFqTTojYW8VS7qSUW%7EhO2JwbNP8elt8EaeC%7E6OBiacQA0XXyqu7V6AglQEj2%7E-JWPjPF2sQj3cOGNwaBPfzGj2IqPNdZjrk1V7079%7ECyT8ysbu%7E99oNFx6S9DwhTLHhYWmcfTctuAVjrnjerplI2sSOoKoCeG5oFDcMmHkAV%7EWnwYIgs9WIorx10vnB3nqCJzvoU03eIFYYoSVkXAxDwRig5-9YzWIPLAhKCGlkelTBxvSAEDGnLJCFNGzYMjRP9XMBxp2kxuU6I4wKXPMYmwyQ4GZqzUa7%7EZEfsWouaIBdwV0-VdDcbX9ETEZ8kuzAYfRwAnm8w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 44f892bbcc4c60b6e720b0d1ca4a053c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plaque on the Tennessee Confederate Women's Moument Description An account of the resource Inscription on the monument dedicated to the Confederate Women of Tennessee Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Flikr https://www.flickr.com/photos/cmhpictures/50360279791/in/photostream/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/5e89198463c5ff1243b8695f6dcb9823.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=r4JcG55gscKcAuEl15k0oiGSqNWgk18FKNuF4U2NSwLfbbVepKFxkC70ngH07wklSjjWWLriYqUVa4ICVNNiM4HKk2X78uFwcUvPdFeHddmKUx8wVLXBfovEUiWH551j-Ot4zW5KnwW1j6YILg2CaIeB8TTfasU6emX6pqOerrnf30AgrY-a2cP1N5EwIEx1GruxzMTjiw-EyFmhVYUt6QkQghBMYEbk15RBLjq3rro1Ij9xSQvoiFsObMmn85sTO7Ny0mBcnaVQ5sN1YvNphxFsoOG2nklTcEaHcUDhbn8Un5oN5EVTQ0IHETCWSNIXUYVfChYSQ8ddhxnNC-eEMA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b9fbf24f191a17a016f95ca5ed1ee9ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tennessee State Capitol Description An account of the resource Tennessee State Capitol during the Civil War Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-1865 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource creative commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource copy print Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tennessee State Library and Archive https://tnsos.org/tsla/imagesearch/citation.php?ImageID=27196 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daughters Preserving Confederate Heritage Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This collection explores Confederate monuments, statues, and memorials that were funded by or preserved by the United Daughters of the Confederacy across the United States.<br /><br /></span></p> <p><b>Who are the Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) and How Did They Form?</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The first chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) was founded in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 10, 1894, by Caroline Meriwether Goodlett of Tennessee (Founder) and Lucian H. “Anna Davenport” Raines of Georgia (Co-founder). Women from many “hospital associations, sewing societies, and knitting circles” organized together to help soldiers in the South during the Civil War. After the war, they helped erect cemeteries, memorials, monuments, and associations dedicated to the memory of Confederate soldiers through the Lost Cause ideology. [1]<br /><br /></span></p> <p><b>What is the Lost Cause Ideology?</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The Lost Cause Ideology is a false claim and representation of the Confederacy as heroic and the Civil War as a war where the South “fought nobly and against all odds not to preserve slavery… [but for] the rights of states to govern themselves.” In other words, the Confederacy is seen in a positive light as just and simply acting in defense “against northern aggression.” [2]</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This is the central message the UDC aims to preserve to honor their Confederate ancestors. [1]<br /><br /></span></p> <p><b>The UDC’s Impact:</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The organization currently has 41 chapters and divisions in the United States from New York to California. [3] To become a member of the organization, eligibility includes proof of lineage to “men and women who served honorably in the Army, Navy, or Civil Service of the Confederate States of America, or who gave Material Aid to the Cause.” [4]</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">In the 126 years since its formation, the UDC has helped to erect or preserve over 50 memorials and monuments. The UDC also seeks to preserve historical records that pertain to the Civil War (1861-1865), such as rare books, documents, diaries, letters, personal records, and more. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Most recently, the UDC has turned their main objective to preserving Confederate monuments and memorials that were erected by members in the past. In response to much negativity towards the Confederacy, the UDC seeks to teach the historical and lineage connected to these statues.</span></p> <br /><p><b>More on the Collection: </b></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This collection contains five monuments: "Appomattox," "United Confederate Veterans Memorial," "Confederate Memorial Fountain," "The Lookout" and "Silent Sam." </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Unlike the other collections surrounding a specific location, this collection shifts the focus to one of the most influential supporters of the Confederate monuments throughout the US. The collection includes various monuments located in unique locations, and, more importantly, set a precedent for other Confederate monuments across the US. Within the collection, you will find one monument once located in Seattle, Washington, an unlikely state to have an UDC chapter. Plus, several monuments that the UDC helped to relocate in response to calls for removal or destruction.</span></p> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marissa Dong, Melinda Alvizo, Patrick Michael (2020) Kayla Cortez, Kristina Gonzalez, Grislean Palacios (2021) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A (Fall 2020; Fall 2021) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Alexandria, Virginia; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Seattle, Washington; Sandusky, Ohio; Helena, Montana Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ol><li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Sullivan, Patricia. "131-year-old Confederate statue removed from Alexandria intersection." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Washington Post</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, June 2, 2020, </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">"The Confederate Statue." </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Harrington Genealogy Association</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, September 23, 2002.