1 10 6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/4fc7948ed7f2b60d4bcc6b9e67b3c99d.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=VDQVMzneth%7EzOWB2vI9sWZ1ULmjE7RuLNAeKBGQhUSeVlX%7Ef1ACWiZFIOBMLbIrrVGKhHprjD-PBDlK5wgI0Yc8gyYnCL-DOC9lrw5fth2Hz0ReTj60aAYEWqH0HNgCeOh0fmDGSp0mGPXtF6EeODxdYgQCm-vmCkpsxXjglZIGuFsTqG-L8AxIpmqtGS%7EGnvpJ%7E4M1Hq2mUW7FvU7CfXNug7jzKAqYRLZTO-Uh3O14ioPlXp7HP%7EUEft0jmOAzizNsazrjlXI3A3budcgDnU75xyZ%7E-22d2uDm1iJxZqE4FA0nhtMo4EbyXk0yZGTlJlwZ7yQuEEIgYlqBld9SGcA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0f0072dba0ee95bb434767a920143970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Corrective Plaque of Robert Selden Garnett and his Contribution to the Great Seal of California. Description An account of the resource The plaque was installed by the city in 2017 and later removed extralegally in protest. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nic Coury Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Monterey County Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 18, 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sergio Sifuentes, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Monterey County Weekly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/54443c270f42ee3bb92d172b2758ba96.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=vPGiGkmtjYckz4QzwL58p3-RO7IbfM7UNb3Op-LWUc8u9Vckq134fjIj1ynB5Mx0ZghJPJdq66nB5m2YHk0soiJ%7EZxd3yXoW7UUdJ9ibaU3QLd2K2jxa9TzicafGPdkAot-hnkNfYEmXcjUVJpD6Z8H4czC1AuuGMEpCSy%7EVQQoM%7EjL-T4lCz6gKK5oBrYIgMLr2FJ93CgcxxMiPH-qBFOIN3%7EgDbZDyS2-IgHGfJ0iZC8dPqXMD3kWBoAmP4DB-3F1bntSTMxEWZKUfu%7E116fdn4IZiFjBZHL97OCgYOGanK34AoXCtDnZtlP2x87nIT6viZ6CzX3BTIUNVkcB8ZA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 655940508c0678e5ebde6bc5958a079b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Selden Garnett, CSA Description An account of the resource A portrait of CSA leader, Robert Selden Garnett, the man behind the creation of the Great Seal of California. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Between 1860 and 1870 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sergio Sifuentes, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/df7bee95ece11b6b98104f2baf758fea.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=viDb-z2qJbsKBX3qQui4YMCvWxGR26gcjPdcy1ir4OKt6JG2E8nocK5dE2-iuFSSbml3CZazNvP5OZGEHHY%7EKgY2L4aISJK4WqHYUq6OIHK0orFT8ubpwpsSa194b1jHzTpo%7EysisRgKeLXjmz7s7xxsYfIGpN7ouN%7EBb05F8gKSjpw6zysmMJeZtF0F0aQW7bJ32-nZK61qE2fPtG8mRLGRbA0dpCZ16vi-se-BWnV2d6Q23KmvGrUO%7EDNWT9cl%7EfTdfFk6Gno15jHxkSk0XDbukAcrJIWD%7Ew-AjTRLWFvyB0rZjVubjKQxE1EHM0cMYzQPYQlIlp7UJ%7ELQMrMzOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9af3344e583368eaa2fb3043833004d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Original Robert Selden Garnet Monument in Monterey Description An account of the resource The original inscription and plaque honoring Robert Selden Garnett and his Confederate history. It was removed quietly by the city of Monterey in 2017. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew Ruppenstein Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Historical Marker Database Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 22, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sergio Sifuentes, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource HMdb.org Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c28902a8fe81ae827233c0cc2e51ab61.png?Expires=1792627200&Signature=iI6MekLmmT2NT3c1UFJucvK6jAFc9sdxFOa8xyRSAh8cYFzTWAhjsTkRRTM0A3wGm1tEnY5oJFl8wazYQWdaQ2klAaccHRMzfXVpNJDYk%7EVkR2DWCRfgugvFuKsmHOofx9iMltNVphkTVwcJps5v4QcsylSL%7E6DEKbcGAZ-g%7EM0uf%7E80SFaY7sUb6m9t2glGpT70iuIHOc25wAhgN-OoHv71HnV6Dhy0i7oFaQwlXSQ-Gtz6n3QsMu2QJzgZw9AZvClg2SVdxm-0UsPTZuoMnF-rLumU7uWCtdI-rN03PGc8SZVurH8VU-MDDoQCuWRcK5A1WFFwbIvjsiTDeYIQIw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 445a5f7751076a61e8d84119348feb40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Seal of the State of California Description An account of the resource Currently in commission, this is the seal that Robert Selden Garnett designed during the 1849 constitutional convention at Colton Hall. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zscout370 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 2007 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sergio Sifuentes, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Selden Garnett Marker, Monterey, California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sergio Sifuentes, Madison Hardrick Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United Daughters of the Confederacy and Monterey Mayor Dan Searle Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: May 4, 1957 Reinstalled: 2017 Destroyed: June 13, 2020 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze and Granite Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Monterey, California Description An account of the resource In Monterey, California, a monument to Confederate General Robert Selden Garnett found a home for over 60 years. This controversial marker of the "Lost Cause," erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) with the support of the city's mayor, shows how extensive the Lost Cause narrative has been--even in the history of California. Born on December 16, 1819, to a slave-owning family in Essex County, Virginia, Garnett was a seasoned officer of the U.S. Army with various campaigns under his resume before the Civil War. He fought in the invasion of Mexico of 1846-48. After he finished helping the United States achieve territorial expansion at Mexico’s expense, the decorated soldier became involved in one of U.S. history's most appalling events, known as the Trail of Tears. In 1850, Garnett drove out ninety-seven Seminole tribe members from Florida, relocating them farther west from their ancestral lands. Garnett remained an active participant of violence against the indigenous in the late 1850s as he decimated indigenous groups in the Washington Territory. Garnett is also credited with the creation of the seal of the State of California during the 1849 constitutional convention at Colton Hall in Monterey. As the antebellum South began its secession from the Union, Garnett followed by example, committing treason by joining the Confederate military. Resigning from his post as a major in the United States military, Garnett was bestowed the rank of brigadier general by the Confederacy. He died in battle on July 13, 1861, becoming the first Confederate general to be killed during the Civil War, sacrificing his life for slavery. On May 4, 1957, 100 years after Garnett’s death, the