1 10 1 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1d3941d7a52d204ee7b4f93d895e3dbc.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=SPLXQ5eopo5LDe2SEBZ00FJhN%7Ejzjph0kA3rWx5LgCzI4yTWNuMUms3xGjJ2KWVXyaLbRnasxwLCQxHfGXNvaijK4bdQE7tZZi9ukqyD7YFJ6eN3f-utXxYRz-xTrCgkBS4B10O4rRyGZhERm20N64R7yLB7kJ3Q7y5oUPO8dwpUBDW9VhHbWGkHSIWiLxsD-9gJpOGHjMYUMapRpOWy3Qxpn03JNpiana723j5aPVfKJP4f1V4uV6fnybQnMJTN3o4vUkkk-wIw7XbA1myLVL-zH09U0F3DxeekTf-TzUu0tclySHegfDH5EM4fvNJ1X-UoqZfFmYseJ4HmJ13o5Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 37946d494439bacf7710dba4a2bdbd45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource J.E.B. Stuart Monument Description An account of the resource The Stuart Circle Hospital facing the J.E.B. Stuart statue on Monument Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Staff at Richmond Times-Dispatch Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Richmond Times-Dispatch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1954 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://richmond.com/news/local/photos-richmonds-monument-avenue-through-the-years/collection_f483c3cc-b7af-11e3-84f6-0017a43b2370.html#4 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c946eff48467a1e6209fde528c3d1bb7.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=HfrG6UzsK8LvkRCJb9RIJDgQHg38nnd6oelhmIIzpXu%7E-pq2p6HxsBF9rnolwjo%7EvW-mzVNC7u-rfHepsj2EG0DBIYkykxs1782AZ51hpGKTNnRVyHccGBH5gAle9598k0N3RgMOciH9M26CTkKha7UDWsBCdwRp2e-7XBqigtIZ8eYvcDga9BNlIBP%7EJnqgrsQDa1hW5igTJhzMRAnMMW4m8zPWDNVCND0Lvx81pJtwXYaML58F7nQ3JbUAWtq0quX0U2NQ2aKVl1w4jzUcLLkDnFg264QcLv2TLYpE0otDkhdMZ3-lLDU90kzxOfGt51sOJM5X2pZtjjZGsM02Yw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b2ec28a4e8348946b6aac9cecfbfe649 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unveiling Ceremony Description An account of the resource Protestors and supporters attend the unveiling ceremony of the Arthur Ashe monument at Monument Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bob Brown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Richmond-Times Dispatch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 July 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://richmond.com/news/local/photos-richmonds-monument-avenue-through-the-years/collection_f483c3cc-b7af-11e3-84f6-0017a43b2370.html#11 Type The nature or genre of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/454376c2c6f2971177117b98cafdc279.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=stqrE7TDc4d9eDARJv6YmzEXe%7E5MhfLoOkR7vk9ns5z24vZv0khPeeRAvqY5mIlRaJM%7EBBIPVxvhvPqzLriBFuYraZjv9NYVGurPymdN1WAsBViYqZKDkAKMvsBW9hA7qE1Q3QZN9VYua7WiXv-P5U4lp-wAffVX9n-2ZAIK4VDsbTKTGKo9-0oofswEFelqDKAz1er4WK4nwmGpaOLNu2tvcgZiBpfTItQp1vIAjdtRJ1tc3zPoyxjZOAMT2zE-DNX2qPZb2FzVC9qLSVAMzAxD3Qfqp2Op%7Eb7fj4l6SoTyG2hsCObJ4%7E94rK4KhxiJYS0JR1eyYCNAbpv9BfE95g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 042976ba905b090b2c80dfc9f4a5bf3a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arthur Ashe Monument Description An account of the resource A closer look at the Arthur Ashe Monument. The inscription states, "Since we are surrounded by so great a crowd of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us. Hebrews 12:1" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve Helber Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Geographic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 July 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2020/06/as-monuments-fall-how-does-the-world-reckon-with-a-racist-past Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Rise and Fall of Monument Avenue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yuan Chiang, Art Hernandez, Melanie Vigil, Steven Mang, Monique Garcia, Sean Ghafourian, Max Bezanilla, and Kareem Khaled. Description An account of the resource This collection is on the history of Monument Avenue. Rather than focusing on each individual monument, this collection aims to present a holistic view of Monument Avenue's development and history. Monument Avenue is located in Richmond, Virginia and is an area embued with controversy due to its former status as the capital of the Confederacy.  <br /><br />Richmond, Virgina is just 100 miles south of Washington DC. Following the secession of Virginia and the fall of Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War, Richmond was designated the capitol of the Confederacy in 1861. The Civil War ended when the city fell to Union forces in April 1865 which signaled the end of the Confederate government as well as Robert E. Lee surrending his army at Appomattox Courthouse shortly after. While most government records were destoyed during the turmoil of evacuation along with a subsequent fire, the city has since become home to various monuments and museums remembering the Confederacy. <br /><br />Beggining with the dedication of the Robert E. Lee statue in 1890, and four additional monuments