1 10 5 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/7684741450009e2439f950c0432faa14.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=bg6WMEC99jF00sZFGBuSgS1bPratnoNLsBfSTlDYByLNHraGzCLIRwFtdkJVraawcLoBLD5D%7Ek0eNM9KazoKCT76m1zw9MAMtfedL-QHtp%7EyACclvntHSEA-wS98c5KOxpfV9CMDbMt9H1HYE%7EbkwKF9%7EGsPTGPrCu6WuTpXPSrbnOogIrRIqNRdsGFcVGqu-pwPoNMi6qH9gs9Rv1x9kadE3nLuMoklltEf2M10X6zwCFc5CCAdGrnJSnxlb6vsFq67HgwY1WLp13yLEx9ZYsz3ZPxK-%7ETsSlHormVqmkTy0cVCBcYnrtCF8pq5sfsQ5TsqhQWkC6Mipnmk6n7ZYw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d2920f6006a0f21241b44d89693e9190 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Life After Death General Grant Tree Trail Description An account of the resource Even after they fall, sequoias endure. These trees resist decay, sometimes lasting for hundreds of even thousands of years on the forest floor. Pictured is the Robert E. Lee Tree (right) and Fallen Monarch (far left) of Grant Grove Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David Fulmer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.flickr.com/photos/daveynin/26523308253/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Flickr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25 March 2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kings Canyon National Park Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/24e532af1647030dc4b7590c80acb3ca.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=KbKeIXy2fsHJuxUFlMWxcGXk6V2rcwfYn1Efn3Cuz4w3K46oh97SG39%7El-UgbAnu6QYzch40NERwAxYR1O3fTco36TSTTg%7EY-c497Mw3ikgTNfdtRrs44OtxgZ7-KKyJdZqLqZfQFRQiRaETqBr7ZxjuJrcdGvd9dsSY99Iny4VnT2Q6LQSA8lkRHAFhMRcydtB5f-%7EBv6aGnom4kVRRmGgttCgTJtr8IWV-pyREB0E10Srt1NEvqXbR0k6p-xYbhVmLZEM4oyEm9P1oJzC7tOFt3al0qJzkvzWZCnZCV2anZwXPpE4ThwtpvEyCsq3wGHG%7ETDmJQAvkXX1TPtelLg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ec039b5a30a179e8f8c200962aa83054 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Description An account of the resource Photographed Portrait of Robert E. Lee. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mathew B. Brady Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/286612 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons CCO 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/3f8c88f400c93a70fe540e9f7ab8488c.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=HfBymYQOxfQg%7Eeknw4MvEkE9NGmY%7EaJzDsc5sOUyoP4PAEMJA9Mo1nmZ3ChiPhcCRW6et5ehhHfkgpPKShx80IPcd7lN7vrxWlgLvL1rZIR1opXdg9RovikdwajBWiPHXnr6cnIzbUkiHcz-tKNNMzJ%7E7Ow-crSKJc9Lrxj%7ED%7EbCGAFMsMCdEZCqmzbPb6xveRlusER%7E1KHf4zqYUenAHBqPxgJ-DyImGlx4e6gp%7EY3mC-p6TkvsmXDYWP-vjLD11U7R7SjNRiZ9XSTkfmpTlroIBLSpxtufNUG6jDY3DUFJS02Aoh1FnK6X3Tu9fx7vV2%7EtAjUEsKNWK1VLqmyXFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 258d81fd1f2835ce70563a6b37583dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E Lee Tree with Fallen Monarch Description An account of the resource The Robert E Lee Tree next to the Fallen Monarch in General Grant Grove, Kings Canyon National Park. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew Fresh Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.flickr.com/photos/afresh1/5031744938/ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Flickr Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11 September 2010 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f19b25e1d47993001bc69e2b4089e66c.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=qcmPMSJ6jOFf2oaPaWi3P7wODHLhmjrMuvDC0gcwypidxjB8ZaerjJvfmsMzDmEB3k4ZWPm-%7EDo76z5W2I0UL2zSGPCw7U-2bDYGhY1xV1ga71oBSg2y%7EHoeVpYFzHwbAQn-KKYb7%7EtalfGRqXDXqLjqwKlDjHwy9uVRvHZ6Pp3%7E67mCTvm6vek7-W7xVj3XKH3xTdGT2LVB0%7Ek4OEXu-U1p%7EOToP0lmYX7j4M5cTVoe%7EGjaWZugeIFaI0m%7EmA0rppiXdSKRrdgwrOOlGo39Pkg11HCm8SgtlEbr42Q3lwQh0oqwlF8KawHvHIRsWkMTPPldIVQc1fHHvFYKmU58AQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e7a233b702dc548bc63d1e22de14f1a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Men by Sequoia, Fallen Monarch in background Subject The topic of the resource Fallen monarch, General grant national park, Kings canyon national park, Negatives, Robert e. lee, Big trees, Giant Sequoia, Sequoia, Sequoias, Description An account of the resource Snow at Camp 6 June 6, 1907 1 - Reg Each V. Roberts [Sequoias] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry E. Roberts Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U. S. National Park Service Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 6, 1907 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restrictions apply on use and/or reproduction Relation A related resource https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/8b6a30d81b20452b90aed5200c69f246 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tiff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Monique Garcia, Art Sotelo, Sergio Sifuentes, Sean Ghafourian, Grislean Palacios, and Madison Hardrick Description An account of the resource The Lost Cause in the Golden State: Confederate Memory in California is a collection that focuses on how "Lost Cause" narrative not only has preoccupied the South but has influenced the West Coast as well. Twenty-first century California is often associated with being a blue, Democratic, and liberal state, but this masks a much more conservative past, especially in southern California, where many supporters of the Confederacy settled after the Civil War. The items in this collection examine Confederate monuments and memorials located throughout California. These range from the Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia to the Jefferson Davis Highway plaque. Although in recent years many of these memorials have been removed, this collection presents the history of each item as a historical resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context History 402A 2020-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant California Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia Description An account of the resource The giant Sequoia is a marvel of nature. These are some of the largest trees in the world and they reside in Kings Canyon National Park in California. Each of these grand giants is named for historical figures. In this region, called Ulysses S. Grant Grove, there was a tree named after a slave owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee. The tree was named by a former Confederate lieutenant around 1875 [3], only ten years after the South was defeated. Ironically, the sequoia tree was found in the Union General Ulysses S. Grant section because these two generals fought each other late in the war with Grant prevailing. However, after the country experienced protests over the police murder of George Floyd, Robert E. Lee's name was removed from the tree. This does not mean General Lee has left California forests. At least two other giant sequoias--located in Yosemite and Sequoia national parks-- currently bear Lee's name [1]. The name removal would only be ceremonial because trees cannot be officially renamed without government involvement. The Kings Canyon tree was given a formal dedication by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1937 keeping the Lost Cause narrative alive in California [4]. It took 83 years for the park to decide to remove the defender of slavery's name from other public places [2]. There is sentiment for renaming the tree after the opposite of Lee, like African American abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass [2]. These majestic trees are a symbol of strength and by naming this one after a high-ranking member of the Confederate military, the Lost Cause narrative fused politics with nature. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Alexander, Kurtis. “National Park Service Removes Robert E. Lee's Name from Giant Sequoia.” San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco Chronicle, June 24, 2020. https://www.sfchronicle.com/nation/article/National-Park-Service-removes-Robert-E-Lee-s-15361079.php. 2. "Letters to the Editor: Four California Giant Sequoias are Named After Robert E. Lee. that's a Disgrace." Los Angeles Times Communications LLC, last modified Jun 19. 3. Grossi, Mark. 2009. "Robert E. Lee Giant Sequoia Labeled as Hazard." McClatchy - Tribune Business News, Aug 05. https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/robert-e-lee-giant-sequoia-labeled-as-hazard/docview/465387801/se-2?accountid=9840. 4. Moffitt, Mike. 2020. "Sequoia, Kings Canyon to Erase Robert E. Lee's Name from Trees." TCA Regional News, Jun 23. https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/sequoia-kings-canyon-erase-robert-e-lees-name/docview/2416024848/se-2?accountid=9840. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Named in: 1975 Signage removed: June 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Sotelo, Madison Hardrick Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Park Concessionaire John Broder Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Natural Structure Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2021-2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kings Canyon National Park, California California CSA Leaders General Lee Sequoia National Park Service Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Grove United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/2930766a1c02646871791ce759ed1953.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=ji-2obDyRffLGjPsT4XUu2l4MgBV0VcvmI7v2z60Vnde09eeCohouvRFcL750hMEM719UfuCLfQEfEck6ctXx5UU7VqqimMlIi9pU5p6HJhDehfjZEe09G6qoAkG5qG87DLto8ddKOktCCb6N9kaD%7EGosiKXKtuDxss0BhOVmOLSYiHXloKXEJIiVRrlMgFF1oW08DuLXr2UNlPLX48PLKWJmcXhi%7Ee7dpzusEeYadewbF1yDe6sxYG0y4SrkAzN%7ETkUc5vTrCpo2wikKP6kZ%7ExFMklSW1aoVc-5CbzGIAUv4vpXMb-NWOmFqRwSBQd3vAH7F1g50qUG4Oz47zjiVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dbb15a9c402fd0514e7cf8eaa72dc3f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument (oblique view) Description An account of the resource Angled view of the Confederate Monument with standing spray arrangement at Shiloh National Military Park. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chris Light Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_Memorial_P6250110.jpg) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 25, 2005 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Clay Kenworthy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons, Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/e0bd4b7ae4752c1d0dff7bffb00976c2.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=tpC1c5clahL1Gsqw0Y35J53SN8XWmSRGKzPstyj7PgAvb5t676VFJpoepZ2GX2Dvbq44I2k5QLv8Km-vZi0Dna9CnJrmHs2piU9LmkhQ4FOyFZoCraqs0BizjP7f4L1HtHzZZQ2jM2-bfBtV8TJiukfDVtoIqmOqwZQAvrIr8%7EqVgb3h7jIsr1X0wpkGFhNvqx4st%7E2nb-9ORQF4EGzTIYFgWp495jwJ1zVTye6JRUWcTJmO0u0nrorFuWGFOSv51Wzb5tZXwCcWjzXhyqiGQLFZmhrKEp7j2x-evVg6-cinizdYpax-2m7YQQbA6C-dnPz8y-3d06G9cwPBUmAOTg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6c97de5d23a39a05052675263c30dd58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument (front view) Description An account of the resource Confederate Monument near Pittsburg Landing Road, where Major General Ulysses S. Grant held the Union defense. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halpaugh Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_Memorial_Shiloh_National_Military_Park.jpg) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 4, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Clay Kenworthy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource GNU Free Documentation License (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/b556cc4aae137a838f6c0de947dbebde.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=fpoedoqTQTv9NPfJQRI-skje4MIECZI9B0ue1Dzpd5jeAMxyYZZVDhbEA-gz7MViKA2qDpX1q8De37anlVwpB9h3wIQxfp538qeuEGPAvGODtIdYyU9YI6GdtRzjEj8nvUkEbPNL9Zuk61aQK6xZY%7EZvsdSoNmBYO3HGx3qJ2iW%7Eu0uLq5D7v7CKCpGPm7j6LPVy04696cE%7EcRZcGVMUvuvOmEobDkAxMCJO6tr6aT1WQ-r6QwE-QJhSs5cPuEb6PA-FYKyFDGlhIQRt4d0BqbeGa8-RiM6ms1D8-hrDUPIcMsftUJ7YIAVHJPQMrFh5GLALBAbdj6TS75bHv9OMmg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7df8450413bd3477658324dafe55ab97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Defeated Victory" at Shiloh Battlefield Confederate Monument Description An account of the resource The central figures on the Confederate Monument. The Confederacy (Center) is handing the laurel of victory to Death (Left) with Night (Right) watching over. Each symbolize part of the "Defeated Victory." Death took Confederate General Johnston and the Union brought more reinforcements at night. Designer Frederick C. Hibbard used these to symbolize why the Confederates lost the battle. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kitty.blissit Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confederate_Memorial_-_Shiloh_National_Battlefield.jpg) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 17, 2012 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Clay Kenworthy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons, Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Monument, Shiloh National Military Park Description An account of the resource Inception and Design The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) began work and fundraising in 1900 to honor all the Confederate soldiers who participated in the U.S. victory at Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862.[1] In 1914, they commissioned sculptor Frederick C. Hibbard to create the $50,000 monument using over 100 tons of material.[2] The center represents a “Defeated Victory” with symbols of the Confederacy surrendering victory to Death and Night (decisive Union reinforcements arrived at night). The flanking statues symbolize Confederate frustration, defiance, stoicism, and submission concerning how they might have won the battle. The right panel shows eleven confident Confederates going to battle. The left shows ten leaving with sorrow (representing the battle’s first and second days). The center bust shows General Johnston, killed on the first day and considered a major factor in Confederate defeat.[3] The monument conveys the “Lost Cause” theme and “what if” nostalgia. Dedication On May 17, 1917, the Confederate Monument was dedicated. None of the 103 monuments dedicated at Shiloh were as significant as this ceremony. It included Tennessee’s Governor Tom Rye, Congressmen Ezekiel S. Candler, Jr., UDC President General Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, Park Superintendent DeLong Rice, Frederick Hibbard, Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Gailor (Bishop of Tennessee), and a reading of a letter from President Woodrow Wilson. Fifteen thousand people from nearly all Southern states came by boat, car, and horse. [4] 1917-Present The Shiloh National Military Park was transferred to the National Park Service in 1933 from the War Department.[5] The monument has received periodic protests in response to racial and social unrest. The monument is currently open. [6] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frederick C. Hibbard commissioned by United Daughters of the Confederacy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Shiloh National Military Park, “United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument Dedication,” Facebook, March 19, 2017, https://www.facebook.com/ShilohNMP/posts/united-daughters-of-the-confederacy-monument-dedicationthe-confederate-monument-/1286659634757353/. 2. Ibid.; “To Heroes of Bloody Shiloh,” Nashville Banner 42, no. 33 (Nashville, TN), May 17, 1917, https://www.newspapers.com/image/604541634/. 3. Shiloh National Military Park, “Shiloh Battlefield-Confederate Monument,” National Park Service, last updated March 12,2015, https://www.nps.gov/places/shiloh-battlefield-confederate-monument.htm. 4. Shedd, Jr., Charles E, A History of Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee, (United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service, 1954), 42. 5. Ibid., 45. 6. Shiloh National Military Park, “Plan Your Visit,” National Park Service, last updated October 18, 2020, https://www.nps.gov/shil/planyourvisit/index.htm. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 17, 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Clay Kenworthy, Michael Danciu Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee 20th Century Battlefields National Park Service Sculpture Shiloh Tennessee United Daughters of the Confederacy https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/56d3ece4cbd0344b23eec9af48082388.png?Expires=1792627200&Signature=OPc0TKqQaq6ZPhRIPN-QLFfrkj21FrD6pc%7EAaNWneUkoaf4gKbitBfi72ypI6AnPr9%7EhEPQCyku7YKFIdmhwpMKyCrcNXC1MfT-IeeGZ0ox47pTYbnO9KVXITXEk%7EXPFO44IdlvjVbx8ASx-K8cGrPxQEk8bK7szzIGr7%7E2f9fRs55BQ5rXS-Q4%7Eex8TcqmH1EtjJboAf-QvPTXNcsoAa70bl1Uj6jY7Y3%7EUBCpDGO5G%7Ef17RkVxYLzTvH4%7EcAmsS8ZbxkjIHNy8-FXlmpbAJ%7EirROAvoJtc0YAN8Ty3siNOESHZ5JkeNqIRII61taQXNWRgSmwwLlwioZ06bHl7iA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 16d9c68367cc15ad15c87ddfbdae0205 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sculpture of Walter Washington Williams Description An account of the resource Bronze sculpture modeled after Confederate veteran Walter Washington Williams. He is depicted as a color bearer, positioned on a pedestal of rocks, and extending his arm calling back for his comrades to follow. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Gettysburg Stone Sentinels Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://gettysburg.stonesentinels.com/confederate-monuments/confederate-soldiers-and-sailors/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/ae8bfde992ea87ceffd5f92e3d23ba3a.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=cKC2dyifVPi4Ri2bH44Bx3j0yj80cGffcxBaZa1rLymV0YsgBiPThydy-rZzbfh2vqnZvTLJz8r1vuQ9bTolXuwYluDqlQhAk9eC47clmZRWPiTr2jGeKQZLipnAhAZLyyKU9sTj2jeh2nMPuXWbnOKBQWwb7fDHptMVT5yxhQz2bCfqrCJj3MTHBZtBhKJR6Z362F8T15iLKU3JhFCmjph5WknvW4bTsWaiRkoYB7t3PeJELdbcfiDMzYhM8GjkR6CjyJNDrTEfFFc5Rg9AJ0AarxlQA%7EmgB7OF9rJU05EHAr9Ik5N6w-Jt1hDoV59HdIvcqZFqOFdmMENeAn8IdA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7b0ce01a1a4180c85baad77a07eb87e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soldiers and Sailors Monument Base Description An account of the resource Granite base for the monument with written inscription honoring Walter Williams as the last surviving Confederate veteran. Also includes engraved names of the Confederate states written vertically around the base. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 10, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soldiers_and_Sailors_of_the_Confederacy_Monument_at_Gettysburg_03.jpg Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/4837b743c345d8cfb31ceded33b15d9e.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=LbFYqRY%7EVTOBmNmljY%7EXhFWZre2GCqGoovLbnPM9UojhhXdcYBhB0xYOR0y-DtvSlU6erWVRoyzKoaC6rpy-WgHA-EapjtHfeqExRgfSf6E8YjGXQ2IyKgb0%7EnNWQtFNuDCHe1nKP5qbzkwkFNxihibfPJ5o8e9pO5zwD3JK-3XWfd3foFcZoa1hCgVmBysUxV8SDzzMBNIhCvgV84oDWbO-qWTQQgzcerYEIWx91dlSytI146yGhlwLAmioMEnnVbcpYXfrOcIDW4c-61FyowqpLrNkdF0M5GMeidCunN17Nu4hP027pObl7jRgUhtxFuHCgJJvNm4KKQYCD4PpfQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 15f0299bc4bf4e103ac95bee17876a11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Walter Williams and Dr. Heyl G. Tebo Description An account of the resource Williams laying in bed at his daughter's home being presented with a citation proclaiming him an honorary lifetime member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Houston Chronicle Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1958 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-last-civil-war-veterans-who-lived-to-be-over-100-or-did-they-180947577/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Gettysburg National Military Park Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource De Lue, Donald, sculptor; Deacy, William Henry, architect; Fond. Art V. Lera, founder Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Art Hernandez, Michael Danciu Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST402A Fall 2020 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant S Confederate Ave, Gettysburg, PA 17325 Gettysburg Military National Park Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hawks, Steve A. “Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument at Gettysburg,” April 29, 2020. https://gettysburg.stonesentinels.com/confederate-monuments/confederate-soldiers-and-sailors/. Serrano, Richard A. “The Last Civil War Veterans Who Lived to Be Over 100... Or Did They?” Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution, November 6, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-last-civil-war-veterans-who-lived-to-be-over-100-or-did-they-180947577/. “Search For Sailors.” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-sailors.htm. Heard, Alex. "The Problem of Confederate Statues on U.S. Public Lands," Outside Magazine. September 28, 2020. https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/essays-culture/confederate-monuments-public-lands/. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze sculpture; granite base Description An account of the resource The Confederacy lost the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863, after a disastrous charge on the third day of fighting. The battle ended Robert E. Lee’s second invasion of the North, and ensured that his army could not take the offensive for the rest of the war. The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors monument is a memorial dedicated on August 25, 1965, to commemorate the troops involved in the Battle of Gettysburg. Located on South Confederate Avenue in Gettysburg National Military Park, it was designed by architect Henry Dacy and sculpted by Donald DeLue. It stands about 19 feet tall and portrays a color bearer with one hand carrying the flag and the other used to motion his comrades to follow. The soldier is placed on a pillar with an inscription of the states that joined the Confederacy and text honoring those who lost their lives. What is peculiar about the monument is that despite its name, no sailors participated in the Battle of Gettysburg. However, sailors on both sides did participate in naval clashes off the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts throughout the war. The statue is modeled after a soldier is named Walter Washington Williams. He was recognized by the U.S. government as the last surviving Confederate veteran, dying at the age of 117 in 1959. However, this claim has been contested as it is unclear whether he was actually 117 years old when he died or if he even served in the Civil War. Around the time of the Civil War Centennial in the 1960s, many stories arose where men who had claimed to be survivors were discovered to be imposters who had backdated their birthdates in order to obtain prestige and receive Civil War pensions during the Great Depression. According to some park officials, the actual last survivor was John B. Salling, who died at the age of 112 in the same year, though skeptics also challenge his claim. In the summer of 2020, the monument faced renewed public scrutiny following the death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police. In response to the resulting protests, the National Park Service reexamined the role of Confederate monuments at Gettysburg and other battlefield sites. In August 2020, the National Park Service announced it would add contextual plaques to each of the twelve Confederate monuments in Gettysburg National Military Park in the coming months. 20th Century Battlefields Common Soldier Gettysburg National Park Service Pennsylvania Sculpture Veterans https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/8af38b99acc9b2104ecd06ebced9e3af.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=HnnrE27Jp474t04JMHWIeMlf3awEjyudQw24iFj4Hy8YIIoLwrb3fm0HXp6Nc1Nn5RqBYyMletO6mAbC9CpFHSYsp4d9wii-ITM%7E2ERrKPU6JCsU0aM60qySHS86RkyKVCeA6F0AlWFh219lIFMUiTRXQLNowzYonDRCy3SQPnCT1awJd2FTLUkbgCtrVtvi5FlskVAzfntG8pSORpbQONKC6iSwg9IQbvFe2eiYQogEsbX3DwkiJZ-SRTpnOgJqoDXcOHxW1Paz3gsv-5-LwNiPwl0w4dkX85G6F-EpoVZ5pqtsAtakE5cRZETZ11bPrWZW9WkrKWKp%7EdHWatLvqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b32bb91e47e3b7c3f199821b20558c51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heyward Shepherd Monument Description An account of the resource Front view of the Heyward Shepherd Monument showing the inscription. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource lcm1863 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heyward_Shepherd_Monument_-_Harpers_Ferry,_WV.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 12, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 2.0 Generic Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/6ff0eee0e6acc63d8230c1c770303ee8.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=InGty3hL0M3BspHY2V1mVzwTm6Iq0x%7E54cElUq066D8qGwA%7EJfBI-FJXyp8Jqp2QYou72KEY8pqVdl7QuZP%7EndTFIfyKTY9n3frhxU5CBMoC4tu%7Eqgf-oG0o3WTIqUq1ljGuh28yUmwYgnG8eu3G%7EEFv5semdqVRrn0kRfK32IAfFLIbOju7gEC1OqBmLSVuw-TiIa-lNxWJLw5WrxWmxtHheQPX1EJqL8svuhMyI7RW-uZwNUsdfyjZrPTe%7EIWt1AeL12fWrNrLInYVzrv3litotYmzA3eXnhAqjb%7EuIZ1KhaWKQMw7f6Iuhq%7Eeoml9ImkZxguNIcEUAFHswQCmmg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1f088015d0fb6b8673372265929471a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heyward Shepherd Monument 1995 Plaque Description An account of the resource The plaque added next to the Heyward Shepherd Monument after 1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource lcm1863 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/lcd1863/9386562489/in/photolist-78ow5R-P7HysA-2hNMRaN-Qp5jk2-oa2fkT-2iNe6HY-fiGNR9-fisA1i-2gZcjy2-dceKHN-6rdBUN-6r9soB-6rdC2s-6r9shV-2bJtJow-756dRL-57QTor-2a3wodj-2shRdv-6Jh4iw-2iCwmka-2iCuXhc">Flickr</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 12, 2013 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Attribution - ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/4e16bf05edf544c83cf27b0d5148db69.