UDC dedicated a plaque to the Confederate general with Monterey Mayor Dan Searle presiding in support during the ceremony. For 60 years, the 12-by-16-inch bronze and granite monument remained in obscurity, even after the Southern Poverty Law Center's efforts to map Confederate monuments across the United States. Soon after the 2017 neo-Nazi rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, city officials agreed to remove the monument quietly rather than wait for it to be extralegally removed or vandalized by activists. In the monument's original location, the city of Monterey installed a similar bronze plaque commemorating the creation of the seal of California, leaving out the Confederate history of its creator. However, the reinstalled plaque endured less than three years before being destroyed in June 2020. The unknown perpetrator left a note written on cardboard that read “Celebrate real heroes. No place of honor for racists.” According to the Monterey County Weekly, the city of Monterey does not plan to pursue criminal charges or replace the plaque. Inscription: “The Great Seal of the State of California designed by Major Robert Selden Garnet, U.S Army, and adopted by the constitutional convention of 1849 at Monterey. Commissioned a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army. He was killed in West Virginia in 1861, the first general officer to fall in the war between the states, erected by California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy May 4, 1957.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Bergeron, Arthur. "Garnett, Robert S. (1819–1861)" Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (12 Feb. 2021). Web. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/garnett-robert-s-1819-1861. 2. Shalev, Asaf. “There Was a Confederate Monument in Monterey, but People Only Noticed after It Was Removed.” Monterey County Weekly, 4 July 2019, https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/people/831/there-was-a-confederate-monument-in-monterey-but-people-only/article_774cd478-9dde-11e9-bf70-efdaf0b4a3c3.html. 3. Shalev, Asaf. “Monterey Won't Replace Colton Hall Monument That Was Torn out over Confederacy Connection.” Monterey County Weekly, 18 June 2020, https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/monterey-won-t-replace-colton-hall-monument-that-was-torn-out-over-confederacy-connection/article_c286ab7c-b0f1-11ea-9d6d-0372c95d08cb.html. California CSA Leaders Monterey Removed United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c97ec3c721fe539824a6ee7f253a1bde.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=TDxHdMf7b1hsSf7O4xDNZCF5-zMzd--Ln%7EyYbrMAtVmap4y%7E8Pq3cnTH7wcnMQLKJCF-sOEfPLeLogqScinngAlKPMxY2cAQMQIrNAk1NLsbnZkv4W0o62WzR%7ECUBktb3QPd1ffE48VMGKOkv1UMmOAtvkkFSK4fPm7bnIW9KugtfXYZRZMwVcjs5Jm3cRC1hwWP2eX8MwPqpFnv1%7Ed0awua-FOjrfnJvBmUpzSka1zRUkJ7xYpAsRT-aoYm6mih4OhEVMBaxlvyw9vM%7Eq%7ExiuC4V%7E3ec3%7EchfSyuMGE9UfAgFZHX0L8nnXhEUACi4fwXiE0u4LH7YYZiItWK8xNew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 05254e64aec764cc5eb61a7d85036464 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of the Mount Hope Memorial from Howard Lipin of the San Diego Union Tribune. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Howard Lipin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available San Diego Union Tribune. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sean Ghafourian, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource San Diego Union Tribune. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/dec7a0a77537906171aa044f048dfb02.jpeg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=l9JKQu7b8HhPAiOc4LKMut5OYkTIYOUT6TSDUwSmOflXdfb7hE9RPHoTfb3IWIF4uK3HrcWXwHezQeV%7E0%7EUmT6zpQPIuTTiZANSl2ocMxdUKzWYmMuqYaBS8ZKlk-0hh-6m%7EmKw-%7EezL0T8W2bCMKJz7hxXnWwMHqqUZ6MrafwY9idsIeWOurJuOgqoS%7EJOXst%7EiR5AfDyhnsxkzvIuyAkQos1SOSiaoXcWC1IWIU7zEtKNp-QovXFt0OISfrEYDjISGT-BOqoA4hD%7E51s7QzVFOShc6eNtY8gYmLWLx2YrGPUpswhReDbOKf26H1eefx1BcUJ2MF8jkX5COroo9ug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1d7bfe5f0b597489db465d3876462fd9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of Vandalized Mount Hope Memorial from Kim Mathis. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Mathis Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Photo of Vandalized Mount Hope Memorial stating "This is a monument to hatred and white supremacy." in red spray paint. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sean Ghafourian, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kim Mathis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/ec79688c13d10e10d33381a4355a8247.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=jP5pBciZ-MWdAH24ww3Z8p%7El46N2TH3PAyAz27rSVCUHm-SKqNIRJaDphy%7E5FwM8fJiyrjup0hpXXZpl2elOYBsuhuw6SAbBWPNf0uPakOCPpU9UXdnwq2e9ZPCwFjafl6sWbGiz-9os4YNKhFjB943%7E6FJh8gboTqm1Q1Yg8Xp9kAEKroOBsAI38tFYECzUTy0AgNPa7fV7%7EILIq7VBHy1rXa0TGvZ%7EDoWx4B%7ENhkoKvvH%7ETLFmhBUNMTjiWDViJA%7ElF7SHJ50VUVENzAO3Doqz-TOrM3n0IHNgFkwOKVhTYvOl9dpoYQioj84ejRoulBy4xN%7EEJ2kM7PYefnQvMg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cdc31bb2af384951a603b6fa7363d535 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo of Removed Mount Hope Memorial. Courtesy of Jerry Hall. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Jerry Hall & Civic Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sean Ghafourian, Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource An image taken of the now removed Mount Hope Memorial's plot Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Jerry Hall & Civic Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Mount Hope Cemetery, San Diego Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sean Ghafourian, Madison Hardrick Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: 1948 Removed: July 2020 Type The nature or genre of the resource Granite Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant San Diego, California Description An account of the resource The Mount Hope Cemetery Memorial represented the continuation of the Lost Cause legacy as it stretched into the Golden State. The memorial continued this legacy by honoring the soldiers who fought to preserve slavery. It resides in San Diego, California’s Mount Hope Cemetery, a cemetery that has been serving its community since 1869. The cemetery itself is owned by the city of San Diego therefore operating on public land. According to the city however, the plot by which the monument was located is privately owned. The owner of that plot is the Stonewall Jackson Chapter 476 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. They