1
10
6
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8f0d7c1261b8d48476ba5eaf6da0ed58.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lcM7xgHh2zZATnBTQEgFmPo50VGWT73GzLu6f52B-6-tf1VN%7EGusIFjGwArlCHWAyBX7nouJDrBFK19Lefyk6PHq6ytHDs78Nm2YRW4AgLmNYbjQgQe7vB-XtbESLhbBP9Cr2to6cOP0w2RYvCx8byqx%7EXdPYe1lbprgaLIKs%7EPxCXfZ-AAwA9cmhe%7EQopY6DxopIKqR6mmHeRYAcG6nxmEukQ%7EbohwgPPN-kdc1B9NqRC9f30kZj9uyLOM8RZHVWBP01SQCwIrEmx3zyq9GLxCLBgXRXPBOABfpvdbQN9qVe5L6Kx31m1THKf75TsavLIBE-cqbKSN%7EwtjFL1rndg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bf2e6cce8a7a87843f77f9a1dea64d0a
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/31b2f63f23d2476d651e9e2323964e4c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=h1t7eGrns%7EWO7jy4-PBknw9pRtAbqaW-u6wpSQzW03pM6Zn9kEd6rmzarYGZHr7%7EI81gKzUb0lHUtg0Z6C6bCvOYEEEJ5gJzvfrP9ZoZr32y30iN2UCaQ7lP8K6utgyh3udFqwzK6BtZfLZCcfXS%7Euvi7XKLkcsNlS04OcGz1ErFFsAF5v0WA0K-R1q%7Em-E2ir%7E6LmJpzwxVceML%7EDEP9qVOIj6M-7Uo0YsXLp1sXP5CVzR4c2jRb4gHGwo1UMJ-dfFOghgOfhXs5of%7EQYJ3PS-yd%7Ev2MdiLDzndr8NneR57GtX3gTkRyK4ZUMnEQyEl-xfnp6H0iRCxnqE3L%7E%7E44g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
ee6082f8c2d1f651869c46facde8cca5
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/904918c841f509912c14ac95c5b6a65c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Tt8xJ8%7ENIlWl%7E0aPkak1Mnxb3DVKdPn64MYaFsYp9diBXRcFhe4E19PHVpwG3-djJeEJeN0z2R1j-3F9T6Y6meKGbmcT-RRWizd6O-a5tRJleOiHKQLusK68wrJVbK2V8iTfNnkxIVUFejC6xr13SD0pQ2niJLjGugEZQTXrT1pC32ilmBdS0WYIxv1tkcsi9Bw3diaBxkKr-TGpz6Zrt97cg7j%7EYoMQvlMOpmGqlaSnVVLIhiL3zQK2fwM6EGxmPb-11CnM4oc3%7EVYi1yiZv3BfQ8pmJnd4Lr63NEXlmyXuYswchhVa0BZglro2tV6REOMIRSnqrz4JecU3rRLBHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
8505ddd8e4c6641748948828c9b2999d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/0606f8c4b8117354bd936888e80353f1.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=C8UoPiN4NRFhPKzP%7EN7vMe6axd6J0WIBJ-xM-JhFfachFhP8fZG4nKG6Mpu8J%7E%7EFvRbGqWbDcgPsOHzsd5UrLp7m2SaIUVnkmjXdOC4mDazC7Nz%7EcRmgDIpNg9HGm3zCn%7E5FtTB2qBXHmkSF-j9srh2rtctbmS0cpVR62bFxt2Q4ERxLpLqhWcxvyYWP6j9DupzUWDfcu6ia6AHY9UaIYlbyaedoIAMuFCrSuon8%7E0OPXRxqXb3pK9DWihEB9PfOn4MVgZRQxFut7uM7GWmpdJkG7m2UJwiZ%7EbgQy3yhJ1QNzxSofJnudcCRMziO3MkpWF8%7EXl7sBwTGx159diM%7EVw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
341e6eb4830cd7a8c3b8dfb9efd8c50d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain: The World's Largest Confederate Monument
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia, Dominic Guerrero, Clay Kenworthy, Fernando L. Lopez
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. "Stone Mountain." In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory, edited by WILSON CHARLES REAGAN, 264-66. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96</a><br /><br /><span>2. “Environment and History of Stone Mountain Park.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/">https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/</a><br /><br />3. “Stone Mountain.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain</a><br /><br />4. “DeKalb County.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county</a><br /><br />5. Essex, Jamey. ""THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE": WHITENESS, THE CONFEDERACY, AND COMMODIFICATION AT STONE MOUNTAIN." Southeastern Geographer 42, no. 2 (2002): 211-27. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145">http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145</a><br /><br />6. Essex, Jamey. "THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE.”<br /><br />7. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. 2002. Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the south, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Vintage Books.<br /><br />8. Stone Mountain Park. “Explore Stone Mountain Park.” May 29, 2014. Video, 3:42. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21st’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a><br /><br /></span>
Description
An account of the resource
<p> After the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs, the first European Americans began to settle at the base of the mountain, officially naming the town Stone Mountain in 1847. The construction of railroad lines connecting Atlanta and other cities such as Augusta through Stone Mountain made the town a prominent visitor attraction in the 1850s. [3] During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta (1864) took place near Stone Mountain along the railroad heading west towards Atlanta, a critical campaign in the taking of Georgia by Union troops. [4] The mountain did not gain national attention; however, until the 1910s, when it became the chosen location of what would become the largest Confederate monument in the world.<br /> Carved on Stone Mountain is 90 feet high by 190 feet wide, 360 feet square-framed Confederate Memorial carving. [5] The memorial an ode to white southern origins, features the 'three heroes of the American Confederacy,' Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The memorial took 56 years to complete, from its initial planning in 1915 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to its completion in 1972. [6] In the years of its construction, the memorial became a site of contention due to the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in the project, developers struggle to fund and complete the carving, and for its cultural meaning. As Grace Hale argues in her book, Making Whiteness, the memorial significance took shape within the peak of its construction. The completion of the monument amidst the civil rights era came to signify a national representation of the lost cause narrative, a symbol of white supremacy. [7]<br /> Today, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in the state of Georgia. The park contains a large, wooded area, two lakes, and various visitor amenities, including a hotel, campground, golf course, and seasonal programming. The park's advertisements illustrate the place as a family-friendly attraction, featuring a Confederate monument and not as a park built around a Confederate monument. [8] In recent years, the park has come into the national spotlight again, as local and national campaign seek the removal of the memorial carving and changes to park’s attractions. [9]<br /><span> The items a part of this collection recounts the idea behind the Stone Mountain monument, the process of carving the mountain, the opening and reception of the memorial carving, and its transformation to the present day.</span></p>
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Injustice of Stone Mountain
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Fight to remove the Confederate Figures.
Description
An account of the resource
After the protest of the murder of George Floyd, many of the Conferate flag and other confederate symbols. The enormous monument at the center of the park - Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson carved into stone as a Confederate equivalent to Mount Rushmore - is not going anywhere (4). The website for Stone Mountain has no images of the Confederates or the main attraction, the 90 foot tall carvings of the Confederate Generals. They representeda massive symbol of hate and slavery. The fight to remove the monument has become very difficult because of the size and cost to destroy it. The pro Confederate history people believe the monument is a symbol of their history and must be protected. On May 24, the board of the Stone Mountain Memorial Association voted to move Confederate flags away from the base of the huge granite outcropping, located east of Atlanta (1). The Coalition has also homed in on language requiring that Stone Mountain Park be maintained as an “appropriate” and “suitable” monument to the confederacy (2). House Bills 237 and 238, filed by Hutchinson earlier this week, would not only remove the protections for Confederate monuments in current Georgia law but expressly prohibit tributes that are “related to the Confederate States of America, slave owners or persons advocating for slavery on public property (3).