</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">“The Confederate Statue.” [pdf, brochure] </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Office of Historic Alexandria</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, pp.1-6, November 2002, accessed November 12, 2021, </span><a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">“Ad Hoc Conference - UDC Letter 1-20-16.” [pdf, letter] </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">City of Alexandria, Virginia Government</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, pp. 2, January 2016, accessed November 12, 2021. </span><a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Locke, Mamie E. “2020 Session: SB 183 War memorials for veterans; removal, relocation, etc.” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">LIS: Virginia’s Legislative Information System</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, February 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, </span><a href="https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">“The Appomattox.” [pdf, newspaper], <i><span>Alexandria Times</span></i><span>, pp. 1-2. June 18, 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, </span><a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf"><span>https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf</span></a></li> </ol> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tennessee Monument to Confederate Women, Nashville Subject The topic of the resource Tenneessee Monument to Confederate Women Description An account of the resource The Women's monument was funded by the United Daughters of the Confederacy with the aid of their president Mary Lou Gordan White, the United Confederate Veterans, and approval by the Tennessee government. The idea for the monument came from letters being submitted to the <em>Confederate Veteran</em> wishing for the memorialization of the wives and mothers who supported Confederate soldiers during the war. Confederate women began the process of memorialization after the war to show their love and appreciation to their loved ones who fought for their beliefs. Confederate veterans and daughters of Confederate women saw the opportunity to thank the women who began the memorialization process by, in turn, giving a monument dedicated to them. In 1909, plans for the monument took place. The monument's location was an issue, along with funding such a monument. In 1915 the Tennessee legislature appropriated the funds to erect a monument; the monument would be placed on the grounds of the State Capital in Nashville. A contest began to look for a design. After many submissions, the winner was sculptor Belle Kinney Scholz, the first female competition winner to design and sculpt the monument in 1926. Her Tennessee heritage fit what the United Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy wanted. The plaque on the monument reads: "Erected by the State of Tennessee to commemorate the Heroic Devotion and Self-Sacrifice of the Women of Tennessee During the War Between the States. Dedicated October 10, 1926 Belle Kinney, Sculptor" The Tennessee Historical Commission placed the plaque. October 10, 1926, the Tennessee Monument to Confederate Women was dedicated. The monument is still standing on the Tennessee State Capitol grounds. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Belle Kinney Scholz 1926 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sada F. Richmond, "The Southern Mothers' Scholarship." Confederate Veteran 15 August 1907: 351. Sallie F. Hunt, "Women Want Building for Monument." Confederate Veteran 17 April 1908: 181. "Southern Women's Monument," Confederate Veteran 17 July 1909, 312. Michael H. Frisch, "The Memory of History," in Presenting the Past, ed. Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, Roy Rosenweig (Philadelphia: Temple 1986), 5-17. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kayla Rai Cortez (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 to present Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kayla Rai Cortez Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Bronze Statue sitting on a pedistal Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze Statue Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tennessee Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2021 Nashville State Capitols Statue Tennessee United Confederate Veterans United Daughters of the Confederacy Women https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/528ae5a411b379dbd00e851b845aac61.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=SzPTiwwN13EwXC2RaBa3ClYcd7Dnoh-AprAuYiwLbSwKQ5PeUF4-kpZ9QzqutwyYE4xcS9lD1eP0RePVO6e49hmYAjxnM5sU1s1nxdf7rqrhr7WeoIBcM6E14SBh0NIOTsfkdnGvz4MMSo%7ESLx4EkRLWsBX6-o5bmDGuD3qxZlJHagqkyUlXYiI-Prs-d7epVvuyNjSjF1YbSBA5i%7EB3b2xqISTLsv25-OVAwnXeJ5sq8Gxxu8fo7%7EuOo-l3wVRH0XDx3in1Si9mC02IdpXfEbA6QDzR%7EdPKjgrG5Vvof4XmR6-lM6jLJlDQQ2eNoCEe3O7XGCr8nPyT-DVb3bsbkQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0340463cbdf1b0678143ee4ae665cbe5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jefferson Davis Highway Marker Description An account of the resource Photo of metal plaque/marker at Horton Plaza Park, San Diego, CA. Inscription: "First Pacific Terminal, Jefferson Davis Highway. Presented to City of San Diego May 12, 1926, by California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy. Replaced May 12, 1956” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "San Diego - Downtown," <em>AA Roads. </em>Updated September 10, 2012. https://www.aaroads.com/california-highways/san-diego-downtown/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AA Roads Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Taken May, 14, 2012. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AA Roads Contributor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c860aab5ccfab8de2c01497b4e835bd2.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=vqIcu7y%7E-ODONwwhePk8doxR7bNFiK9swTbBBcg8RCiL%7EjTkGgZUpCOpldClXV0RWhWkcsBeA5BEbenWtjsu97HDPNYO07IOOas1MXEPgufsgIAU9VP7Ebk3U6PF5r6uImd6EsgE2olYObivk5nbt7MDVG5YMY5oeSmePmb3EMI9pS1NoTT0ulwamrXv7NmQQzZe%7Ehh6zLXt1eN4fHWfy7ETODlZJ%7EjukSxZ9wQbttUo%7Ew5K6XRks8umuCvcZXa35n57xlg%7EUSKE3zBtOJaFHWfn%7Ef3ZD2xyYjR71ZaWMygPbIiRsYkTDcBz7-8E9M8d01H4rITEc4bfaoH2-6ao%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cee9c38f4fcdc5b0d44b788424f98695 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Horton Plaza Park, Marker location Description An account of the resource Photo of metal plaque/marker at Horton Plaza Park, San Diego, CA. Marker is located on the floor in between a fountain on the corner of 4th and Broadway and the US Grant Hotel. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "San Diego - Downtown," AA Roads. Updated September 10, 2012. https://www.aaroads.com/california-highways/san-diego-downtown/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AA Roads Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 14, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AA Roads Contributor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/707e22b7b17bd08b1560fde05883ccf6.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=nt%7E0ZVd3liJTB11WDGZA7nftrVuBoiPEJ2hPCNSdrxg9RSu-6k7jrskyiOl7gq0rCJB4VRj8iptINUgPGB6w6vVg8DrSOgrkAb%7EC7jDi7kKR%7E4BWdo8-cX%7EHTDpt%7EaHlxkGf2Yo1isEAPV0aqgtNzH3JUh0jMIlm69VMUIyJ6Uv9ui48s69os-gYgJ5JqIAZ3RwHOGcg3bAYkDbUtmHZGYU8NuS1s4JptCCY7AEmjP6YK8ikFlbsTbdgDzTbUTED1m4YDjdzSjOvDcbp4V9QtmpSRJXJrFyTnzmJi%7E6Dziqt8dkzwKR-jH4Za3%7EUcfg3xU1Z4nLT1KyrYfgH8xqPjg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6a2f98cd315ad39fb68ee6eef02b804c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource US80 Historic Map - from 'Parsa's American Roads' Description An account of the resource Map of US 80, formerly the Dixie Overland Highway, which was once part of Jefferson Davis Highway portion ending in San Diego, CA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steven C. Varner Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Creative Commons & Flikr Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 6, 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "US80 Historic Map - from 'Parsa's American Roads'" by clamshack is licensed with CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jefferson Davis Highway (JDH) Plaque, Horton Plaza Park, San Diego Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Jefferson Davis Highway (JDH), named after the Confederacy’s first and only president from 1861-1865, was once meant to be a coast-to-coast highway from Arlington, Virginia to San Diego, California. Construction began in 1913 and was funded by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). It was never completed so sections remained along with their old highway markers [1]. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">The JDH was never completed after it failed to compete with the previously constructed 1913 coast-to-coast, New York to San Francisco, Lincoln Highway dedicated to the Union by “the wealthy auto enthusiast Carl G. Fisher and a group of industry boosters and wealthy philanthropists like Thomas Edison and Theodore Roosevelt” [1]. Since JDH was constructed initially to compete with the Union-supported Lincoln Highway, it linked together many places in support or friendly with the Confederate Lost Cause.  </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">At least 250 JDH markers were renamed in the 1920s to the new federal government-imposed numbering system [2]. The highway portions became today’s US 1, US 15, US 29, US 80, US 90, US 99, and US 190. However, many - like San Diego’s Horton Plaza Park - kept their JDH markers alongside their new number markers. Originally a large obelisk located ironically across from the Ulysses S. Grant Hotel, the San Diego JDH obelisk marker was removed the same year (1926) of its placement due to strong opposition. A plaque was installed in place of the obelisk by the UDC California Division on May 12, 1926, and later restored in 1956 [3][4]. In the 1980s, during the construction of Horton Plaza, it was re-embedded in the new sidewalk after being removed from the previous sidewalk.  <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">The San Diego JDH plaque was removed after protests to the San Diego City Council. It was removed by the city on August 16, 2017, at 8:30 am, and the city plans to return the plaque to its original benefactors, the UDC [5]. As of November 8th, 2021, fifteen local military leaders will make up the Military, Veteran, and Families Advisory Council to help advise San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria on military or veteran-related issues. The panel includes eight women and seven men from every service branch. As well as a "veteran small-business owner, a military spouse, a military family caregiver, and someone transitioning from active duty to veteran status" [8]. </span></p> Inscription: “First Pacific Terminal, Jefferson Davis Highway. Presented to City of San Diego May 12, 1926, by California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy. Replaced May 12, 1956” [3]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ol><li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Blakemore, Erin. “The Lost Dream of a Superhighway to Honor the Confederacy,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The Atlantic, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">August 29, 2017. Accessed November 29, 2021. </span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/jefferson-davis-highways/538062/"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/jefferson-davis-highways/538062/</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Strong, W.F. “Jefferson Davis Highway: The Persistence of a Confederate Memorial,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Texas Standard, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">July 1, 2020. Accessed November 29, 2021. </span><a href="https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/jefferson-davis-highway-the-persistence-of-a-confederate-memorial/"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/jefferson-davis-highway-the-persistence-of-a-confederate-memorial/</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">“Jefferson Davis Highway,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, March 18, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2021. </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816163806/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~caudc/jdhway.htm"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://web.archive.org/web/20170816163806/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~caudc/jdhway.htm</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Waite, Kevin. “California’s Forgotten Confederate History,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The New Republic, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">August 19, 2019. Accessed November 30, 2021. </span><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/154777/californias-forgotten-confederate-history"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://newrepublic.com/article/154777/californias-forgotten-confederate-history</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Stewart, Joshua. “Confederate