purchased the plot in 1905 and erected the monument in 1948. The city maintained the monument for the duration of its residency in the cemetery. The monument appears to be made of granite. It consists of three joined blocks each with lines of text. When facing the monument, the leftmost block reads "Dedicated to Confederate Veterans and their Wives Herein Buried". The central and tallest block reads, "Stonewall Jackson Chapter 476, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Organized in 1901”. The rightmost block reads, “For their work and devotion in securing this plot and monument we lovingly remember Mattie S. Davis, Mary K. Carter, Kathryn C. Blackenburg”. The monument sat underneath the American flag, surrounded by gravestones of Confederate and Union soldiers. A flashpoint in the Mount Hope Monument’s history occurred in the aftermath of the killings during the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. After those events a national reckoning took place over the use of Confederate monuments in public spaces. For many people, these confederate monuments represent a minimization the role slavery had in the Civil War. This minimization of slavery is believed to help contribute to the racial inequities of today. This includes monuments such as the Mount Hope Memorial. As a result, the Mount Hope Memorial faced numerous amounts of vandalism. In one instance pieces of the monument were chiseled off. In another instance the monument was painted red with the words “This is a monument to racism and white supremacy” written on it. Similarly, an effort to petition the mayor to remove the monument took place with significant support. In July of 2020, the Mount Hope Monument was taken down at the request of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Many assume this was in response to the growing number of vandalism occurrences. The monument is currently held in city storage. Although the monument’s fate is unknown, its presence served as a reminder for many of the continued inequities that persist in contemporary America. While others may continue to push the notion that the Confederacy fought a noble cause and for states rights, the scars of slavery continue to influence an unequal reality of racism today. Mount Hope’s Confederate Memorial reminds individuals that if this history is ignored, then individuals will take matters into their own hands. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United Daughters of the Confederacy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chen, Michael. “Confederate monument removed from plot in city-owned Mount Hope Cemetery”. ABC 10 News San Diego. San Diego, California. 23 July. 2020. <a href="https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/confederate-monument-removed-from-plot-in-city-owned-mount-hope-cemetery">https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/confederate-monument-removed-from-plot-in-city-owned-mount-hope-cemetery</a>. Dotinga, Randy. “San Diego's Other Confederate Memorial Sits in a City-Owned Cemetery”. Voice of San Diego. San Diego, California. 18 August. 2017. <a href="https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/meet-s-d-s-other-confederate-memorial/">https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/meet-s-d-s-other-confederate-memorial/.</a> Hall, Jerry. “Mr. Mayor, Remove Confederate Monument Celebrating Slavery from Public Mount Hope Cemetery”. Change.org. <a href="https://www.change.org/p/mr-mayor-remove-confederate-monument-celebrating-slavery-from-public-mt-hope-cemetery/u/27216094">https://www.change.org/p/mr-mayor-remove-confederate-monument-celebrating-slavery-from-public-mt-hope-cemetery/u/27216094</a>. “Mount Hope Cemetery”. The City of San Diego. <a href="https://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/general-info/mthope">https://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/general-info/mthope</a>. Wilkens, John. “For some, Civil War furor is personal”. The San Diego Union-Tribune. San Diego, California. 28 June. 2015. <a href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-confederate-flag-civil-war-reaction-2015jun28-story.html">https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-confederate-flag-civil-war-reaction-2015jun28-story.html.</a> Language A language of the resource English 20th Century California Cemetery Charlottesville Memorial Monument Removed San Diego Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/528ae5a411b379dbd00e851b845aac61.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=iBsIVNFJwczzHK6Wnx3K565EG3l8kwm50aAAchLvUPnTpIfss5bIpgbH4KShxlki1Z0NkcOZRCcOkfm-Ihz3P%7EGsxjKKA3kY8a%7EvnWwrb%7Ek9eju2ZoVlXV-lmZzvZcU3MQJVlkB8JMANfGY7860vNBDMrA5UpMNqsFvvPFPTHn6PiPZL1PqNkctyP6-PhkZwf1sI2jCbCJwI3EIJXRTzBl0pp7KaxcrJJ6eobjGhPW3iYl9U%7E41zon1gc0FK8hHQQgqsvbwEl3YtgXmCciUn4-wt1FxFt%7EyTYhtrHIY%7EgipuS0MZqO60tNoVPz7MGnuKFdZSyroNNahK2nzm6sxZvQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0340463cbdf1b0678143ee4ae665cbe5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jefferson Davis Highway Marker Description An account of the resource Photo of metal plaque/marker at Horton Plaza Park, San Diego, CA. Inscription: "First Pacific Terminal, Jefferson Davis Highway. Presented to City of San Diego May 12, 1926, by California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy. Replaced May 12, 1956” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "San Diego - Downtown," AA Roads. Updated September 10, 2012. https://www.aaroads.com/california-highways/san-diego-downtown/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AA Roads Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Taken May, 14, 2012. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AA Roads Contributor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c860aab5ccfab8de2c01497b4e835bd2.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=LlXQqZopdO0qQGkEBvfKP8dMBVip4s-AvugotRVVFgaTdpkHH3wTNqK0WUzDQz9JQUxu9smj1mP3z4UuB2rseqb4R2f2QZm1gbD5XdAJuK3DXtSXrV3cah6CkH-0DNfctoyVL-rtJhcRDvUeoVwqAFSl3DegQwYJJLhxt1g1OsDx3O1x9hHD0lYBenvzZC0bg3kzlBb1ME-lQWNGYj%7EFtOMVgSu2TsCWrp-iwVChVSqTxtcE7rihM4xPGt6WSAtvItECcrZFrCerEVXzuax8TZ-oBBV-GWsLPRwhvL9p%7E8E%7EGdMSSgCqqoSSJHVZCNz-pxa2ULF6tJi267Q%7EG5dcQA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cee9c38f4fcdc5b0d44b788424f98695 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Horton Plaza Park, Marker location Description An account of the resource Photo of metal plaque/marker at Horton Plaza Park, San Diego, CA. Marker is located on the floor in between a fountain on the corner of 4th and Broadway and the US Grant Hotel. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "San Diego - Downtown," AA Roads. Updated September 10, 2012. https://www.aaroads.com/california-highways/san-diego-downtown/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AA Roads Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 14, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AA Roads Contributor https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/707e22b7b17bd08b1560fde05883ccf6.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=hA4bY0VLmaATG8ytzNv8G3r6SrMtW-X8aR6aYKmVlU9jhJOA2unfueywXW2-1BbQ4cZ3pbMEzRKKtI2AjBRjPYmcSPCZwyLIwnfb4dONaM68D2qc%7EHcEHgXzo4mSnk1mEGfMfa%7E%7E1nriQ5ar0YC8Sib%7E-goqQXZ8Qki-xzoT6876Mk3qRxf8hte5EddeNWyoqY57-tSNQELmlWg5N8uXhHeT9m-5uzd8OVtWWzNXI1tHhEUm9jz-SdXcemZ8eH0q6kOUqS9F%7ESbe78aZkNoRqqVRj74uLZUH84mOflwvaq-Q3c5FhM9cnFhD25sN6-d065eVSNoXrn0HtYzN1tEWdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6a2f98cd315ad39fb68ee6eef02b804c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource US80 Historic Map - from 'Parsa's American Roads' Description An account of the resource Map of US 80, formerly the Dixie Overland Highway, which was once part of Jefferson Davis Highway portion ending in San Diego, CA. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steven C. Varner Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Creative Commons & Flikr Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 6, 2014 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "US80 Historic Map - from 'Parsa's American Roads'" by clamshack is licensed with CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jefferson Davis Highway (JDH) Plaque, Horton Plaza Park, San Diego Description An account of the resource Jefferson Davis Highway (JDH), named after the Confederacy’s first and only president from 1861-1865, was once meant to be a coast-to-coast highway from Arlington, Virginia to San Diego, California. Construction began in 1913 and was funded by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). It was never completed so sections remained along with their old highway markers [1]. The JDH was never completed after it failed to compete with the previously constructed 1913 coast-to-coast, New York to San Francisco, Lincoln Highway dedicated to the Union by “the wealthy auto enthusiast Carl G. Fisher and a group of industry boosters and wealthy philanthropists like Thomas Edison and Theodore Roosevelt” [1]. Since JDH was constructed initially to compete with the Union-supported Lincoln Highway, it linked together many places in support or friendly with the Confederate Lost Cause. At least 250 JDH markers were renamed in the 1920s to the new federal government-imposed numbering system [2]. The highway portions became today’s US 1, US 15, US 29, US 80, US 90, US 99, and US 190. However, many - like San Diego’s Horton Plaza Park - kept their JDH markers alongside their new number markers. Originally a large obelisk located ironically across from the Ulysses S. Grant Hotel, the San Diego JDH obelisk marker was removed the same year (1926) of its placement due to strong opposition. A plaque was installed in place of the obelisk by the UDC California Division on May 12, 1926, and later restored in 1956 [3][4]. In the 1980s, during the construction of Horton Plaza, it was re-embedded in the new sidewalk after being removed from the previous sidewalk. The San Diego JDH plaque was removed after protests to the San Diego City Council. It was removed by the city on August 16, 2017, at 8:30 am, and the city plans to return the plaque to its original benefactors, the UDC [5]. As of November 8th, 2021, fifteen local military leaders will make up the Military, Veteran, and Families Advisory Council to help advise San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria on military or veteran-related issues. The panel includes eight women and seven men from every service branch. As well as a "veteran small-business owner, a military spouse, a military family caregiver, and someone transitioning from active duty to veteran status" [8]. Inscription: “First Pacific Terminal, Jefferson Davis Highway. Presented to City of San Diego May 12, 1926, by California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy. Replaced May 12, 1956” [3]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ol><li style="font-weight:400;">Blakemore, Erin. “The Lost Dream of a Superhighway to Honor the Confederacy,” The Atlantic, August 29, 2017. Accessed November 29, 2021. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/jefferson-davis-highways/538062/">https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/jefferson-davis-highways/538062/</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Strong, W.F. “Jefferson Davis Highway: The Persistence of a Confederate Memorial,” Texas Standard, July 1, 2020. Accessed November 29, 2021. <a href="https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/jefferson-davis-highway-the-persistence-of-a-confederate-memorial/">https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/jefferson-davis-highway-the-persistence-of-a-confederate-memorial/</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">“Jefferson Davis Highway,” California Division United Daughters of the Confederacy, March 18, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816163806/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~caudc/jdhway.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20170816163806/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~caudc/jdhway.htm</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Waite, Kevin. “California’s Forgotten Confederate History,” The New Republic, August 19, 2019. Accessed November 30, 2021. <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/154777/californias-forgotten-confederate-history">https://newrepublic.com/article/154777/californias-forgotten-confederate-history</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Stewart, Joshua. “Confederate plaque in San Diego has history of controversy, repeated removal,” The San Diego Union-Tribune, August 16, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. <a href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-confederate-monument-20170816-story.html">https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-confederate-monument-20170816-story.html</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Fox 5 Digital Team and Chen, Sharon. “San Diego Removed Plaque Honoring Confederate Leader Jefferson Davis,” San Diego History Center, August 16, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. <a href="https://sandiegohistory.org/press/san-diego-removes-plaque-honoring-confederate-leader-jefferson-davis/">https://sandiegohistory.org/press/san-diego-removes-plaque-honoring-confederate-leader-jefferson-davis/</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">CivicArchive. “Remove the Confederate monument from Horton Plaza Park immediately,” Change, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. <a href="https://chng.it/L2F2K6sb4H">https://chng.it/L2F2K6sb4H</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Garrick, David. "Panel getting praise from local politicians, advocacy groups for military," The San Diego Union-Tribune, November 8, 2021. Accessed December 11, 2021. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/story/2021-11-08/new-15-member-panel-created-to-advise-san-diego-mayor-on-issues-affecting-military-veterans</li> </ol> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: May 12, 1926 Removed: August 16, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grislean Palacios, Madison Hardrick Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Metal Plaque Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant San Diego, California 20th Century California CSA Leaders Historical Marker Jefferson Davis Plaque Removed San Diego United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/7684741450009e2439f950c0432faa14.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=bg6WMEC99jF00sZFGBuSgS1bPratnoNLsBfSTlDYByLNHraGzCLIRwFtdkJVraawcLoBLD5D%7Ek0eNM9KazoKCT76m1zw9MAMtfedL-QHtp%7EyACclvntHSEA-wS98c5KOxpfV9CMDbMt9H1HYE%7EbkwKF9%7EGsPTGPrCu6WuTpXPSrbnOogIrRIqNRdsGFcVGqu-pwPoNMi6qH9gs9Rv1x9kadE3nLuMoklltEf2M10X6zwCFc5CCAdGrnJSnxlb6vsFq67HgwY1WLp13yLEx9ZYsz3ZPxK-%7ETsSlHormVqmkTy0cVCBcYnrtCF8pq5sfsQ5TsqhQWkC6Mipnmk6n7ZYw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d2920f6006a0f21241b44d89693e9190 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Life After Death General Grant Tree Trail Description An account of the resource Even after they fall, sequoias endure. These trees resist decay, sometimes lasting for hundreds of even thousands of years on the forest floor. Pictured is the Robert E. Lee Tree (right) and Fallen Monarch (far left) of Grant Grove Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David Fulmer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.flickr.com/photos/daveynin/26523308253/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Flickr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25 March 2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kings Canyon National Park Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/24e532af1647030dc4b7590c80acb3ca.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=KbKeIXy2fsHJuxUFlMWxcGXk6V2rcwfYn1Efn3Cuz4w3K46oh97SG39%7El-UgbAnu6QYzch40NERwAxYR1O3fTco36TSTTg%7EY-c497Mw3ikgTNfdtRrs44OtxgZ7-KKyJdZqLqZfQFRQiRaETqBr7ZxjuJrcdGvd9dsSY99Iny4VnT2Q6LQSA8lkRHAFhMRcydtB5f-%7EBv6aGnom4kVRRmGgttCgTJtr8IWV-pyREB0E10Srt1NEvqXbR0k6p-xYbhVmLZEM4oyEm9P1oJzC7tOFt3al0qJzkvzWZCnZCV2anZwXPpE4ThwtpvEyCsq3wGHG%7ETDmJQAvkXX1TPtelLg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ec039b5a30a179e8f8c200962aa83054 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Description An account of the resource Photographed Portrait of Robert E. Lee. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mathew B. Brady Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/286612 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons CCO 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/3f8c88f400c93a70fe540e9f7ab8488c.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=HfBymYQOxfQg%7Eeknw4MvEkE9NGmY%7EaJzDsc5sOUyoP4PAEMJA9Mo1nmZ3ChiPhcCRW6et5ehhHfkgpPKShx80IPcd7lN7vrxWlgLvL1rZIR1opXdg9RovikdwajBWiPHXnr6cnIzbUkiHcz-tKNNMzJ%7E7Ow-crSKJc9Lrxj%7ED%7EbCGAFMsMCdEZCqmzbPb6xveRlusER%7E1KHf4zqYUenAHBqPxgJ-DyImGlx4e6gp%7EY3mC-p6TkvsmXDYWP-vjLD11U7R7SjNRiZ9XSTkfmpTlroIBLSpxtufNUG6jDY3DUFJS02Aoh1FnK6X3Tu9fx7vV2%7EtAjUEsKNWK1VLqmyXFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 258d81fd1f2835ce70563a6b37583dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E Lee Tree with Fallen Monarch Description An account of the resource The Robert E Lee Tree next to the Fallen Monarch in General Grant Grove, Kings Canyon National Park. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew Fresh Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.flickr.com/photos/afresh1/5031744938/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Flickr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11 September 2010 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f19b25e1d47993001bc69e2b4089e66c.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=qcmPMSJ6jOFf2oaPaWi3P7wODHLhmjrMuvDC0gcwypidxjB8ZaerjJvfmsMzDmEB3k4ZWPm-%7EDo76z5W2I0UL2zSGPCw7U-2bDYGhY1xV1ga71oBSg2y%7EHoeVpYFzHwbAQn-KKYb7%7EtalfGRqXDXqLjqwKlDjHwy9uVRvHZ6Pp3%7E67mCTvm6vek7-W7xVj3XKH3xTdGT2LVB0%7Ek4OEXu-U1p%7EOToP0lmYX7j4M5cTVoe%7EGjaWZugeIFaI0m%7EmA0rppiXdSKRrdgwrOOlGo39Pkg11HCm8SgtlEbr42Q3lwQh0oqwlF8KawHvHIRsWkMTPPldIVQc1fHHvFYKmU58AQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e7a233b702dc548bc63d1e22de14f1a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Men by Sequoia, Fallen Monarch in background Subject The topic of the resource Fallen monarch, General grant national park, Kings canyon national park, Negatives, Robert e. lee, Big trees, Giant Sequoia, Sequoia, Sequoias, Description An account of the resource Snow at Camp 6 June 6, 1907 1 - Reg Each V. Roberts [Sequoias] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry E. Roberts Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U. S. National Park Service Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 6, 1907 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restrictions apply on use and/or reproduction Relation A related resource https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/8b6a30d81b20452b90aed5200c69f246 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tiff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia Description An account of the resource The giant Sequoia is a marvel of nature. These are some of the largest trees in the world and they reside in Kings Canyon National Park in California. Each of these grand giants is named for historical figures. In this region, called Ulysses S. Grant Grove, there was a tree named after a slave owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee. The tree was named by a former Confederate lieutenant around 1875 [3], only ten years after the South was defeated. Ironically, the sequoia tree was found in the Union General Ulysses S. Grant