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. Davis, Stephen. 2021. “Stone Mountain Standoff.” America’s Civil War 34 (4): 8. https://search-ebscohost-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=151324430&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
2. Estep, Tyler. 2021. "Stone Mountain Park Official: Confederate Flags Protected by Law." TCA Regional News, Jan 15. https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/stone-mountain-park-official-confederate-flags/docview/2478072507/se-2?accountid=9840.
3. Estep, T. (2021, Feb 03). New bills target stone mountain, confederate monuments across georgia. TCA Regional News Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/new-bills-target-stone-mountain-confederate/docview/2485527533/se-2?accountid=9840
4. Timothy Pratt, and Rick Rojas. “Giant Confederate Monument Will Remain at Revamped Stone Mountain.” New York Times (Online). New York: New York Times Company, 2021.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on the sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Art Sotelo
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Hist 402A Fall 2021
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain, Georgia
Georgia
Jefferson Davis
Protests
Racial injustice
Robert E. Lee
Stone Mountain
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/71d1e7332dbcb50acc8e47893c40a0ae.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=VlyBaMvNk%7E%7EBSyN5-rMTCi0-zgHrf-OEBRtpXokbMKLBsT5TdHu-YnXZQ6W7ykDvYLyML1ld1yzlOw7QzzPgvv9aNtN7yeglrGU1nXCG3w6%7EOOJmkQd7kJWYEoggJBuuqZZqVc1jueEyZ7H1tSTs48ZNpWPVN0fn4aJd7CfTix2EjEeTFIHkLMA66NWhXKnn6U1-W50UnAO7vT4NA2BXO-KS9dsPGCf6EMtk5avvNv1Ucq5vhkK0zqTBTD60LhLoRmoX0pMLSarSL95BxJqGFPTCRT19TlFU-7HskqxiEbJaUsEuKRm0r2uoYN%7EpQAAK%7ENE317tmuMssQWNHbNxlqA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1856a2dc09f0980b2a5e2704857705cb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Carving 6 cent stamp.
Description
An account of the resource
U.S. commemorative stamp issued in conjunction with the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Carving dedication on May 9, 1970.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bureau of Engraving and Printing: Robert Hallock (employee); Photo adjusted by Gwillhickers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
US Post Office: Smithsonian National Postal Museum via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_Mountain_Memorial_6c_1970_issue.JPG)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 9, 1970
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Clay Kenworthy
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain (prepared by government employee as official duty under Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/9b2b3e7dbe3c8bbb378a48ceb3db8492.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=VdTkzgYsTPxr0K0uZZpw3dxXoFNinmW13VbZejvmySJe%7Esc-TwKGuVVWZl3EDXbtd3ZB6RL0wg3Lc7PLBB-FrezoJYBL893BU1Sks-GNVeUM1t2XL%7EyXidVdWxassu74gNWq%7Ee%7EFZabb-%7EeNo4pmEflHjQ5T5v-ngI0UrTXhgzEtrhfuMS4ve9z05e3848wSfobH6Xypau-GPuhJALkEhGOHQY9kdMwPOKrtkqfP0ZA0IAZ0wTse8yvSTzjiaKvtXWosYROsekEk0OzeyyorENeIFqR24wOFpkM06UuGb4B38pbS-Os8FBKm14WyMWIBcawZyAyibIpVo86-%7ErY8Og__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
195196be1c40981c362e6283eecc6c48
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
View of Stone Mountain from Atlanta (zoomed in).
Description
An account of the resource
Zoomed in view from Atlanta looking east to Stone Mountain. In the foreground downtown Decatur, GA. The carving monument is not in sight on the north side (left) of the mountain.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Photograph taken by Valerie, Ucamari Photography, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Flikr.com, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/481372502/in/photolist-JxagU-2jYSobw-2iKwVsF-waavDs-NaBG9s-6MGiVq-dYNPNm-2cFXoQz-2hYY2Cx-oe2XHz-oeFepJ-ovesjP-2h1TDP4-5aiY2W-sw6n52-QX74i-Gd3hz8-mrireP-Fp9zpM-2iu9acu-4SQFqH-Lrd1vd-LvijeA-22gfRvi-PLhrzy-2gt8C3c-2gukyMW-nDixRE-6Q731d-Cxq6jj-2iuKAo1-2bqS7Tq-KejQAK-2jRZZWn-52Msr6-6T5FT5-vdjm2y-ETD6rZ-dPU8Mx-bKS99X-dQcUki-dbcM5x-ML42DT-r5xnhD-2agnsxd-bxhZMq-2k8TjMg-27F5ueS-Ba41Zu-2jEECZs/
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
April 28, 2007
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Clay Kenworthy
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e55b42baaf08571d246a46dff6e0bedd.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=axyvB7BKSi-ZgiLA33z1EJoMHR2gdOlFmte3aEBHcDr6Xfdy6xwTCCg3Ron2s-SB-8FNcSCmdkgoJI%7EU7q6kQrxoC6gT0oKRZSE-lTq-oZk9EcEq3rcAcKKuDTgHmx9NuDRdK2s24ie6wYUUQEE5gNJ1L1%7EEncv3oBYozlj61juqG%7En7M29qkewl9n5vMpf7ASUABKIvEpUu128gBWNwIX3ekK0U6857hPiOpMI4Z7cfazuUNbTalmZgPaiz8ghsd6my9WnffAdD3E8HWrrqMKgtz2TuFCRC0jlKirdrCXsMvSazWzI%7EOU2RkKTz02IDeKHkm9%7EPOUfpVmu7C8JXlA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
02546aa5c428a6fa578ef1bc7516ad2b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vice President Spiro Agnew addresses the crowd at Stone Mountain Park, 1970.