plaque in San Diego has history of controversy, repeated removal,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">The San Diego Union-Tribune, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">August 16, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. </span><a href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-confederate-monument-20170816-story.html"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-confederate-monument-20170816-story.html</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Fox 5 Digital Team and Chen, Sharon. “San Diego Removed Plaque Honoring Confederate Leader Jefferson Davis,” </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">San Diego History Center, </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">August 16, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. </span><a href="https://sandiegohistory.org/press/san-diego-removes-plaque-honoring-confederate-leader-jefferson-davis/"><span style="font-weight:400;">https://sandiegohistory.org/press/san-diego-removes-plaque-honoring-confederate-leader-jefferson-davis/</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">CivicArchive. “Remove the Confederate monument from Horton Plaza Park immediately,” <i><span>Change,</span></i><span> 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. </span><a href="https://chng.it/L2F2K6sb4H"><span>https://chng.it/L2F2K6sb4H</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span>Garrick, David. "Panel getting praise from local politicians, advocacy groups for military," <em>The San Diego Union-Tribune, </em>November 8, 2021. Accessed December 11, 2021. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/story/2021-11-08/new-15-member-panel-created-to-advise-san-diego-mayor-on-issues-affecting-military-veterans</span><span></span></li> </ol> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: May 12, 1926 Removed: August 16, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Metal Plaque Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant San Diego, California 20th Century California CSA Leaders Historical Marker Jefferson Davis Plaque Removed San Diego United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/0fe1498b00c189a33f587004b9988728.PNG?Expires=1790208000&Signature=vYSE-diNIojeS06PyOa9CkDFTOQY6nhSCvGnWKRsBr4xoJ3O6rSTw%7EdSUdLplB4ILdgSP31-hGf%7E6aUnWbpBs0UqClmi9uArKo6O2%7EsKS3TxeyJmiWjAVW6PUjWd-JQuZezN1BLcfVL156kKWgZYuLuMX4gKNkAFd2kYHUpahGmYC12atAVt1MHv0jGyefyE4f4c7ZGsgmDf3SAALFMkpg7B5dnCMzec0s7YtLYfvfoNDYB7UkXygzu6Ism7TT6eno-LKEZevX2tefnA-sOurgKNm%7EmO9empUwZ%7E6TV-sLgb0J7hNURbrTkkcR%7EIDk%7ECZxz029HqkTTHgpOAzU8KJg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 389ae5796a1fed6c73ca1959c7d4e818 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Montgomery Daughters of the Confederacy at the Old Soldiers Home Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource L. H. and J. M. Williams Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1902-11-09/ed-1/seq-16/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Williams, L. H. and J. M. Photograph. In “A Visit to Soldiers’ Home at Mountain Creek and the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Work that can be Seen.” Authored by Marielou A. Corey. In the </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Birmingham Age-Herald</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Jan. 26, 1906). In the University of Alabama Libraries. In Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. In the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</span></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 26, 1906 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jon Hall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public domain</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This artifact featured the United Daughters of the Confederacy’s Montgomery chapter in front of the soldiers’ home facility’s construction. That chapter and the U.D.C. itself endorsed the sentiment Camp W. J. Hardee’s United Confederate Veterans chapter held: “the home should be built, not only for the good that it will now do, but because it would live as a monument after all the old Confederates were gone. We want the greatest good for the indigent” [1]. Hence, the Daughters subsequently coordinated with the U.C.V. and Jefferson M. Falkner, the soldiers’ home director, through fund-raising and article publishing initiatives [2]. Therein, the Daughters reinforced the South’s values of paternalism through their shared concerns for the veterans’ care and, through that framework, presented said charge as a civic matter for Alabamians.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <strong>Endnotes</strong><br /> <ol> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85044812/1896-03-04/ed-1/seq-5/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“An Important Movement By Camp Hardee, United Confederate Veterans. A Home for Old Soldiers Reported Favorably by a Committee -- Legislature to be Memorialized -- Lot for the Dead,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Mar. 4, 1896), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1902-11-09/ed-1/seq-16/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Marielou A. Corey, “A Visit to Soldiers’ Home at Mountain Creek and the Work that can be Seen,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Jan. 26, 1906), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive</a>;<a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1913-11-02/ed-1/seq-21" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Chappel Cory, “Our Old Homes” and “Soldiers Home,” in “Mrs. Cory’s Report on Work of U. D. C. for the Past Year,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Nov. 2, 1913), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive</a>;<a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1906-01-31/ed-1/seq-8/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> C. C. Lovell, “Mrs. Cory’s Report Shows Continued Effort on Part of the Daughters in Aiding the Confederate Veterans,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Jan. 31, 1906), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</a></span></li> </ol> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/ca00edd69af3328a8f1b63d6d5f99ee2.JPG?Expires=1790208000&Signature=t2yXScKAzdkc2Co3BDA2bKhZfj8FObCm%7ElB08D95KcjbQ-8l6C0BX5xPPFzj5G18RpP7mI4vYisSdooDxyRbyFTEMHnYyncrJYGeS%7EwrYaHJG%7Eo8w7RkvkAIelztYAC8jVrYkOPv4yjsN4sfsk6d3dbUPLLUl0Rx%7Ew0U-i6rB7Ewc9v0VhayEP5eLHrCVAQoOFFaNSOQqvBUQlNQsTESHA-EupNMxTCIETq09MqX0PN36U6u44qYHTOKmDcXLnCgELWOdCZWypmOsfAPok4nAwTz6rnMihtLXBHzJUhio7CNBkS%7ERD%7EkjTKW8Y6YX0oasrfWmb%7EovvG2eZmeqCpiUQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 