section because these two generals fought each other late in the war with Grant prevailing. However, after the country experienced protests over the police murder of George Floyd, Robert E. Lee's name was removed from the tree. This does not mean General Lee has left California forests. At least two other giant sequoias--located in Yosemite and Sequoia national parks-- currently bear Lee's name [1]. The name removal would only be ceremonial because trees cannot be officially renamed without government involvement. The Kings Canyon tree was given a formal dedication by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1937 keeping the Lost Cause narrative alive in California [4]. It took 83 years for the park to decide to remove the defender of slavery's name from other public places [2]. There is sentiment for renaming the tree after the opposite of Lee, like African American abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass [2]. These majestic trees are a symbol of strength and by naming this one after a high-ranking member of the Confederate military, the Lost Cause narrative fused politics with nature. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Alexander, Kurtis. “National Park Service Removes Robert E. Lee's Name from Giant Sequoia.” San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco Chronicle, June 24, 2020. https://www.sfchronicle.com/nation/article/National-Park-Service-removes-Robert-E-Lee-s-15361079.php. 2. "Letters to the Editor: Four California Giant Sequoias are Named After Robert E. Lee. that's a Disgrace." Los Angeles Times Communications LLC, last modified Jun 19. 3. Grossi, Mark. 2009. "Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia Labeled as Hazard." McClatchy - Tribune Business News, Aug 05. https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/robert-e-lee-giant-sequoia-labeled-as-hazard/docview/465387801/se-2?accountid=9840. 4. Moffitt, Mike. 2020. "Sequoia, Kings Canyon to Erase Robert E. Lee's Name from Trees." TCA Regional News, Jun 23. https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/sequoia-kings-canyon-erase-robert-e-lees-name/docview/2416024848/se-2?accountid=9840. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Named in: 1975 Signage removed: June 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Park Concessionaire John Broder Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Natural Structure Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kings Canyon National Park, California California CSA Leaders General Lee Sequoia National Park Service Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Grove United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/12bb929ba96f3570b2c3009b7b9469c4.jpeg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=kValsxodL0E2QRFijoQBWGg%7Ec9v4lK9yFqulN%7E%7EZxZQdHsXshm%7E4W3Z4c3q3W0vl4FzdoMNAIgJF9x8BNVsP41ALrPQa5kj0GXO7qwdalfreipAaSWe0wrjy2Q-zRpQUra7uVVhP0I3PawkJCWhBMcXTc6pk%7EnrOIP56MaBrXovKCIDiRd3aWQiXBFGtYw8Y87uUNyZsUDNOs4BBZNe7dzNRC6MRZH7f0tGF93pauv-HbOrdjrPPyVQcktWNLvIEZcY9VEjQbccCzOCIZZx2BxnobgfTyZje-BWaLD3vTmJrRbheStseGgzDKSFBe7Mu4zlSLNNEmVBgIotlJRM%7E%7EQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2ca4a11bdbc9fe66d4b9e74b5eb898c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument at Santa Ana Cemetery Description An account of the resource Image from OC Weekly article. Image presents the Confederate Monument prior to its removal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gustavo Arellano Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arellano, Gustavo. “Gustavo Arellano.” OC Weekly, August 17, 2017. https://www.ocweekly.com/hollywood-forever-took-down-its-confederate-monument-what-about-santa-ana-cemetery-8347300/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available OC Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 17, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource OC Weekly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Online Article, JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2534262641e481f4be308b119b4fd8f5.jpeg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=ESmcYACyU0mePdUFmwx8RMfKLdPpewU7oXswNyADXaPSv6FzJaJWGO%7EQpfZ9JBO0f74VAWCcThWO-WIF2tSNliEkRYL019IDNqpBlWsPFQmvCRMsK8c6frcsnagN35TuvEhIn%7ERmgczj5Jtv85xttBRnMPzViJ0ARTqsZN1CNc232dIYy7tG5pcWdUvjq9qww9WseO4M09tlvNJTxdY1ecujTuzg91qQ%7EvkfU96OJrc7eF0YxVe933DIfzTE03yULI68sbNJi%7Er5iBREgJLhoiGHFeT3we04PDZrR4v1ayBUYfaUoryvyxgEALrEqWbuIcrlrRjjRgZcP1%7EAuhJrVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d1a983f72e6b412ebeaa750fc66eb8b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image of Confederate Memorial at Santa Ana after it was vandalized Description An account of the resource Image shows Confederate Monument in Santa Ana vandalized Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gabriel San Roman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Gabriel San Román. OC Weekly, July 11, 2019. https://www.ocweekly.com/confederate-monument-in-santa-ana-cemetery-vandalized-with-racists/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available OC Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 9, 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource OC Weekly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Online Article, JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/13269be70efc9f3cdd87cba8024fb86b.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=iMy9v4myyE2R6rV4h3FnO84LBMbQGPDT2A5cSCNPX%7EqN-hSBmprSN39-sItp0eFXELtT-pzCDITHWqPzYSLir92SM54dPojRpxtQCpcWOIbLQOMHAPLG3bVZNFCgEUtvpQXXB2%7EDa38m9FI85XnRE2axdL6ppwD8FoAgux5TA8uIVIHRU5Y%7EhyvErCj7dRpA2U4Sf5ugRBTR7NTd17S4ivAmzLEuggcexhZKuPav1DFcWMZY4XU5JcaToDjg07qEmXvldy1W-P6mXI0G3G6uxUpIuJ8fhLbc34MxtOugXwi5pI2oDlNsa56jhFVQp3fvW%7E1c06gzUgdail7GnIKelg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9218c0cc1bb0e8943dbad4f9572443b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image of Former Santa Ana mayor Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Molina, Alejandra Description An account of the resource Former Santa Ana mayor and Civil War grave hunter dies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Molina, Alejandra. “Former Santa Ana Mayor and Civil War Grave Hunter Dies.” Orange County Register. Orange County Register, June 20, 2013. https://www.ocregister.com/2013/06/20/former-santa-ana-mayor-and-civil-war-grave-hunter-dies/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available OC Weekly Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 20, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource OC Weekly Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Online