Description
An account of the resource
Vice President Spiro Agnew giving dedication speech for Stone Mountain Monument, May 9, 1970. Printed on back: "Agnew, Spiro. Vice President, at Stone Mountain. 1970-06-09 [incorrect date]. Photograph: Robert Connell."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Atlanta Journal-Constitution, photograph by Robert Connell
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 9, 1970
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Clay Kenworthy
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright to items in this collection is owned by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Items may be used for scholarship, educational, and personal use. Additional uses will require permission of the rights holder. https://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/digital/collection/ajc/id/14111/
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain: The World's Largest Confederate Monument
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia, Dominic Guerrero, Clay Kenworthy, Fernando L. Lopez
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. "Stone Mountain." In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory, edited by WILSON CHARLES REAGAN, 264-66. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96</a><br /><br /><span>2. “Environment and History of Stone Mountain Park.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/">https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/</a><br /><br />3. “Stone Mountain.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain</a><br /><br />4. “DeKalb County.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county</a><br /><br />5. Essex, Jamey. ""THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE": WHITENESS, THE CONFEDERACY, AND COMMODIFICATION AT STONE MOUNTAIN." Southeastern Geographer 42, no. 2 (2002): 211-27. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145">http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145</a><br /><br />6. Essex, Jamey. "THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE.”<br /><br />7. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. 2002. Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the south, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Vintage Books.<br /><br />8. Stone Mountain Park. “Explore Stone Mountain Park.” May 29, 2014. Video, 3:42. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21st’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a><br /><br /></span>
Description
An account of the resource
<p> After the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs, the first European Americans began to settle at the base of the mountain, officially naming the town Stone Mountain in 1847. The construction of railroad lines connecting Atlanta and other cities such as Augusta through Stone Mountain made the town a prominent visitor attraction in the 1850s. [3] During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta (1864) took place near Stone Mountain along the railroad heading west towards Atlanta, a critical campaign in the taking of Georgia by Union troops. [4] The mountain did not gain national attention; however, until the 1910s, when it became the chosen location of what would become the largest Confederate monument in the world.<br /> Carved on Stone Mountain is 90 feet high by 190 feet wide, 360 feet square-framed Confederate Memorial carving. [5] The memorial an ode to white southern origins, features the 'three heroes of the American Confederacy,' Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The memorial took 56 years to complete, from its initial planning in 1915 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to its completion in 1972. [6] In the years of its construction, the memorial became a site of contention due to the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in the project, developers struggle to fund and complete the carving, and for its cultural meaning. As Grace Hale argues in her book, Making Whiteness, the memorial significance took shape within the peak of its construction. The completion of the monument amidst the civil rights era came to signify a national representation of the lost cause narrative, a symbol of white supremacy. [7]<br /> Today, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in the state of Georgia. The park contains a large, wooded area, two lakes, and various visitor amenities, including a hotel, campground, golf course, and seasonal programming. The park's advertisements illustrate the place as a family-friendly attraction, featuring a Confederate monument and not as a park built around a Confederate monument. [8] In recent years, the park has come into the national spotlight again, as local and national campaign seek the removal of the memorial carving and changes to park’s attractions. [9]<br /><span> The items a part of this collection recounts the idea behind the Stone Mountain monument, the process of carving the mountain, the opening and reception of the memorial carving, and its transformation to the present day.</span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
3. Stone Mountain Opening and Public Reception
Description
An account of the resource
The Confederate Memorial Carving at Stone Mountain was originally to be unveiled on the centennial of the Civil War in 1961, but the carving was not completed in time.[1] Stone Mountain Park officially opened on April 14, 1965, the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination.[2] The following Sunday, an estimated 600 people hiked to the top of Stone Mountain for a 5 a.m. Easter service.[3] The official commemoration for the monument was held on May 9,1970 to an anticipated crowd of over 100,000. In attendance were Governor Lester Maddox, U.S. Congressmen Sen. Richard Russell, Sen. Herman Talmadge and Rep. Ben Blackburn, and Vice President Spiro Agnew dedicated the monument (originally scheduled for President Nixon who cancelled due to Vietnam War). Governor representatives from all 50 states accepted invitations in addition to consuls from the Great Britain, Germany, Iceland, Spain, Austria, Switzerland, and South Africa. [4]
Public perception of the monument was overwhelmingly positive. Protests to the monument were few. KKK Imperial Wizard James Venable protested unsuccessfully to having Rev. William Holmes Borders give the commemoration benediction because he was “a member of the negro [sic] race” and it “is not in good taste and repugnant to a sense of respect due the memory of the confederates [sic] veterans.”[5] Other protests came from having Agnew dedicate the monument. Public perception was that he had “the grace of a drill sergeant and the understanding of a 19th century prison camp warden” and was in contrast to the “honorable men” on the monument. Despite this, “Southern hospitality” and “a courteous hearing” was to be given by the audience.[6] Other protest came in the monument itself. At a protest with over 800 students following the Kent State shootings, Dr. Eugene Bianchi, religion professor at Emory University, said that civil rights leaders and not “military men riding their steeds” should be carved on Stone Mountain.[7] Stone Mountain has steadily grown into one of Georgia's premiere tourist attractions.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. Richard Fausset, “Stone Mountain: The Largest Confederate Monument Problem in the World,” U.S., The New York Times, October 18, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/18/us/stone-mountain-confederate-removal.html;
Rebecca Onion, “Hatred Set in Stone,” History, Slate, July 8, 2020, https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/07/stone-mountain-georgia-confederacy-history.html.
2. Joni Zeccola, “Stone Mountain Timeline,” Things to Do, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 11, 2012, https://www.ajc.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/stone-mountain-timeline/R2luAvMz783IXvblS7TmZP/.
3. Dale Curry, ”Religious Spirit Proves Itself At Crowded Sunrise Services,” The Atlanta Constitution 97, no. 259 (Atlanta, GA), April 19, 1965, https://www.newspapers.com/image/398418904/.
4. Gene Stephens, “100,000 Due At Stone Mtn. Ceremonies,” The Atlanta Constitution 102, no. 277 (Atlanta, GA), May 9, 1970, https://www.newspapers.com/image/398887401/; ibid., https://www.newspapers.com/image/398887450/.
5. Ibid.; ibid.
6. Reg Murphy, “Shame and Disgrace,” The Atlanta Constitution 102, no. 277 (Atlanta, GA), May 9, 1970, https://www.newspapers.com/image/398887422.
7. Terry Adamson, “March On Here Today,” The Atlanta Constitution 102, no. 277 (Atlanta, GA), May 9, 1970, https://www.newspapers.com/image/398887441/.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Clay Kenworthy
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
20th Century
CSA Leaders
Dedication
Georgia
Jefferson Davis
Ku Klux Klan
Robert E. Lee
Sculpture
Spiro Agnew
Stone Mountain
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
US Postal Service
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f3dac99953422e836671bfbb038f159c.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=WBXHr49rgJTsYjALK-PgbRkrKzXIxllkMJ9JcZFzUi4YjEnzAqhQXhqb5f5XLZ1ug4C9VZ6mb5sFZ1%7EgpvdTfLMlONbfTIw3QKaxZCKb7FIskA6x3Sx8cHthm6Mamka4NmLak986-9l7LBfYdVxzEfwEbPLE1-lLCPJFD71Pkxz4SwF9%7EIEbHUGIIb1qv1ZkmZm5a5T99IID9kkh8CdJ9tiHPNAkQ47ivBLF6qE-GtOufGCKO%7EceueO-6EZrBRc8DLnGlMz1t4LyRiJhjQLKKT0uPj8UQctIqiKo0qk5ha5boUGtinQQVS4zng-aLBCTHSP-cF%7EJbMXY9o%7EWP26Lzw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c1829cbbd03c492292203c7128672566
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Confederate Leaders on Stone Mountain: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jim Bowen
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jamiedfw/6768246443/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/jamiedfw/6768246443/</a><br />