38b834f7bebe9361aa04f864300c4c05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Auditorium Building at the Old Soldiers' Home Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource W. P. Thompson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1913-08-17/ed-1/seq-23/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="font-weight:400;">Thompson, W. P. “Attractive Scene Around Alabama Soldiers’ Home.” Photographs. In the </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Birmingham Age-Herald</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> (Aug. 17, 1913). In the University of Alabama Libraries. In Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. In the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 16, 1913 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jon Hall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Public domain</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This artifact’s depiction of the soldiers’ home auditorium building, i.e., Memorial Hall, corresponded with the aforesaid civic focus. As historian Randall B. Rosenberg argued, events held within said building typified how “Confederate soldiers' homes were gathering places where people could congregate and reaffirm their devotion to the dear principles of the Lost Cause” [1]. Hence, why Falkner referred to that building as “the centre of the world” [2]. That perceptual centricity emboldened the “indigent” veterans toward politico-civic efficacy with their U.C.V. chapter’s resolutions about what qualified a Confederate veteran: “only those who won the encomiums of duty well done by decoration to the cause we espoused should be worthy of a cross of honor [and thus] recognized as true soldiers of the ‘Lost Cause’” [3]. Such “reaffirm[ations]” from “gathering places” consequently demonstrated how the soldiers’ home provided a physical space that the veterans and visitors imbued with the requisite milieu for “their [Lost Cause] devotion.”</span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <strong>Endnotes</strong><br /><ol><li><span style="font-weight:400;">Randall B. Rosenberg, <i>Living Monuments: Confederate Soldiers’ Homes in the New South</i> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 107.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight:400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1902-11-09/ed-1/seq-16/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Marielou A. Corey, “A Visit to Soldiers’ Home at Mountain Creek and the Work that can be Seen,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Jan. 26, 1906), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight:400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1912-10-04/ed-1/seq-11/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">“Veterans Elect Reunion Delegates -- Inmates of Soldiers’ Home at Mountain Creek Also Adopt Resolutions,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Oct. 4, 1912), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</a></span></li> </ol> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8560764ade565b9178bc2f22375fdd43.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=gGF%7E3IWIGMc4ODmkbGT4GmBP0NC4WfeR8rkZl6dlYQBZPmW47fnduFuN0XzfAOt73ptPWW0TyHuUxPMmhA5S-Xf1htaxtExk%7Ern5McLiKiRi4OjRyJDdzdNVZ6RYlut1Z819D-EW0eoKOfjjW-BzO3j-p-6f%7E-jhvmsvlxUIUmxdm6SLBZox0sLTNYJTcywXVyuAIwm3-KBkS1LOJ5pJFAlUOD85cBsn2VSr4AflIpknzMAdgmKd-HtYqK2%7EeYgVzlYjkX5mabzmKp6VW2PaLz5yvbMDS5b6iDX4CDZkcVsl04zfqRphUCtoMpiIm-Zv3GFON4uSJ9Wk3WUv0nYhMw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 55c2ef8f31e878ca51fb1b3ffe844423 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flags over the Cemetery at the Confederate Memorial Park Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Stephen Conn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/4da2ae73-2903-4085-a46d-bf53bfdef5e9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conn, J. Stephen. “Flags over the Confederate Cemetery.” Photograph. Mar. 16, 2013. In Flickr </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Commons.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 16, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jon Hall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <span class="photo_usage-attribution is-block">This image was marked with a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&amp;atype=rich" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="photo_license"> CC BY-NC 2.0 </a> license.</span> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This artifact’s portrayal of the “indigent[s’]” cemetery further clarified how said imbuement remained consistent for its stakeholders. Just as the newspapers stressed that the soldiers’ home had been built from “Alabama lumber,” they similarly noted the U.D.C.’s tombstone donations as “made from A-1 Alabama white marble,” and fulfilled “[a] long neglected duty to properly place headstones” [1]. Their Alabamian material specification and invocations of “duty” reinforced how the soldiers’ home facility fit in the context of post- Reconstruction out-memorialization between the former Confederate states with their own soldiers’ homes. Hence, only “the greatest good” was sufficient for the contemporaneous stakeholders, veterans and visitors alike. Accordingly, even after the home’s closure in 1939 began its temporary obscurity, petitions from the U.D.C. and Sons of Confederate Veterans during the 1950s-60s culminated with the 1964 Civil War Centennial, during which then-Governor George Wallace and the State Legislature proclaimed that site as part of a memorial park, “a ‘shrine to the honor of Alabama’s citizens of the Confederacy’” [2]. A direct response to the Civil Rights Movement, the Legislature’s designation of the park reinforced the militarization intrinsic to the cemetery’s layout. As each tombstone had been placed in linear formation and thus situated into a company unit under Confederate flags, they were further symbolized as “soldiers of the ‘Lost Cause.’”