1
10
2
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
John C. Hunton Headstone Front
Description
An account of the resource
New headstone for John C. Hunton, dedicated in September 2010, towering over the original headstone.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dawnleelynn
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
24 August 2017
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Ian Hodges
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
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620187a9ca366a460d047837dacc7692
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
John C. Hunton Headstone Back
Description
An account of the resource
The back of John C. Hunton’s new headstone dedicated in September 2010.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dawnleelynn
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
24 August 2017
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Ian Hodges
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
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4cb38f997f8d775ffab3dccda54b506d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1870s Image of John C. Hunton
Description
An account of the resource
Black and white photo of John C. Hunton
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
L.G. “Pat” Flannery and Michael Griske
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
WYOHISTORY.ORG
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1870-1880
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Ian Hodges
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The photos of John Hunton and Pat Flannery are from the author’s collections. Used with permission and thanks.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Lost Cause in the Far West
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
402A Fall 2023
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Denver, Colorado
Leesburg, Idaho
San Antonio, New Mexico
Cheyenne, Wyoming
St. George, Utah
Description
An account of the resource
This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories.
Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Consult sources for each item in the collection.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Leesburg, Idaho 1866
St. George, Utah 1911
Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936
Denver, Colorado 2003
Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
John C. Hunton’s Gravestone, Cheyenne, Wyoming
Subject
The topic of the resource
John C. Hunton’s Gravestone
Description
An account of the resource
This Gravestone was unveiled in 2010 by the Daughters of the Confederacy and the Wyoming Pioneers Association to commemorate the Confederate soldier, John C Hunton. The original grave was a smaller headstone with the letters J. H. on it. The new grave has his date of birth and death, as well as his rank and regiment in the confederate army.
John C. Hunton was born January 18, 1839 at Madison Courthouse in Virginia. He would join the United States military at the age of 18, and would see his first military service at Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Hunton’s home in Madison Virginia was in the borderland between the North and the South, the area where families split due to the differences to their loyalties at the start of the secession; John C Hunton would choose the South. John C Hunton would serve with the Confederate army of Northern Virginia in Virginia's Seventh Infantry, and would help lead Pickett's Charge in the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, in 1867, like many disillusioned Southerners, he would move westward, and Hunton’s destination was Wyoming’s Fort Laramie. From there, he worked as a clerk and general aid in the store, and during the winter of 1867, he even shared a room with the famous government scout Jim Bridger.
In 1870, John Hunton received a contract to supply Fort Laramie with wood, and during the next ten years, his government contracts would expand into a large business. He would go on to supply hay, beef, charcoal, lime and other commodities to Camp McKinney as well as to Fort Laramie, also hauling freight for the military to Fort Fetterman, Fort Steele, Fort Phil Kearny, Fort Reno, and Fort C.F. Smith. In 1871, he became half owner of the SO cattle with W. G. Bullock, this herd being the first in the Wyoming area, aside from some work oxen. In the same year, Hunton would open a road ranch at Bordeaux, south of Wheatland. By the 1880s, Hunton would become one of the territory’s most prominent citizens, opening a hotel in Bordeaux and was elected Laramie County commissioner. The era of great cattle barons would end in a disastrous winter in 1886-87, leading to Hunton returning to Fort Laramie in 1889, this time as a post trader. This position would end in 1890, when the fort was abandoned, but would stay in the fort for many years. He became a United States Commissioner from 1892 to 1907, a volunteer weather observer for the weather department, and a civil engineer, surveying uncharted wilderness areas in north central and western Wyoming. Later in Hunton’s life, Hunton and his wife would move to Torrington, and on September 15th, 1926, John C Hunton would call the first meeting of the Wyoming Pioneer Association, an organization that aims to preserve Wyoming’s pioneer history. On September 4th, 1928, at the age of 89, John C Hunton would die, and would be buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Cheyenne. Due to the obscure location of the gravestone away from the everyday public eye, this monument has not received any controversy from any outside group.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United Daughters of the Confederacy
Wyoming Pioneer Association
The Veterans Administration
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. Shaw, Jerry. “Where You Can Find Confederate Flag Flying in Wyoming.” Newsmax, Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax Media, Inc., 2 Sept. 2015, www.newsmax.com/fastfeatures/confederate-flag-wyoming/2015/09/01/id/673106/.
2. Orr, Becky. “Overdue Recognition.” Wyoming Tribune Eagle, 11 Sept. 2010, www.wyomingnews.com/news/overdue-recognition/article_03605743-b7e5-5d4f-94ca-3b4189cc8b33.html.
3. Horan, Susan. “Archives West Finding Aid.” John Hunton Papers - Archives West, archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv174106. Accessed 15 Nov. 2023.
4. Roddam, Rick. “Wyoming’s Only Monument to a Confederate Soldier.” My Country 95.5, 24 Aug. 2017, mycountry955.com/wyomings-only-monument-to-a-confederate-soldier/.