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span></span></a></p>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Flickr Commons
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Taken on January 26, 2012
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Dominic Guerrero
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)</a><br />
<div id="deed-head" class="row">
<div id="deed-license"></div>
</div>
<div id="deed-main" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" class="row">
<div id="deed-main-content" class="row ">
<div class="row"></div>
</div>
</div>
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
JPEG
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/da19c620b7178cd19e3fff572965306f.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=oacNQNEVJikq2DbdSk7nuM5dUdjoCQO3l7M8WcNBAZFgKCNQZBblypS4VmMSAg%7Eu-KaX3kLZh9JObURj4vJ4g0YmwAbomx9PmGsahp8aamxeqgXCNrd%7E4nG6L4nizAzxJHfhG%7EVI5aX4NV9w-B%7E5FiPxP0lUvJNS7eSneSb0m%7E-LdY9E8nO7hDG4DsNP0ej2YpdDg0AMbKNN-jfxkS17vY4Rcdbssi7qzsP6M214CV-N2%7Eq8YDZp3XyY9W-MgRAveCSp3J-bQay7Kbl0Y--2Y5FALUPvTAs0V7I68ED0fpSF-Icciw7kTHjIq9%7EeRFvwsBGREjqM95nQzxvV1R7e%7EQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bdf3e50c5788bdf3f56bc2d246f12862
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photograph of Sculptor Gutzon Bolgrum
Description
An account of the resource
Photograph of Gutzon Bolgrum dedicated to a friend in 1919
Inscription lower right: "To my dear Dr. Orlof M. Orlow Sept. 22nd - Sincerely Yours - Gutzon Borglum 1919
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Unidentified photographer
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Dominic Guerrero
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No Known Copyright
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Flickr Commons<br /><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonian/2999285920/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.flickr.com/photos/smithsonian/2999285920/</a>
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d609fdf1e2f881bc35c618b6b5ca3704.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ovGv8v7gyz52ecUu8cPQ5HIMm77e4JpdfGw2m-VZkdnBJrjtRcIRKN6PJyGnZ7rl-7OLoeVrrMiBMTU4WfQaLxoIAG-jAOLEpnoFzu1FYPy8RhnHKfVKS-hfM0EoYq1GlcxTsM8TlfPadTmnYf-yYvN%7EvmTX3BSwbNJ4W83uc7S6RKRVmQMvwI55Ch-83m3FqU1LH2cypr2QNyuJj8nde6o1CRIyz0yETKm%7EEOMWD-%7ElKRGvRzOCp5VAq3%7EGRwrbH77eNf7R6T51mUYcOoMW8nNJHM1dDsfH4VAalGoFVtynZVUAYj1CzP2WtwMvzN1Ppdj3IEsr7LksZDdzRC2q%7EA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e1f5d36745fd987fbe9d50f8d96880c4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain Memorial Half Dollar
Description
An account of the resource
Gutzon Borglum designed half dollar to raise funds for Stone Mountain Construction
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Bobby131313" class="extiw" title="w:User:Bobby131313">w:User:Bobby131313</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
March 28, 2006
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Dominic Guerrero
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain<br /><i>This image depicts a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:money" class="extiw" title="w:en:money">unit of currency</a> issued by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" class="extiw" title="w:United States">United States</a> of America. If this is an image of paper currency or a coin not listed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/policies/terms-of-use#rights">here</a>, it is solely a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/work_of_the_United_States_Government" class="extiw" title="w:work of the United States Government">work of the United States Government</a>, is ineligible for US <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/copyright" class="extiw" title="w:copyright">copyright</a>, and is therefore in the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:public domain">public domain</a></b> in the United States.</i><br /><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:fraud" class="extiw" title="w:en:fraud"></a></i>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain: The World's Largest Confederate Monument
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia, Dominic Guerrero, Clay Kenworthy, Fernando L. Lopez
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. "Stone Mountain." In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory, edited by WILSON CHARLES REAGAN, 264-66. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96</a><br /><br /><span>2. “Environment and History of Stone Mountain Park.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/">https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/</a><br /><br />3. “Stone Mountain.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain</a><br /><br />4. “DeKalb County.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county</a><br /><br />5. Essex, Jamey. ""THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE": WHITENESS, THE CONFEDERACY, AND COMMODIFICATION AT STONE MOUNTAIN." Southeastern Geographer 42, no. 2 (2002): 211-27. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145">http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145</a><br /><br />6. Essex, Jamey. "THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE.”<br /><br />7. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. 2002. Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the south, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Vintage Books.<br /><br />8. Stone Mountain Park. “Explore Stone Mountain Park.” May 29, 2014. Video, 3:42. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21st’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a><br /><br /></span>
Description
An account of the resource
<p> After the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs, the first European Americans began to settle at the base of the mountain, officially naming the town Stone Mountain in 1847. The construction of railroad lines connecting Atlanta and other cities such as Augusta through Stone Mountain made the town a prominent visitor attraction in the 1850s. [3] During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta (1864) took place near Stone Mountain along the railroad heading west towards Atlanta, a critical campaign in the taking of Georgia by Union troops. [4] The mountain did not gain national attention; however, until the 1910s, when it became the chosen location of what would become the largest Confederate monument in the world.<br /> Carved on Stone Mountain is 90 feet high by 190 feet wide, 360 feet square-framed Confederate Memorial carving. [5] The memorial an ode to white southern origins, features the 'three heroes of the American Confederacy,' Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The memorial took 56 years to complete, from its initial planning in 1915 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to its completion in 1972. [6] In the years of its construction, the memorial became a site of contention due to the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in the project, developers struggle to fund and complete the carving, and for its cultural meaning. As Grace Hale argues in her book, Making Whiteness, the memorial significance took shape within the peak of its construction. The completion of the monument amidst the civil rights era came to signify a national representation of the lost cause narrative, a symbol of white supremacy. [7]<br /> Today, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in the state of Georgia. The park contains a large, wooded area, two lakes, and various visitor amenities, including a hotel, campground, golf course, and seasonal programming. The park's advertisements illustrate the place as a family-friendly attraction, featuring a Confederate monument and not as a park built around a Confederate monument. [8] In recent years, the park has come into the national spotlight again, as local and national campaign seek the removal of the memorial carving and changes to park’s attractions. [9]<br /><span> The items a part of this collection recounts the idea behind the Stone Mountain monument, the process of carving the mountain, the opening and reception of the memorial carving, and its transformation to the present day.</span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
2. Carving Stone Mountain, 1918-1972
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972; commissioned by the United Daughters of the Confederacy
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span></span></a><a href="#_ftnref1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[1]</a> Grace Elizabeth Hale, "Granite Stopped Time: The Stone Mountain Memorial and the Representation of White Southern Identity," <em>The Georgia Historical Quarterly, </em>82, no. 1 (1998), 22-44, <a href="http://www.jstor.org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/stable/40583695">http://www.jstor.org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/stable/40583695</a> (accessed December 10, 2020).<br /><br /></p>
<p><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson" name="_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[2] </a>Charles Reagan Wilson, “Stone Mountain,” <em>The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture,</em> 4, (2006), 264-66, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson">https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson</a> (accessed December 8, 2020), 264-66.<br /><br /></p>
<p><span>[3]</span> Grace Elizabeth Hale, <em>Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in The South, 1890-1940</em> (New York: Vintage, 1999), Kindle, 5109-5130.<br /><br /></p>
<p> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[4] </a>Charles Reagan Wilson, “Stone Mountain,” <em>The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture,</em> 4, (2006), 264-66, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson">https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson</a> (accessed December 8, 2020), 264-66.</p>