in the following decades, Monument Avenue quickly developed into the symbolic center of Richmond's Confederate past. Both beloved and despised by different communities of Richmond's diverse population, the battle over Monument Avenue's future continues as citizens debate the meaning and legacy of the Confederacy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, Fall 2021, and Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2. Monument Avenue in the Civil Rights Era and After Description An account of the resource The practice of memorializing Virginia’s central role in the American Civil War emphasized Lost Cause ideology while simultaneously avoiding the issues of racism and the ongoing harm to the descendants of the formerly enslaved population of the state. The Civil Rights Era signified a shift in the debate over the role of Monument Avenue in the former Confederate capital city. The centennial of the Civil War renewed Monument Avenue’s role as a preserver of Southern heritage and legacy. Subsequently, the mobilization of African American political organizations coupled with the flight of the white population away from the city, and towards the suburbs, initiated a fear of an African American political majority among the white elites in Richmond. These political elites believed that the rise of an African American majority would result in the tearing down of both the monuments and the ideology which the avenue had come to represent over the decades. Such a fear influenced local politics in 1965 when the Richmond City Planning Commission (CPC) examined plans to modernize Monument Avenue and centralize the city’s Confederate iconography. These proposals were laid out in the December 1965 pamphlet, Design for Monument Avenue. The plan to remove the brick surface lining the avenue and instead replace it for an asphalt surface, as a traffic-friendly corridor, created significant controversy. There was a fear that the historical look of Monument Avenue would be erased in favor of a more modern image. Out of these fears grew a political coalition of like minded preservationists called the Monument Avenue Preservation Society (MAPS). While the CPC had attempted to streamline and extend the marketable imagery of the Confederacy on Monument Avenue, MAPS prevented modernization and kept the statues where they had originally been dedicated. The society for preservation described Monument Avenue as a “bridge from past to present,” and reasoned that it was “incumbent upon the community today to be aware of this heritage and the artifacts which preserve it, so that our activities reinforce rather than obscure those elements of our heritage which we value.” Instead of modernizing the avenue, MAPS convinced the CPC to add more statues, both significant and relevant, to the Lost Cause narrative. One such statue was the project of sculptor Salvador Dali who had been commissioned to create a monument dedicated to Sally Tompkins. Known as the “Angel of the Confederacy,” Tompkins operated Robertson Hospital which regularly treated Confederate soldiers. The furor over Dali’s proposal ultimately defused the 1965 and 1966 efforts to expand the memorial strip since it would possibly alter the public’s familiar perception of Monument Avenue. While the CPC and the Virginia General Assembly did extend protection over the avenue, ensuring the statues could not be removed by an African American majority, attempts to introduce new statues ground to a halt. The addition of another statue would not come until the 1990s with the death of beloved Virginia activist and athlete, Arthur Ashe. After his passing, the Richmond City Council looked for a way to memorialize the local hero. The proposed statue, designed by local sculptor Paul DiPasquale, and approved by Arthur Ashe prior to his passing, was originally intended to be placed outside of the Hard Road to Glory Hall, a never realized hall of fame for African American athletes. The 24-foot bronze and granite statue was hotly debated for a potential spot on Monument Avenue. The opposition to Ashe’s placement on Monument Avenue argued that the statue would tarnish the Civil War theme established by the original monument association. However, calls for inclusivity prevailed, and the statue was dedicated on July 10th, 1996. The monument to Ashe remains to this day on the far western edge of Monument Avenue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Barbee, M. M. Race and Masculinity in Southern Memory: History of Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue, 1948-1996. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez, Sean Ghafourian, and Kareem Khaled Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020, 2021, 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond, Virginia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-1996 Arthur Ashe Civil Rights Movement Monument Avenue Richmond Virginia