</span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <strong>Endnotes</strong><br /> <ol> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1913-04-20/ed-1/seq-33/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">W. P. Thompson, “Headstones for Mountain Creek Veterans -- Full List of Men Who Have Died at Soldiers’ Home Since It Was Established, Giving Date, Age, Confederate Company, and Place of Burial,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Apr. 20, 1913), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/1646167134?accountid=9840%20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harry D. Butler, “Confederate Memorial Park reveals part of state’s heritage,” in the <i>Gadsden Times</i> (Jan. 7, 2015)</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/412788924?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Nick Lackeos, “Confederate Memorial Park Effort Nearly Complete,” in the <i>Montgomery Advertiser</i> (Jan 27, 2003)</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2155634178?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Brian Palmer and Seth F. Wesser, “The Costs of the Confederacy,” in the <i>Smithsonian </i>49, no. 8 (Dec. 2018)</a>;<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/07/why-alabama-still-collecting-taxes-confederate-veterans/353094/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Adam C. Estes, “Why Alabama Is Still Collecting Taxes for Confederate Veterans,” in <i>The Atlantic</i> (July 20, 2011).</a></span></li> </ol> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?72519-1/confederate-memorial-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Confederate Memorial Park.” Narrated by Bill Rambo. C-SPAN. May 30, 1996.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/134146483609037/videos/953503575080203/?__so__=channel_tab&amp;__rv__=all_videos_card" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“Digital Walking Tour of Confederate Memorial Park.” Narrated by Calvin Chappelle. May 23, 2020. In the Confederate Memorial Park’s FaceBook.</a></span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=confederate%20memorial%20park%2C%20marbury%2C%20alabama&amp;co=highsm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Highsmith, Carol M. “Cemetery at Confederate Memorial Park, Marbury, Alabama.” </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Photographs. May 10, 2010. In the Carol M. Highsmith Archive. In the Library of Congress Digital Archive.</span></a></li> </ul> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d33822e5a3bcbde92ef05fdc5e0388e6.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=v1qBHarhQN3dcabKLo5Qm8pzJK6hcYJfu4t09ZJ51zzxFuZvwLU3YH7AfWwJMACyrhVMaF8CQdcGAYcCp2k6xNldUSOCSKUMAuvBTRuS8Zeayg2Yum0yEFsib5R-nuebTbmKLQ2F1J%7EFCg%7EDpcWlO69HFhE35C4dwmOySNwIfISbeMhLztNzxwoXdgFVfaVeXi1MWp6biH67qDlpYFeMUeTOLcPhR5b0A1VEdCG8NJE4s0EIfCmTPzrEInYwaLa5CidJ-NZBufvp9egmg4O7M0rh9hk8hrxF9ol0CSyh9yzroBke1Mys4vC37XTC7-bjTzoWWVHsZo2U9NRzvkelTg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0c0ecf51c92158dee3c1efa836739e01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Library Entrance at the Confederate Memorial Park Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Stephen Conn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/9384be6f-17c9-49e1-90f9-7a509e363ed3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Conn, J. Stephen. <span style="font-weight: 400;">“Confederate Library Entrance.” Photograph. Mar. 16, 2013. In Flickr Commons. </span></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 16, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jon Hall Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <span class="photo_usage-attribution is-block">This image was marked with a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&amp;atype=rich" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="photo_license"> CC BY-NC 2.0 </a> license.</span> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This artifact’s focus on the park’s library sign became representative of the State’s continual involvement with this memorial. Per that sign and contemporary newspaper articles, the library is under the S.C.V.’s “mainten[ance],” as sanctioned through “a formal agreement with the state,” wherein the former sells Confederate history and neo-Confederate ideological books [1]. While that is not unusual for former Confederate states and organizations, this memorial park’s peculiarity rests in its financing, i.e., earmarked from a small portion of a pension fund enshrined within the 1901 Alabama Constitution, an anomaly for which “[t]ax experts...know of no other state that still collects a tax so directly connected to the Civil War” [2]. A haunting echo of the post-Reconstruction Alabamian sentiment that “[t]he Confederate soldier and his descendants owe Captain Jefferson Falkner a debt of gratitude that can never be paid,” propositions of said tax’s removal since the early 2010s have thus far been unsuccessful due to the Legislature itself [3]. Rather than within the fund itself, the importance lies in its reinforcement of the State’s collaboration with this memorial and its stakeholders like the S.C.V. Such efforts thus allow the memorial to “live as a monument after all the old Confederates were gone” as its creators envisioned and, through it, advance the Lost Cause narrative.</span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <strong>Endnotes</strong><br /> <ol> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2175026926?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Paula Horvath, “Alabama memorial brings racist history to forefront,” in the <i>Florida Times Union</i> (Feb. 3, 2019)</a>; <a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2155634178?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brian Palmer and Seth F. Wesser, “The Costs of the Confederacy,” in the <i>Smithsonian </i>49, no. 8 (Dec. 2018).</a><br /></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/914721671/abstract/FDC6481D265A421DPQ/7?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jay Reeves, “Alabama Still Collecting Tax For Confederate Vets,” in <i>The Culvert Chronicles</i> 6, no. 26 (July 21, 2011)</a>; <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/07/why-alabama-still-collecting-taxes-confederate-veterans/353094/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Adam C. Estes, “Why Alabama Is Still Collecting Taxes for Confederate Veterans,” in <i>The Atlantic</i> (July 20, 2011)</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/2150829906?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Phillip Tutor, “How the South pays (literally) for the Lost Cause,” in the <i>TCA Regional News</i> (Dec. 6, 2018).