<p></p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1"><span></span></a></p>
<p></p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1"><span></span></a><span></span></p>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1918-1972
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Dominic Guerrero
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Hist 402 [FALL 2020]
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Granite -Base Relief
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain, Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
<p>In 1914, the carving of Stone Mountain faced financial issues while turning a mountain into a memorial, William H. Terrell, an Atlanta attorney along with "the United Daughters of the Confederacy's Atlanta chapter leader Caroline Helen Jemison Plane," planned and promoted the project. In two years, the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Association (SMCMA) contracted the well-known sculptor Gutzon Borglum.<a href="http://www.jstor.org.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/stable/40583695" name="_ftnref1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[1] </a>In 1915, the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) leased the land from Samuel Venable the owner of Stone Mountain, and Borglum began the project in June 1923.[2]</p>
<p>In November 1915, Borglum traveled throughout the South, promoting the unfinished project and seeking financial support to complete it. In 1923 a group of businessmen took control of the project, creating the Stone Mountain Association. In January 1924, Borglum unveiled a partially carved head of Lee on the general's birthday in front of a multitude of about 20,000. After a falling out between Borglum and the UDC, Augustus Lukeman took over the project but could not complete it because the UDC lease ran out in 1928. The financial hurdles faced by the creators of the relief sculpture of Stone Mountain State Park were a lack of funding. On January 21, 1925, the U.S. Congress under the direction of President Calvin Coolidge authorized "the U.S. Mint's coinage of five million silver half dollars," especially created by Borglum to raise money and memorialize the engraved soldiers. Similarly, the Stone Mountain Confederate Monument Association (SMCMA) made and sold songs and poems to support the project. Besides, Borglum, the UDC, and Samuel Venable, the mountain owner, accused SMCMA of mismanagement of funds, theft, corruption, and involvement with the Ku Klux Klan.<a href="#_ftn1"><span>[3]</span></a><br /><br /><a href="#_ftnref1"><span></span></a>For the next 30 years, the memorial was incomplete, and the Venable family owned the property. By 1958, Georgia created Stone Mountain as a tourist attraction and commissioned Walter Hancock to continue the memorial's carving and create a park. George Weiblin worked to complete the carving along with Roy Faulkner as a chief carver facing extreme weather.<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson" name="_ftnref2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">[4]</a></p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1"><span></span></a></p>
<p></p>
20th Century
CSA Leaders
Georgia
Gutzon Borglum
Jefferson Davis
Ku Klux Klan
Robert E. Lee
Sculpture
State Parks
Stone Mountain
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/cbb6f822b9c7b62a306df451e8300a36.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=O8EG-tEuI1BKUk0nhh4ggMuNLL9mWgwoIr-0QNz4vHxIetHsw8xOBmPAE0GzDhBcBpWKcoC2fZDTXeJ7BC3p9NPyyoS9Vhs9dXQsCqLwadWqNylrad1cl5GHzLhxpQW6qp7Sz8C2W2jizHse0jChIF2cl7TNsD84P5xgP-5Sb-K7DuM3-THY88f8C%7EE5TKNSZDlrbo8475B3GxlSHhEIAKq--KJ7CT2cKC4Z%7Eu21V7owGCLC1u-eYxdN8Qs30eu5sKmqlUFxITQ-HpUxv5pgrUCj5yijjpfW6YInGWWOshzCaPIsRJBmgJw-E8d0B5xCColFqttuafDQz5i%7EZQqpJQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bac52e73589357ea1938d865e6e9054d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain before the Confederate Memorial.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons<br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_426_Plate_XXV_A_Stone_Mountain_GA.jpg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_426_Plate_XXV_A_Stone_Mountain_GA.jpg</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1910
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This image is in the public domain in the United States because it only contains materials that originally came from the United States Geological Survey, an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. For more information, see the official USGS copyright policy.<br /><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits#copyright">https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits#copyright</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
U.S. Geological Survey
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
640 x 386 pixels, file size: 44.1 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/69c236861a26396b2069dac5ed59dcf1.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=byp8zbkf5nT9TMOXSZIgXnCfkdrLGQ0pWFyLJAXM9gAlXH9PIgSGk9J6WUaQ99UKeUmOULjsEV1FlNJv7f4Ivr7RZnRkAzJ3pz9tEFfeUy9P02nMnyjsVPzp-XMhqoJJ%7EhZj7rYNF3WGxQsZ48khps4RWfjmoOrqGCstDDhYdejbbTbxjwL9pHi5yUv4suopN64u1epHS1Oj9KDY4bWgTYWB8gsSVHt2wESAjxggiIpI4BYtCSuPHG7fVDXUrJ8gfCU%7EX8AX%7EETgYxCkCwpLdanNtOfq55TMOWauY3%7ErhilhjkOz4E4aV5iLx-8u355Wm4K2J%7EZ07kYjUBr0XRBjEg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
059b6d098131e8a2c3c44b36ced27a2f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Publication of the Second Founding of the Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mount, GA.
Description
An account of the resource
Atlanta Constitution clipping describing Klan re-establishment,
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Atlanta Constitution
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19151128AC_Klan_re-established.jpg
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
November, 1915
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Fernando L. Lopez
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This media file is in the public domain in the United States. This applies to U.S. works where the copyright has expired, often because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1925, and if not then due to lack of notice or renewal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
752 × 839 pixels, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Image of a Newspaper Clipping
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e70868ec97386d7cdebde6bfb0c75495.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=MjXwWq6ROfylzX6LjilA5kH7I5NtWCVSuAn3IG-Od2AwEYhFVDfUzAE1fBxTcXHgKClTWc3kVV6hyDZrIPWnkAw-lnJyXv6jWDXWtWu%7ECq-JkAWRmAm38k5yjrXTYDTP76skHZMJ1ZixLCpDTrV2I69WXn81LepgcymV2po2FPGHCX-gPvILnVkb62zQqO-AndAjUIiaypi34-flDTWbD-QecG7lL3rdPDXBsPOUEltCjPZdu1gyFhkLju3L%7EEEFxkT6MSuc9c2B-jsA1HWu-oI-uq3V%7EyJZOlZZjy3-AXRl9TD4i9LFe731n2GjVyBDkY10GvWb7HZJIoBaIBYnVw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
38dfd1108fa271efd23e6e6b6458e8a7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Organizer and the New Leader of the Second Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
Description
An account of the resource
William Joseph Simmons, founder of the second Ku Klux Klan.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 1921
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This media file is in the public domain in the United States. This applies to U.S. works where the copyright has expired, often because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1925, and if not then due to lack of notice or renewal.<br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain</a>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Wikimedia Commons<br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William-joseph-simmons2.jpg">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William-joseph-simmons2.jpg</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
573 × 700 pixels, file size: 239 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jim Harper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain: The World's Largest Confederate Monument
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia, Dominic Guerrero, Clay Kenworthy, Fernando L. Lopez
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. "Stone Mountain." In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory, edited by WILSON CHARLES REAGAN, 264-66. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96</a><br /><br /><span>2. “Environment and History of Stone Mountain Park.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/">https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/</a><br /><br />3. “Stone Mountain.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain</a><br /><br />4. “DeKalb County.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county</a><br /><br />5. Essex, Jamey. ""THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE": WHITENESS, THE CONFEDERACY, AND COMMODIFICATION AT STONE MOUNTAIN." Southeastern Geographer 42, no. 2 (2002): 211-27. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145">http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145</a><br /><br />6. Essex, Jamey. "THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE.”<br /><br />7. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. 2002. Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the south, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Vintage Books.<br /><br />8. Stone Mountain Park. “Explore Stone Mountain Park.” May 29, 2014. Video, 3:42. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21st’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a><br /><br /></span>
Description
An account of the resource