5. Griske, Michael. “John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier.” John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier | WyoHistory.Org, 31 Dec. 2021, www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/john-hunton-and-his-diaries-wyoming-frontier.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
10 September 2010
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Ian Hodges
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Gravestone
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Hist 402A Fall 2023
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Cheyenne, Wyoming
21st Century
Cemetery
Daughters of the Confederacy
Gravestone
John C. Hunton
Veterans
Wyoming
Wyoming Pioneer Association
-
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1f07e77c46084680ea0afdf601dec83d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Backside of Monument
Description
An account of the resource
A backside look at the monument with its inscription
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Beau T Zacharias
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=64055">HMdb.org</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
February 20, 2013
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jacob Dopudja
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/copyright.asp">HMdb.org</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PNG
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3327ac69a35b130cc206789619aebdd6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Frontside of Monument
Description
An account of the resource
Frontside view with the inscription “VICTORY AWAITS YOU”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Beau T Zacharias
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=64055">HMdb.org</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
February 20, 2013
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jacob Dopudja
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/copyright.asp">HMdb.org</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
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7d01b0a5b0f0dba44043dbb2727e6a7d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Battle of Valverde Map
Description
An account of the resource
Map depicting roughly where the battle may have occurred within Socorro County.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
American Battlefield Protection Program
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nation Park Services
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 12, 2010
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jacob Dopudja
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PNG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
For Southern Independence Monument, Socorro, New Mexico
Description
An account of the resource
The monument is located in the Socorro Presbyterian Cemetery and was erected on February 24, 2012 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The pink granite monument weighs 5300 pounds and was mined from a Texas quarry. It is located on a burial plot that was given to the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 2006 by the Socorro Cemetery Association. The monument recreates the design of a traditional Confederate headstone that can be found in southern Confederate cemeteries. It was erected on the anniversary of the Battles for Socorro, which began on February 24, 1862, and ended with Union forces surrendering the following day. The purpose of the monument was to honor Texas citizens who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy in various conflicts in New Mexico during the Civil War. While New Mexico was not the main battle ground of the Civil War, some important battles, such as the Battle of Valverde, took place within Socorro County. The monument received backlash from the public as well as the Mayor of Socorro for its representation and for “glorifying” the Confederacy. Controversy also arose with the inscription of the granite slab, which refers to the Civil War as, “THE WAR FOR SOUTHERN INDEPENDENCE” as this distinction is part of the Lost Cause ideology. The inscription also takes a controversial stance by indicating that the Confederacy was the victim and that the memorialization is dedicated to those who gave their lives “IN THE DEFENSE OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA.” In July 2020, following a movement for Confederate monuments removal in the aftermath of the killing of George Floyd, the monument was vandalized. A person used what appeared to have been a firearm to deface the monument. No plan for the removal of the monument had been made as of December 2021.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
February 24, 2012
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jacob Dopudja, Michael Danciu
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Monument
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2021
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Socorro, New Mexico
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sons of Confederate Veterans and Daughters of the Confederacy
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<ul><li><span style="font-weight:400;">Bateau, Suzanne. “Confederate Memorial Erected in Socorro Cemetery”. El Defensor Chieftain (original upload). Reuploaded on Dixie Outfitters. February 18, 2012.</span> <a href="https://dixieoutfitters.com/2015/04/04/memorial-in-socorro-cemetery/"><span>https://dixieoutfitters.com/2015/04/04/memorial-in-socorro-cemetery/</span></a></li>
<li>Bateau, Suzanne. “Confederate Memorial Sparks Controversy in Socorro”. Albuquerque Journal. February 28, 2012. <a href="https://www.abqjournal.com/90679/confederate-memorial-creates-controversy-in-socorro.html">https://www.abqjournal.com/90679/confederate-memorial-creates-controversy-in-socorro.html</a><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight:400;">“For Southern Independence”. HMdb.org. June 24, 2012. Revised June 16, 2016. </span><a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=64055"><span>https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=64055</span></a><span style="font-weight:400;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight:400;">“Socorro Mayor Wary Of Confederate Memorial”. KOAT Action News. February 29, 2012. </span><a href="https://www.koat.com/article/socorro-mayor-wary-of-confederate-memorial/5039425">https://www.koat.com/article/socorro-mayor-wary-of-confederate-memorial/5039425</a></li>
<li><span>Nathanson, Rick. “The South Shall Not Rise in Socorro”. Albuquerque Journal. August 2, 2020. </span><a href="https://www.abqjournal.com/1481896/the-south-shall-not-rise-in-socorro.html"><span>https://www.abqjournal.com/1481896/the-south-shall-not-rise-in-socorro.html</span></a></li>
</ul>
21st Century
Cemetery
New Mexico
Socorro
Sons of Confederate Veterans
United Daughters of the Confederacy