</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038485/1905-03-19/ed-1/seq-9/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">John Purifoy, “Report of the Soldiers’ Home of This State,” in the <i>Birmingham Age-Herald</i> (Mar. 19, 1905), in the University of Alabama Libraries, in the Library of Congress Digital Archive</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/878947972?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> “Taxing history in Alabama,” in the <i>Chattanooga Times Free Press</i> (July 25, 2011)</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/1223689751?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> “Editorial: end special treatment,” in the <i>Montgomery Advertiser</i> (July 28, 2011)</a>;<a href="https://search-proquest-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/docview/859433569?accountid=9840" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Tim Lockette, “Confederate history park unscathed in budget battle,” in <i>McClatchy - Tribune Business News</i> (Mar. 31, 2011).</a></span></li> </ol> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Soldiers' Home and Memorial Park, Marbury, Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Camp W. J. Hardee, United Confederate Veterans, no. 39; Jefferson Manly Falkner; and the Alabama State Legislature Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 1902 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jon Hall Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Confederate+Memorial+Park/@32.718869,-86.4761946,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x888ebc491901d421:0x2cfc1d1a4568070a!8m2!3d32.718869!4d-86.4740059" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">437 County Road 63, Marbury, Alabama 36051</a> Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This archive contextualized how the Confederate Soldiers’ Home and Memorial Park at Mountain Creek, Alabama historically and contemporarily forwarded the Lost Cause narrative. However, the memorial as having been a soldiers’ home made its history a difficult one in how Confederate veterans housed there were simultaneously “indigent” and deliberate collaborators throughout said narrative's development. Accordingly, each artifact disclosed the various individual and institutional agents which comprised this memorial’s stakeholders, and how their interests became conjoined with the veterans’ in their Lost Cause memorialization. As this memorial provided those stakeholders with a milieu necessary for such action, ideas which have been transmitted across generations of Alabamians, it affirmed historian Randall B. Rosenberg’s notion of soldiers’ homes as “living monuments” still alive long after their last inmates died [1]. Just as this memorial outlived the veterans it once housed, so did their Lost Cause narrative survive into our contemporary period of history.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight:400;">This archive is useful for one’s understanding of what a soldiers’ home was and its significance to post-Civil War Southern ideology. Unlike other entries in the larger monument-map, this memorial housed Confederate veterans and thereby provided them with a grounding for their Lost Cause narrative. Emphasis on Alabama's natural resources within its construction directly anchored stakeholders’ identities to the soldiers' home complex itself. That process continued through the memorial park and its neo-Confederate ideology. Hence, this archive re-emphasized said “living monument” as a significant type within the larger discourse about Confederate monuments in public and U.S. history.</span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></p> Type The nature or genre of the resource "Living monument," i.e., soldiers' home facility; cemetery; and memorial park -- hewn logs from Chilton County, Alabama lumber; fieldstone; and A-1 Alabama white marble Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <strong>Endnote</strong><br /><ol><li><span style="font-weight:400;">Randall B. Rosenberg, <i>Living Monuments: Confederate Soldiers’ Homes in the New South</i> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), xiii and 107.</span></li> </ol><p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul><li><span style="font-weight:400;">Blight, David W. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">American Oracle: The Civil War in the Civil Rights Era</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. Cambridge: </span><span style="font-weight:400;">The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight:400;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZeqbT3oGiqmw_5Ki6-c1j5kvtrVoD3I3lMrCTWh8jJg/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Confederate Soldiers' Home and Memorial Park Bibliography.</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></li> <li>Hale, Grace Elizabeth. <em>Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890-1940</em>. New York: Vintage, 2000.<a href="https://fullerton.kanopy.com/product/monumental-crossroads" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></a></li> <li><span style="font-weight:400;">Savage, Kirk. </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War and Monument in </span></i><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Nineteenth-Century America</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">. New ed. Princeton: Princeton University </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Press, 2018.</span></li> </ul> 20th Century Alabama Buildings Cemetery City Park Marbury United Confederate Veterans Veterans https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b41e4da891b3d64ab9600847bed3f6d8.png?Expires=1790208000&Signature=T7PkODPyr0jaAdvAt90PDiai6pumLxribsuBL77tATIr2tD1pHNcpMAec0xAeTLjWp7Agf9W1K8ztClPWCxlmE%7EXL6Mb4sea9MtvJfR0rtCFCnMFSRVTm9NmtmBHS9s3pijLS8KONusZ8GtOgrYnr-yBiInwG8gPNKYP8uocZevwPA8FDd5UOfC%7E6Xx9XaBDRonmftEXBysLx58x8n4XDfnx%7Et6jKe-p9-MSD0UzaCiVilWy4RLSlkvipLwdYVT-uI9f5tl2wDdPwCsTmkSnsMjMEX7QB--Xq2FwpkZZCwI6KHaLZaljuZn6GgV7FCENuq51fUSUJRp%7EJHlpUJVcXA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 05ac6a8737f4ca8e1465dc2c89390409 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Historic Columbia Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource png. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Historic Columbia<br /><a href="https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead">https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Historic Columbia Collection https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e18365ee5b8db4cf6dd502dc064f1fde.