<p> After the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs, the first European Americans began to settle at the base of the mountain, officially naming the town Stone Mountain in 1847. The construction of railroad lines connecting Atlanta and other cities such as Augusta through Stone Mountain made the town a prominent visitor attraction in the 1850s. [3] During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta (1864) took place near Stone Mountain along the railroad heading west towards Atlanta, a critical campaign in the taking of Georgia by Union troops. [4] The mountain did not gain national attention; however, until the 1910s, when it became the chosen location of what would become the largest Confederate monument in the world.<br /> Carved on Stone Mountain is 90 feet high by 190 feet wide, 360 feet square-framed Confederate Memorial carving. [5] The memorial an ode to white southern origins, features the 'three heroes of the American Confederacy,' Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The memorial took 56 years to complete, from its initial planning in 1915 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to its completion in 1972. [6] In the years of its construction, the memorial became a site of contention due to the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in the project, developers struggle to fund and complete the carving, and for its cultural meaning. As Grace Hale argues in her book, Making Whiteness, the memorial significance took shape within the peak of its construction. The completion of the monument amidst the civil rights era came to signify a national representation of the lost cause narrative, a symbol of white supremacy. [7]<br /> Today, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in the state of Georgia. The park contains a large, wooded area, two lakes, and various visitor amenities, including a hotel, campground, golf course, and seasonal programming. The park's advertisements illustrate the place as a family-friendly attraction, featuring a Confederate monument and not as a park built around a Confederate monument. [8] In recent years, the park has come into the national spotlight again, as local and national campaign seek the removal of the memorial carving and changes to park’s attractions. [9]<br /><span> The items a part of this collection recounts the idea behind the Stone Mountain monument, the process of carving the mountain, the opening and reception of the memorial carving, and its transformation to the present day.</span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1. The Idea Behind Stone Mountain
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Fernando L. Lopez
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1915-1916
Description
An account of the resource
The surrounding area of Stone Mountain has always attracted human settlement for thousands of years. Native Americans from the nations of the Cherokee, Creek and Muscogee had long settled the area at around 8,000 years before white settlers moved in in the early 19th century. White settlers eventually drove the Native American settlers out and by the 1830s established a series of quarries to mine the mountain’s granite. After the Civil War Stone Mountain was sold to the Stone Mountain Granite Corporation for $45,400 in 1867. Then nine years later it was sold again for $70,000 to the Southern Granite Company, owned by the brothers Samuel and William Venable.[1]
After the Civil War a group of former Confederate officers in Pulaski Tennessee, formed themselves into a fraternal social club, named the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). This small club gained popularity and spread throughout the American South during Reconstruction, spreading fear and terror targeting former black slaves. Eventually, by the mid-1870s through Federal action the Klan declined and evaporated.[2]
Early in 1915 a controversial film directed by D.W. Griffith, was released, “The Birth of a Nation”, adapted from the 1905 novel, The Clansman, by the white supremacist politician and Baptist minister Thomas Frederick Dixon Jr. The film depicts a romanticized heroic view of the Ku Klux Klan, the “Lost Cause” and depicts African Americans as brutes and sexual predators. This film was one of the first to be screened at the White House, under President Woodrow Wilson. The president received backlash for the screening, his official response was the screening "...was a courtesy extended to an old acquaintance." His "old acquaintance" was no other than Thomas Frederick Dixon Jr.[3]
Inspired by the film a former religious teacher, William Joseph Simmons, decided to reform the KKK. With a founding membership of 15 individuals on Thanksgiving night on top of Stone Mountain, with permission from the Venable brothers who were also members, a cross was set on fire to commemorate the second founding of the Ku Klux Klan.[4] According to reports of the day the ceremony could be seen all the way to Atlanta. By marking Stone Mountain as the site of the second founding of the KKK, this large granite mountain has became a de facto sacred site of the American white supremacy movement.[5]
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. Powers, Benjamin, “In the Shadow of Stone Mountain: The past, present, and future of the African-American community are nestled beneath the country’s largest Confederate monument”, Smithsonianmag.com , May 4, 2018, <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/shadow-stone-mountain-180968956/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/shadow-stone-mountain-180968956/</a>.<br />2. Michael Martinez, Carpetbaggers, Cavalry, and the Ku Klux Klan: Exposing the Invisible Empire During Reconstruction. (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007) p. 24.<br />3. "Dixon's Play is Not Indorsed by Wilson", The Washington Times, Apirl 30, 1915, P. 6,<a href="https://www.newspapers.com/paper/the-washington-times/1607/"><br /></a><a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30252267/wilson-and-birth-of-a-nation-at-the/">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30252267/wilson-and-birth-of-a-nation-at-the/</a><br />4. McKinney, Debra "Stone Mountain. A Monumental Dilemma". Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report, Spring 2018. No. 164, <a href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2018/stone-mountain-monumental-dilemma?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvLDD9KrJ7QIVQxatBh2BPwpoEAAYASAAEgIxB_D_BwE">https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2018/stone-mountain-monumental-dilemma?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvLDD9KrJ7QIVQxatBh2BPwpoEAAYASAAEgIxB_D_BwE</a>.<br />5. Loewen, James W., Lies Across America: What our Historic Sites Get Wrong. (The New Press, 1999).
20th Century
CSA Leaders
D.W. Griffith
Georgia
Jefferson Davis
Ku Klux Klan
Robert E. Lee
Sculpture
State Parks
Stone Mountain
The Birth of a Nation (film)
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
William Joseph Simmons
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/864ee48e1683f596547ea109d8eb537d.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Dd1zjGKXvBn-vQ3wbVgplbZg3N0l0L8-kgIxCm1E89znjs2IMSALs3XPD0lI1KvuOf4Rvq%7EVpEqlzbzwAKVPvQvmldlVgZWPKjI1lAc1Tz4dzbuv-csnWtrI8NTeDGdf8h4sO6BgDrwVSvIP1KyyIZKF2lS9dR6imhrCZgoJgas-dhu0LR1m4n4Vwc6usUUKPkpegiKRA8Lh3ExfIsWBg93t2t9ODeiciTPjwSRk3YTri2wRsvoooD4apVjGi8jWSvBGhVJ8JXX39rmDSj-kN8BCyJKDOC0KGrcfnyv6wBpZjS49jncjrU8OB8CBzeOMjmR8fV0ZOQFsyz3DxVEwPA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a1702dadbfbdb041270a1bcf6eb1c22b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
View of Stone Mountain Craving from the Historic Square
Description
An account of the resource
The Historic Square at Stone Mountain Park is composed of original buildings from around the State of Georgia built between 1973 and 1875. The square features seasonal entertainment and live craftsman demonstrations.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Photographer: Claire CJS
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/b3bb0a62-2b5a-4e25-babd-f938810b6319" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Stone Mountain - Carving in the Stone Mountain" by Claire CJS">Creative Commons</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 23, 2005
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> by <span class="cc-license-identifier" property="dc:identifier dct:identifier"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-SA 2.0</a>.</span>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/d949defd08469563048b4eb03d6c21f4.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=tELBjwX%7EVgCv1idwy7YwZHgmXyQxldu00AFjS%7E%7E6y-0MRS1yLDt0vSOPDSYufqaGh4Ggpe%7EBKUZfsGtgEGwdVRakZsCazrls2N79WHOr1RmnbHAr%7Emt9YBuitZkA15ATnNZS5Sl6elHTy2c2p%7EysRWAMhOo52NTJ4zeuev14fQGNJaYeU6ouo0qcvf7GAhQeBMkivXqpFn6o8F%7EdYxmxH7MROfm9gr3xcQeR73jrL6EKgSehWTZx8WFUMZLY5lGgXUUyRZe448uTptxuY2O65VY3p8ffRdXBNlNMPRsRRel3MsmRj4h4rhtraUKMTua3ALPTiu%7Eqdlo25Hks1I2A7Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
266d46e9140eeef3c3ab643a6128fc62
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain Railroad
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Photographer: J. Stephen Conn
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/2c55d87a-3bb3-430b-8e18-8553fbdbc173" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=""Stone Mountain Railroad" by J. Stephen Conn">Creative Commons</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 9, 2007
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <span class="cc-license-identifier" property="dc:identifier dct:identifier"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">CC BY-NC 2.0</a>.</span>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Description
An account of the resource
The Stone Mountain Park's scenic railroad ride takes visitors on a five-mile trip around the mountain in open-air cars.