Article, JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Memorial at the Santa Ana Cemetery, Santa Ana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Santa Ana Mayor Gordon Bricken and the members of the Orange County Southern Confederate Veterans Camp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: May 16, 2004 Removed: August 1, 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Madison Hardrick Type The nature or genre of the resource Granite Structure Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Ana, California Description An account of the resource The Confederate Monument at Santa Ana Cemetery was erected in 2004 by Santa Ana Mayor Gordon Bricken and members of the Orange County Sons of Confederate Veterans. The monument was a 9-foot-tall, 7-ton granite rectangular structure created to honor Civil War veterans who lived and died in Orange County. [1] The monument’s inscription and presence set out to honor the Confederacy’s evolving presence beyond the South, from the slave owner to the Klansman. The Lost Cause narrative found its way to the West Coast following the Civil War, allowing its ideology to take hold in the Golden State. One of the founders of Orange County, Dr. Henry William Head, was a Confederate veteran and prominent member of the Klu Klux Klan. As one source notes, “Orange County regards its Klan history fondly enough that there are still public places named after prominent Klansmen.” [3] Orange County’s controversial history is what allowed the establishment of the Confederate Monument at Santa Ana Cemetery. The monument was erected very recently, in 2004, with Santa Ana Mayor Gordon Bricken a strong believer in the Lost Cause narrative. [4] The monument was removed on August 1, 2019, by the Orange County Cemetery District. The district requested that the Sons of Confederate Veterans remove the monument in February 2019 since there was no record of permits for its construction. [5] The Sons of Confederate Veterans ignored the request. On July 7, 2019, the monument was vandalized “with red paint and the word “RACISTS” inscribed on the face of the structure. [6] The damage resulted in the district acting and removing the monument. Inscription: “To honor the sacred memory of the pioneers who built Orange County after their valiant efforts to defend the cause of Southern Independence.” [2] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Robinson, A. (2019, August 2). Confederate Monument defaced last month has been removed from Santa Ana cemetery. Orange County Register. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.ocregister.com/2019/08/01/confederate-monument-defaced-last-month-has-been-removed-from-santa-ana-cemetery/. 2. New Santa Ana. (2019, July 9). A confederate monument at the Santa Ana Cemetery was vandalized. https://newsantaana.com/a-confederate-monument-at-the-santa-ana-cemetery-was-vandalized/. 3. New Santa Ana. (2019, July 9). A confederate monument at the Santa Ana Cemetery was vandalized. https://newsantaana.com/a-confederate-monument-at-the-santa-ana-cemetery-was-vandalized/. 4. Los Angeles Times. (2013, June 27). Gordon Bricken dies at 76; uncovered Santa Ana's Civil War Ties. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-gordon-bricken-20130628-story.html. 5. Stewart, Joshua. “Confederate plaque in San Diego has history of controversy, repeated removal,” The San Diego Union-Tribune, August 16, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2021. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sd-me-confederate-monument-20170816-story.html 6. New Santa Ana. (2019, August 2). The Confederate Monument at the Santa Ana Cemetery has been removed. https://newsantaana.com/the-confederate-monument-at-the-santa-ana-cemetery-has-been-removed/. 7. Tour, J. L., (2020, June 5). A brief history of the ku klux klan in Orange County: Notes on the banality of evil. Fullerton Observer. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://fullertonobserver.com/2019/01/07/a-brief-history-of-the-ku-klux-klan-in-orange-county-notes-on-the-banality-of-evil/. 8. Arellano, G. (2018, October 24). Gustavo Arellano. OC Weekly. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.ocweekly.com/orange-county-founded-by-kkk-6474577/. California Cemetery Gordon Bricken Ku Klux Klan Removed Santa Ana Sons of Confederate Veterans West Coast https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b8c7548a140de82b9851340f8f063475.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=auyOYCTOULX26KpwSMWCCWl1xGuw0XJLRiGXhzd-V-4bitHVffzA6K7KnTbt7PjwDU4%7E4MN-EhHajRZFxgRkwmCnrIu4bpzSGcJHCwQD1RVlATZZAL70IIUdxKiNen1owi7HPBDOTZL9LUYcGDr4RD9jCn8M8DPjxaxTjHsPZRe-0tBBpMosNhsKOdDEul8P5I-lYkXe4-Fpfc315qyfWaaUj38h1hletSeKPFwblF1Jb-1wsiNFopm4Md%7E9lWhSxEv0QrhaK28dMa-qATVwOXcOOPnBfZFxcGe0tanqcQYDs7UNKLfp2e4CKTmcBUs7Da1vJgv18E2cnvl9xF-a3Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 868ef757111805533b4bd18520dc03c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ATOMIC Hot Links Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery_-_Confederate_monument.jpg#mw-jump-to-license" target="_blank" title="Wikimedia Commons" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery_-_Confederate_monument.jpg#mw-jump-to-license" target="_blank" title="Wikimedia Commons" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery_-_Confederate_monument.jpg#mw-jump-to-license" target="_blank" title="Wikimedia Commons" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 10, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Victoria Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic</a> license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Subject The topic of the resource Image of the monument dedicated to soldiers of the Confederate States Army, in Hollywood Forever Cemetery. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/6ce698dbb0c66be180baa6b1d76afc7e.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=LKDv1fpF-IV5fvZ6MDx-sZtCedaBdoPPst8iSsXtRc-3yt3HR6-avpR-%7EuCt84hJ63yMvGgRr1JVNGiAV%7E0F7eSaK3xfV%7Ed0B0yshnOsXv-GLNBDFsIpjT0iTGZmdUT3CWn4%7EDQqDhO0838yNk8R4pR1kiJ-NJ%7EF9v-uBW%7ECekLdNyKN48qladhQqE7ez0t3p6o9PVsrJ1eZhvgfDS6kD%7EfwwgHO3LCoc3tbyJ-mzc6X-3-vRSf0Ikvb3q5j4KFCKIepU2EDwykES4Olb0hKxx7kUYDv3YjhCCTe26qf2NcR6bNYapJ7YqCJN1MHI1F0sw3cY2w3r7pbSp5YtPKYwA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 11f30c81a064c7a4b97220ef8332a161 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inscription on the Confederate Monument at Hollywood Forever Cemetery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ATOMIC Hot Links Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22IN_MEMORY_OF_THE_SOLDIERS_OF_THE_CONFEDERATE_STATES_ARMY_WHO_HAVE_DIED_OR_MAY_DIE_ON_THE_PACIFIC_COAST%22_%22Erected_by_the_Confederate_Monument_Association%22_detail,_Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery_-_Confederate_monument_(cropped).jpg" target="_blank" title="Wikimedia Commons" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 10, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Victoria Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource his file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en">Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic</a> license. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource The monument's bronze plate includes the United Daughters of the Confederacy's insignia, the three Confederate flags, and the inscription: <div style="text-align:center;"> "In Memory of the Soldiers of the Confederate States Army who have died or may die on the Pacific Coast</div> <div style="text-align:center;">-Erected by the Confederate Monument Association-</div> <div style="text-align:center;">Lord God of Host, Be With Us Yet Lest We Forget Lest We Forget! 1861-1865."</div> The last line of the inscription is a qoutation from Rudyard Kipling's poem "Recessional" (1897). This file has been extracted from the image <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery_-_Confederate_monument.jpg">Confederate monument</a>. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f3e064e8f22541ea764ec88771a357b3.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=V1w1Jd1Ow5reXjBJvB1CdEJdlaK-32ZP8kl3D%7EtJb5yevAztkDDhxmVbc1iWZkIBDL8LJLuuwyyeLbJqeXdhc6muboVHAwa%7EdfENG0bx6W48qxXfPiH2nE4b1lKffRLDnoNB0Q-OF5JlejZNSJD6%7E1y1rKpp4iweQqbkI0x2ri6TimY5eHx1l1oinclwcHx74KiKWp-ax5qxb8FyHKUn6faqMvozE5VC5RwmnhDHUlUobcyPwN8ib22LKx80uvBkVzXyv3A59ZbfzjEp9C25nhvkui3mhf1EyviwWxAacrhW-9fq%7EfM61lnlWLgYJBN0ZMYtAkfZkApabyS3-nPAFQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f412ef769992582520d98fba51e0df74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hollywood Forever Cemetery Entrance Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gary Minnaert Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HollywoodForeverCemetary01.jpg" target="_blank" title="Wikimedia Commons" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 21, 2007 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Victoria Garcia, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This file is under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:en:public domain">public domain</a>. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Hollywood Forever Cemetery is the burial site of famous actors, singers, and prominent Los Angeles political leaders and residents. The cemetery shares its city lot with Paramount Studies, making it a popular filming location and cultural attraction. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Los Angeles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Confederate Monument Association of Los Angeles and United Daughters of the Confederacy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Erected: June 1925 Removed: August 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Victoria Garcia, Madison Hardrick Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Granite Marker Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hollywood, California Description An account of the resource On June 3, 1925, the Confederate Monument Association of Los Angeles (CMALA), together with the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), unveiled the Confederate memorial at the Hollywood Cemetery. The function of the stone marker was to honor and indicate the burial sites of Confederate veterans. In years prior, the Robert E. Lee Chapter of UDC, the local chapter, bought burial plots in the cemetery section where other Confederate veterans laid to rest [1]. The monument organizer's goal was to create a space where families of deceased Confederate veterans could come together during Memorial Day and other days of remembrance. In the years after the Civil War, Confederate veterans moved their family members to California. Although the state joined the Union as a free state during the war, the state had many Southern supporters. Five years after the formation of the first chapter of the UDC in 1894, several UDC chapters formed in California promoting the care of ailing veterans [2]. In the Los Angeles region, the UDC operated Dixie Manor, a Confederate veteran's senior living facility in the San Gabriel Valley. An estimated 28 veterans spent the remaining days of their lives in the facility and were later buried at Hollywood Cemetery [3]. The CMALA and the UDC had initially set out to build the Confederate memorial in a public park. However, government officials use the land for other purposes [4]. The gray granite boulder used to fabricate the monument came from the San Gabriel Canyon. In 2017 due to local opposition to Confederate memorabilia and the monument's defacement, the Cemetery administration and the UDC chapter at Long Beach chose to remove the marker [5]. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Waite, Keith. “The ‘Lost Cause’ Goes West: Confederate Culture and Civil War Memory in California.” Boom California, June 7, 2020. <a href="https://boomcalifornia.org/2020/06/07/the-lost-cause-goes-west-confederate-culture-and-civil-war-memory-in-california/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://boomcalifornia.org/2020/06/07/the-lost-cause-goes-west-confederate-culture-and-civil-war-memory-in-california/</a> 2. Tawa, Renee. “Way Out West, South’s Legacy Is Kept Alive.” Los Angeles Times, June 14, 1999. <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-14-cl-46293-story.html">https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-14-cl-46293-story.html</a> 3. Waite, Keith. “The ‘Lost Cause’ Goes West: Confederate Culture and Civil War Memory in California.” 4. Los Angeles Times. 1925. "Will Unveil Memorial to War Veterans." March 19, 1925. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. 5. Tchekmedyian, Alene., Khan, Irfan., & Rocha, Veronica. “Hollywood Forever Cemetery removes Confederate monument after calls from activists and threats of vandalism.” Los Angeles Time, August 16, 2017. <a href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hollywood-forever-monument-20170815-story.html">https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hollywood-forever-monument-20170815-story.html</a> 20th Century California Cemetery Los Angeles Removed United Daughters of the Confederacy