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=H9Dwqcx%7EqfJh7eYOxhsZIc8vLXqV60gI3Ufx8u8IiLpW8xlscpCKirKwNJwsEjv6ytxkG%7EsTV-LFwB92isCj2MbPL4t%7EuFVsXMFwfXGgeLfarLKKTQ0xcWa3jALSotc0ctQFpQb4LlH5DorHcHFseElLJxrlJJq5P9dloJyWWUBlbGkmOa1PbhzkSSlxhWsiAg256kLFjG2r5n6mmohIK4zvDl1PVZ2ams0Uadd1K%7EC-lk%7EtXkFYkoV7tp6gWwQ7mMLe9-21Jpy0UsmJic1mxAsQ-7TP-TiLO2mopoHpdVcHf09LH9k20oft20sM1whHZgE5jhcRpmACwWY%7EzM42QQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a7f9705a3b02c012383e0a41f06ad6f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post Card Design Subject The topic of the resource Postcard depicting the South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead, circa 1910. Historic Columbia collection, HCF 2018. 6. 32 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Historic Columbia Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Historic Columbia<br /><a href="https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead">https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Historic Columbia Collection https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/76c59947eb64ef4b6641045c10385bf5.png?Expires=1790208000&Signature=F5Wnti%7ElN-ENVPkqRlpQtcn0EsPu1n9wV%7EwBQ0EJUCYkTLSn13ITQB%7EZ4tmrvynye-y0qtbTLXVHqf0C4vAmu79zIiM0ki9s8IcVXphKpdGNNU4I13oAK9du6PTfJCF-5D8JVJbrj94sOVtZKWuydaREx83rI2bmF2KNuQ-NSt43%7EO-h1NJ7sYjRBAeyOrBsnv1k-9MrRKFZ-w9AYSSWnjECmptDWzLc5CGd40Xd4tdj71zyi4PIyxnH2WcdxURIBnuN1wIX15NOHwvCiOPel3AhF431yvQ1LyZ5ZTwa-VMCOC9G1fhrvB4XUvlQKUcRLfKooA1rkpBmyh-ib3Hw2g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 432b664fecad50c5be3b8f369cee3773 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inscription Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Historic Columbia Collection Description An account of the resource Bottom of the South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead, 1879 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource png. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Historic Columbia<br /><a href="https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead">https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Historic Columbia Collection Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource South Carolina Monument to the Confederate Dead, Columbia, South Carolina Description An account of the resource Erected in May 13th, 1879 Obelisk designed by Muldoon, Walker and Cobb Designed by Carlo Nicoli Inscription written by William Henry Trescot Funded by the South Carolina Monument Association Right outside of the South Carolina State House, Columbia, a statue of a Confederate soldier with proper uniform, stands steadily on top of the monument, carrying a rifle. On the monument, an image of an anchor that resembles the navy, cannon, and broken wheels represents the army. The bottom of the monument reads, "Those who true to the instincts of their birth, faithful to the teachings of their fathers, constant their love for their state, died in the performance of their duty." Trescot's inscription directed the audience's interpretation to focus more on the lost cause, though did not fully interpret the full image of the meaning of the Lost Cause. Like most of the Confederate monuments, the South Carolina monument was erected with the support of many Confederate women during the postwar era. As a major southern state, racial segregation and misinterpreted messages of the Civil War were widely accepted by the white population in the region. The argument of racial inequality went silent until July 15th, 2015, when the Charleston incident occurred. Finally forced the residents to recognize their history that was interpreted in a different way to the mainstream public. After a long period of protests and conferences, exchange of ideas and communication. The Confederate battle flag was removed after a general assembly's demands which were later approved by the state legislature. Fueled by the controversial police killing in Minneapolis, Minnesota in May, 2020, a lawsuit was filed to test the constitutionality of the South Carolina Heritage Act. After the year-long lawsuit, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled on September 23, 2021 that the act was constitutional and that public monuments would still be protected under the statute. The monument remains standing amidst a strong movement for the removal of Confederate symbols from public spaces and there are no plans for its removal, however with the Supreme Court ruling, the requirement for a two-thirds vote to remove a public monument was knocked down. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carlo Nicoli Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Historic Columbia Website <a href="https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead" title="Historic Columbia Website">https://www.historiccolumbia.org/tour-locations/south-carolina-monument-confederate-dead</a> <br />The Metropole <a href="https://themetropole.blog/2018/01/17/columbia-and-the-problem-of-confederate-memorials/" title="The Metropole">https://themetropole.blog/2018/01/17/columbia-and-the-problem-of-confederate-memorials/</a> <br />Greenville News <a href="https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/2020/07/10/support-confederacy-dying-out-south-carolina-statehouse/5414294002/" title="Greenville News">https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/2020/07/10/support-confederacy-dying-out-south-carolina-statehouse/5414294002/</a><br /><p class="item-title"><span class="breaker-breaker">The South Carolina Monument Association, origin history and work, with an account of the proceedings at the unveiling of the monument to the Confederate dead; and the oration of Gen. John S. Preston, at Columbia, S.C. May 13, 1879<br /><a href="https://archive.org/details/southcarolinamon00sout/page/n5/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/southcarolinamon00sout/page/n5/mode/2up</a><br /><br />U.S. News<br /><a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/south-carolina/articles/2021-09-22/south-carolinas-confederate-monument-protection-law-upheld">https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/south-carolina/articles/2021-09-22/south-carolinas-confederate-monument-protection-law-upheld</a><br /></span></p> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 13th, 1879 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Jacob Dopudja, Alyssa Nusbaum Type The nature or genre of the resource Stone Sculpture monument Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402-A Fall 2020 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Columbia, South Carolina Language A language of the resource English 19th Century Columbia Common Soldier South Carolina State Capitols