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/4c1b9d2c62030bee0e9d909b4f855d76.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=nxcyPW3PrXgIcenMdAZrF9ephVh-VwMUlkHj2kYjwC0Ttgfox%7EXUnuSSjVum7UdBAZ40dz7kT1pOLj3bFJ7aYDYCms4REJAxtm6JfnpoSf2WEpKydKG9CblytET0iLhcuR1Tf7TMbfJmF3gGvgXyoI-iPIHvmQcksJBP4Pk-TzJzCB%7EGqPROho1e78VqxfztFITMHHY6RqPsSYlEbSXesPcKU%7Eol%7Eup9i%7Ejkr7NnobWNG1aDWZ2lzKVieGq4U7c-rOhiHnQbcPJxhcQQAMordSkFrUreTCkcLp93eY9TgGBmSD%7EpXpG%7EN%7EgF-1y45R65B08XpvUTnqt574GeGUM41Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5c48471a64858e0e9d44194df6340b9b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Confederate Memorial Hall
Description
An account of the resource
Confederate Memorial Hall serves as the park's historical and environmental education center. Here visitors learn about the park's geology, ecology, the Civil War, and the story behind the Confederate Memorial craving.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
J. Stephen Conn
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/bec65b07-bcf0-4b58-949c-8a1574a3cc14" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title=" "Confederate Memorial Hall" by J. Stephen Conn">Creative Commons</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 9, 2007
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="w:en:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <span class="cc-license-identifier" property="dc:identifier dct:identifier"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">CC BY-NC 2.0</a>.</span>
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
JPG
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/adc020daa29d18f1e828a865bbf06e76.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=OfUNa0o8eQ8bcNKLgG9TRPP%7EYIHg82YkL4XNndOTctnG7oANDHb9DuNJY7QV%7EPVtLx7aE7kNqxgWEz6pIdJIRMqHIvDyGePsuioFtdENwe%7En%7EYl7dAJD6O9Y6FblAwabHVMjl94r5lbs8H7a7Armdz-8nEUSBL35eMrK2eu-7Jsm3O9eQx5-vGfxSEpELggg6OQ9zakqyVaP-wT1CFGGmLBGocO9kZcJ-g634-kc3fRkSf43rSlzFYS%7EGjepwYDglOc9HNXbBNArWExKuCfsNx77uiGIvirLtxCO5u7t4oVyOC5QuYihFh11SnwARSxIFEVvoalmeCvjYAx3tAmpQA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f14a3b183db9ea8684d2148228d8c6ba
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Laser Show at Stone Mountain
Description
An account of the resource
A popular seasonal attraction running from May to October, the Stone Mountain Laser Show is projected on the Confederate Memorial carving, bringing the past to life. Using projections and lasers, the show depicts historical events such as the American Revolution to the Civil War. The show also includes images of popular American political leaders and artists and local and national attractions.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Photographer: Capt Kodak
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 5, 2018
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<span data-v-e1c1f65a="" id="attribution" class="photo_usage-attribution is-block">This file is licensed under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons</a> is licensed under <a data-v-e1c1f65a="" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&atype=rich" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="photo_license"> CC BY-NC 2.0 </a></span>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stone Mountain: The World's Largest Confederate Monument
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia, Dominic Guerrero, Clay Kenworthy, Fernando L. Lopez
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gutzon Borglum 1916- 1925, Augustus Luckman 1925-1928, Walker Kirkland Hancock in 1963-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Stone Mountain Park Opens: April 14, 1965 (monument not completed)
Monument Dedication: May 9, 1970 (Figures on sculpture are complete, official commemoration)
Construction Completed: 1972
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Base-Relief Sculpture
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain Park, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. "Stone Mountain." In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory, edited by WILSON CHARLES REAGAN, 264-66. University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469616704_wilson.96</a><br /><br /><span>2. “Environment and History of Stone Mountain Park.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/">https://stonemountainpark.org/education/environment-of-smp/</a><br /><br />3. “Stone Mountain.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/stone-mountain</a><br /><br />4. “DeKalb County.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county">https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/counties-cities-neighborhoods/dekalb-county</a><br /><br />5. Essex, Jamey. ""THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE": WHITENESS, THE CONFEDERACY, AND COMMODIFICATION AT STONE MOUNTAIN." Southeastern Geographer 42, no. 2 (2002): 211-27. Accessed December 14, 2020. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145">http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371145</a><br /><br />6. Essex, Jamey. "THE REAL SOUTH STARTS HERE.”<br /><br />7. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. 2002. Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the south, 1890-1940. New York, NY: Vintage Books.<br /><br />8. Stone Mountain Park. “Explore Stone Mountain Park.” May 29, 2014. Video, 3:42. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjdsnxEEpZg</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21st’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a><br /><br /></span>
Description
An account of the resource
<p> After the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs, the first European Americans began to settle at the base of the mountain, officially naming the town Stone Mountain in 1847. The construction of railroad lines connecting Atlanta and other cities such as Augusta through Stone Mountain made the town a prominent visitor attraction in the 1850s. [3] During the Civil War, the Battle of Atlanta (1864) took place near Stone Mountain along the railroad heading west towards Atlanta, a critical campaign in the taking of Georgia by Union troops. [4] The mountain did not gain national attention; however, until the 1910s, when it became the chosen location of what would become the largest Confederate monument in the world.<br /> Carved on Stone Mountain is 90 feet high by 190 feet wide, 360 feet square-framed Confederate Memorial carving. [5] The memorial an ode to white southern origins, features the 'three heroes of the American Confederacy,' Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The memorial took 56 years to complete, from its initial planning in 1915 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy to its completion in 1972. [6] In the years of its construction, the memorial became a site of contention due to the Ku Klux Klan's involvement in the project, developers struggle to fund and complete the carving, and for its cultural meaning. As Grace Hale argues in her book, Making Whiteness, the memorial significance took shape within the peak of its construction. The completion of the monument amidst the civil rights era came to signify a national representation of the lost cause narrative, a symbol of white supremacy. [7]<br /> Today, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in the state of Georgia. The park contains a large, wooded area, two lakes, and various visitor amenities, including a hotel, campground, golf course, and seasonal programming. The park's advertisements illustrate the place as a family-friendly attraction, featuring a Confederate monument and not as a park built around a Confederate monument. [8] In recent years, the park has come into the national spotlight again, as local and national campaign seek the removal of the memorial carving and changes to park’s attractions. [9]<br /><span> The items a part of this collection recounts the idea behind the Stone Mountain monument, the process of carving the mountain, the opening and reception of the memorial carving, and its transformation to the present day.</span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. The Evolution of Stone Mountain (1970- Present)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Victoria Garcia
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Stone Mountain, Geogria
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Over the years, Stone Mountain Park has evolved into a premier travel destination. Under the guidance of the Stone Mountain Memorial Association (SMMA), a State of Georgia authority established in 1958 to manage the park independently, all additions to the park must seek to preserve the park's ecology, geology, and historical significance (1). Hiking trails and scenic train rides aim to accentuate the location's natural splendor and beauty. Historical building preservation and the adoption of facades resembling architecture from antebellum Georgia seek to conserve southern heritage.</p>
<p>The Confederate Hall Historical and Environmental Center allows visitors to learn more about the origin of the mountain. Interactive science exhibits address the park's ecology and geology. Exhibits also highlight the Native Americans who first resided in Stone Mountain and pioneer settlers. (2) The center also offers visitors the opportunity to learn more about the Civil War and the Memorial Carving. Regular screenings of "The Battle for Georgia-a History of the Civil War in Georgia" depicts the state's involvement in the Civil War (3). An exhibit chronicles the Confederate monument's creation by showcasing original carving designs, scale models, and photographs. The exhibit also features the documentary "The Men Who Carved the Mountain," a short film about making the confederate monument (4).</p>
Currently, Stone Mountain Park is the most visited attraction in Georgia. Family-friendly attractions, recreation, seasonal programming, and free laser shows have made the park a tourist favorite (5). However, amidst the park's popularity, national and local campaigns have protested the Confederate monument. Since 2015, activists have sought the dismantling and perhaps rebranding of the park (6). As a response, the State officials have been forthcoming to address opposition and diversified the SMMA board to create more inclusivity (7). The George Floyd protests in the summer of 2020 led to the renewal of opposition and protester occupation of the park (8). In November 2020, the SMMA leadership announced they would re-evaluate the Confederate symbols and tributes throughout the park. Board members favor additions to the park, not subtractions. However, community advocates are looking for more drastic changes that may impact the park's overall appearance (9).
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<p>1. “What is SMMA.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 15, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/about-us/what-is-smma/">https://stonemountainpark.org/about-us/what-is-smma/</a><br /><br /><br />2. “Confederate Hall.” Stone Mountain Memorial Association. Accessed December 15, 2020. <a href="https://stonemountainpark.org/activities/confederate-hall/">https://stonemountainpark.org/activities/confederate-hall/#</a><br /><br />3. “Historical & Environmental Education Center.” Stone Mountain Park. Accessed December 15, 2020. <a href="https://www.stonemountainpark.com/Activities/History-Nature/Confederate-Hall" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.stonemountainpark.com/Activities/History-Nature/Confederate-Hall</a><br /><br />4. "Stone Mountain Park." Explore Georgia. Accessed December 15, 2020.<a href="https://www.exploregeorgia.org/stone-mountain/entertainment/theme-parks/stone-mountain-park" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> https://www.exploregeorgia.org/stone-mountain/entertainment/theme-parks/stone-mountain-park</a><br /><br />5. “Why Stone Mountain is Georgia's Most-Visited Attraction.” Explore Georgia. Accessed December 15, 2020. <a href="https://www.exploregeorgia.org/things-to-do/article/why-stone-mountain-is-georgias-most-visited-attraction">https://www.exploregeorgia.org/things-to-do/article/why-stone-mountain-is-georgias-most-visited-attraction</a></p>
<p><br />6. Massey, Wyatt. “NAACP: Banish Confederate symbols from Stone Mountain in Georgia.” CNN online, July 14, 2015. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/14/living/feat-stone-mountain-georgia-naacp-confederate-symbol/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/14/living/feat-stone-mountain-georgia-naacp-confederate-symbol/index.html</a><br /><br />7. Bluestein, Greg. “Georgia governor to consider adding diversity on Stone Mountain’s board.” The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 24, 2017. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/georgia-governor-consider-adding-diversity-stone-mountain-board/jGFuSoL75B8LUBYqmyfA0I/">https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/georgia-governor-consider-adding-diversity-stone-mountain-board/jGFuSoL75B8LUBYqmyfA0I/</a><br /><br />8. Joyner, Chris & Walker, Marlon A. “Protestors clash in Stone Mountain.” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, August 15, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/protesters-clash-in-stone-mountain/3ZXGYQQJWFB6VAMZSZR74B4DXE/">https://www.ajc.com/news/protesters-clash-in-stone-mountain/3ZXGYQQJWFB6VAMZSZR74B4DXE/</a><br /><br />9. Estep, Tyler. “Panel will weigh how to ‘bring Stone Mountain Park into 21<sup>st</sup>’” The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, November 16, 2020. <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/">https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/panel-will-weigh-how-to-bring-stone-mountain-park-into-21st-century/24P44ORDSJCSRIF3VYTVAZFNLA/</a></p>
20th Century
CSA Leaders
Georgia
Jefferson Davis
Ku Klux Klan
Protests
Robert E. Lee
Sculpture
State Parks
Stone Mountain
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/c2c1d8eba26d1870e1b93b3083255068.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=MdJm-EarLmOYfb2Sa6hCFAfYNOyP7pkMjaPgRP7y-HSZa%7E5IAzusradf-ul92gC2UR894OGJZiBs3PtBjt8jCCe3Q2KRDrgPCu14MAsX90dtHUveF647Gzg0tyqXqRSvLrMPfJFUPU9m%7Exo4caERnTR%7EUT99HE2Ktbe47tXTpSmaGKTz4moDodEXKzikZARZSCS-eHDyISwt2V-M5Yc8WV1tD2X-y0d4AzOnA2iIA5SFz8Ksw8kcGBF0u3RvYhKr9-YtlJrXNX-X9fThGm5jkEXb5jhfxZ7gym4ITIuMOPhfk0CjpM-9RhfOfJ7TNmhz1qOr2x-oh6aNwR0ydpR1pg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d950e1666638074057af220846188f80
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Close up photo
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 5, 2006
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Steven Strawn
Description
An account of the resource
A close up photo with a clear view of text present on the marker.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jonathan Newell
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=66815">HMdb.org</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/copyright.asp">HMdb.org</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8ca0d20a487615a6b5fb411a44fe5b87.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Q4C0w4isrmfmaRYCRDBNKeQogRapJLyx5C-wbimQb6PW0Rti4fcPxevc5C7oHAryBHH2HVP9GuwW9H-hv2wxcPP63tb1tH2i7Kwzb-yylR3iBKsX8HTeY%7E0sX0iMSIliB4RvjA%7E3rpmJdhXNKm7PXxNubEzcXt9sDmFIoVLbvbVaZ8yVHh5acdT0T6ojI83fwDpfBlDZBFaIUlfXsD2sLeCyI93oHleHZhonKvyE12fl%7E9ymVkREQtNa5kL-8Zo4X3uETnV9otf1n14EbjdPIt-bh6akSkMJLMbwR4V%7EInvNIWBiVZhXBwZOgnhxLm%7E9-Tx7YwIbM6aoYhHNDhwUfA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
80c9f06a86aff4916d527e0035b7572d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 15th, 2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Steven Strawn
Title
A name given to the resource
Close up of the seal at the top of the marker.
Description
An account of the resource
This image provides a view of the markers thickness and the seal present at the top of the marker.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brian Scott
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=66815">HMdb.org</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/copyright.asp">HMdb.org</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/45920c756c6a28472bf26e687c7f5bc0.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Ae3p5tHqF4jUYxiBA5IynYFci61aneZsaVt3rSHLdexw9-n092U7lxOzjoAboii8dLGJl4taqgUlDYLrtl5jQCFa5tzuYQx4-C3o-QFljpLE8b8Yor%7EGbkcCjbSqEYdWTfF7B6jxsarHhswEqFTvGOZN3UFWZFMWScwT8zAU3QlsAENsoSL07kolXlqQ7OaP-Iltky9q0A5bQCcb3TSGzw-88TflvpBidlkbXv1ba-ng1ogV1e45mZz7sIMuW-STw3TuaGwYWRtXS6K-dVkVDR6mdKMpCcQQWwi7WypMN556ZdqtQTHP5xxc4Gj-gYIjIkm7ropp-9BC-hY3QCYi7A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
7e76f79b9380e6d10295427d74bd6773
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wide view of the marker
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 13, 2015
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Steven Strawn
Description
An account of the resource
This photo provides a wide view that shows the surrounds including other nearby markers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brian Scott
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
HMdb.org
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/copyright.asp">HMdb.org</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Historical Marker
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dissolution of the Confederate Government, Washington, Georgia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=66815">HMdb.org</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United Daughters of the Confederacy
Description
An account of the resource
Historical marker of the site of where the Confederate government was officially dissolved. The marker is a stone slab with the seal of the confederate government at the top centre. The marker rests on the site of the Wilkes County Courthouse. <br /><br />Several other markers related to the confederacy are located just a few steps away from this marker. These monuments within walking distance are the Jefferson Davis marker and the Last Cabinet Meeting of the C.S.A. marker.<br /><br />Inscription: <br />"<em>On this site stood the old Georgia State Bank building in which Pres. Davis held the last official cabinet meeting of the Confederacy May 4, 1865.</em><br /><br /><em>Present</em><br /><em>President Jefferson Davis • Post. M. Gen. John H. Reagan • Sec. of Navy Stephen R. Mallory • Sec. of War John C. Breckenridge • Act. Sec. of Treas. M.H. Clark • Adj. Gen. Samuel Cooper • Nav. Purch. Agt. C.E. Thorburn • Mil. Adv. Braxton Bragg • Com. Gen. I.M. St. John • Q.M. Gen. A.R. Lawton • Prvt. Sec. Burton N. Harrison • Aide-de-camp Col. J.T. Wood • Aide-de-camp Col. Lubbock, Ex. Gov. Texas • Aide-de-camp Col. Wm. P. Johnston</em><br /><br /><em>At this meeting the Confederate Government was dissolved, the last official papers were signed, the residue of coin and bullion brought from Richmond was disposed of by order of Pres. Davis, and both civil and military officials separated to make their escape."</em>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1937
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Steven Strawn, Sean Ghafourian
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Marker
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HIST 402A Fall 2020, 2021
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington, Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=66815">HMdb.org</a>
20th Century
CSA Leaders
Georgia
Historical Marker
Jefferson Davis
United Daughters of the Confederacy