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=nfj8G%7E6Ej2xQsMg1V4zLhZbB8rIOgTAoGf9CTuK0JKzuFA6qKM2Uyl4l0Vml2hHQlmrW2y-4dKMXeCgr90b38e40teBETwneuMlzhsMkgPW%7ExTDWR8wgKURTG2CX9erRgPGTEM7MT0ABvNmYavaFGIXaZIGOAoeQgNHHDnHa4lz7%7Ee0fmhgtwL4CIp9touTQNE%7E%7Enm6B8IdbKUyZ7Dcy0rOEKtgc21aTOWssJ5RIR0eOV6kpkHkpwxl7c2jjRbfiBAt585m4gl2FsjGj%7E2brWUYOdnFGXE2k%7EO7zrB%7Etuf8E0KMSDdn1x-O2RyQiahztKzZrdkSjv33YPr%7Ex6b8fPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 48a59deaae98fc242280c857ad46dab6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Brown's Raid Description An account of the resource John Brown's Raid with Captain Alberts' party attacking the insurgents, showing the view of the railroad bridge, the engine-house, and the village. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/95522021">Library of Congress</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 5, 1859 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No known restrictions on publication. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heyward Shepherd Monument, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sally Hy Londyn Petero Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A Fall 2020 HIST 402A Fall 2021 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peter-Burghard Stone Company of Louisville Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sculpture, Granite Boulder Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harper's Ferry, West Virginia Description An account of the resource The Heyward Shepherd Monument, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Monument commemorates Heyward Shepherd, a free African American who worked as a baggage handler for Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. During abolitionist John Brown’s attempted slave revolt which set out to take over the Harpers Ferry Virginia United States arsenal, Heyward Shepherd was the first man killed by one of Brown’s men. The raid itself was swiftly put down by a United States Marines company. The monument was planned and intended to be a Faithful Slave Monument to claim the loyalty of slaves towards the Confederacy. Even though Shepherd was free, his death was used as rationale for perpetuating the Lost Cause narrative of the Faithful Slave. According to the doctor that attempted to treat his wounds, claimed Shepherd was looking for a missing watchman on a railroad bridge when approached by men who told him to halt. Shepherd ignored their orders, turning his back to walk away, and was shot from behind. It is not known whether Shepherd was even opposed to John Brown’s actions, however his narrative was distorted by the UDC who used Shepherd to promote their own cause. Today Heyward Shepherd’s monument remains standing as a granite boulder with an inscription near descriptive plaques. The monument was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy and Sons of Confederate Veterans and faced immediate challenge in 1931. The immediate reaction was a plaque created by NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, condemning the false notion of Shepherd as a “faithful slave” just one year later. The plaque was immediately removed until 2006, which was placed at the Fort's original location. The claim of loyal and faithful slaves led to continued controversies over the monument throughout the years. In 1955 another plaque was created by the National Park Service that recorded the history of the monument as being reflective of the Lost Cause. In the 1970s, the National Park Service removed the monument for protection due to supposed construction with surrounding buildings and remained due to threats of defacement. In 1995, the plaque was on display for the public again, while in 1994 a newer plaque was created and placed next to the monument with an interpretive text, depicting the controversial history of the monument of Heyward Shepherd. Once again the plaque incited the values of the Lost Cause. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Shackel, Paul A. "Heyward Shepherd: The Faithful Slave Memorial." Historical Archaeology 37, no. 3 (2003): 138-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25617086 (accessed December 13, 2020). Ochiai, Akiko. "Continuing Skirmishes in Harpers Ferry: Entangled Memories of Heyward Shepherd and John Brown.” Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 23 (2012): 7-26. Harpers Ferry Heyward Shepherd John Brown Lost Cause National Park Service Sons of Confederate Veterans United Daughters of the Confederacy West Virginia https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/164200d906d576ef7f4b2441c2fd93af.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=mkMMpKo5fTtdSel9Ml3oRZuy6lvluUQLqi3F3rjs5Ftp5gdiAgn2aHa7kojy277CXA8IT8%7EcT4D9ZknIgbuSXfiUzzMyqkRISQN7HjQatT5h-5OrfY09pedLqhScviH3PSAuRHIxkYW-Qsl-CIVd1PeQx8YHQVvxDVESVw4UVN3lZjTm9l1R3liiSlJRJAwvoZ0zOppex-iGTmaQvjHo2hKKSTT7t0xrFPIBoGegGbz8hRrH1Al1odveGU1Lr4pj9MrHOSTezhS6cJUqlC3ejkfPaUQ3cohJ79%7E5Lj-1WzDSNNNFDlQlc0eg9qvHczcdtUup61AG8m154PBUJjGLsg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0a1d2bf8c7eb16ea8ba0c132baa2b7d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appomattox (Statue) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource First photo: May 28 2010 Description An account of the resource First image reveals Appomattox (Statue) crossing his arms in the middle of an intersection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ser Amantio di Nicolao Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wiki Commons Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marissa Dong Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/787ba6b4df2ea593878ea454b9a288ce.jpg?Expires=1792627200&Signature=lRCn8NzfJYoHmoxS4qQW9NzDH87MQe1LJ38ROG09GZd7YAem6VoJhfpXo-2bXPvm1t48orczFtV8HXku6QlN4ozhzyUou9T9P%7E5ykrB29ClqnawMqC7A1qSPkcEnBJ1Ye5f-XOKjLy7TgEASZop7uXHM40yTJUDZptCOVzAzbqGCXz1EX57mpQvUb5pPvPDaUOpVmfrYiCtA-CcY4tE0miep426S0E56OrUqKZnkjQq0qbiULCwhtgdVY8NHL6kepnAUlDWmFnk91zCFIKASPgE-pvRhH6nMOOx3bgX2Zbmmvb5ZkOEhfH5LotsdBOfV8E2DpTbGeoM0lPTatqts5g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a8f86be3f919d2a397f6ede337345f94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appomattox (Statue) Removed Description An account of the resource The base of Appomattox, since just the statue was removed, in the middle of an intersection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ser Amantio di Nicolao Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wiki Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 6,2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marissa Dong Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daughters Preserving Confederate Heritage Description An account of the resource This collection explores Confederate monuments, statues, and memorials that were funded by or preserved by the United Daughters of the Confederacy across the United States. Who are the Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) and How Did They Form? The first chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) was founded in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 10, 1894, by Caroline Meriwether Goodlett of Tennessee (Founder) and Lucian H. “Anna Davenport” Raines of Georgia (Co-founder). Women from many “hospital associations, sewing societies, and knitting circles” organized together to help soldiers in the South during the Civil War. After the war, they helped erect cemeteries, memorials, monuments, and associations dedicated to the memory of Confederate soldiers through the Lost Cause ideology. [1] What is the Lost Cause Ideology? The Lost Cause Ideology is a false claim and representation of the Confederacy as heroic and the Civil War as a war where the South “fought nobly and against all odds not to preserve slavery… [but for] the rights of states to govern themselves.” In other words, the Confederacy is seen in a positive light as just and simply acting in defense “against northern aggression.” [2] This is the central message the UDC aims to preserve to honor their Confederate ancestors. [1] The UDC’s Impact: The organization currently has 41 chapters and divisions in the United States from New York to California. [3] To become a member of the organization, eligibility includes proof of lineage to “men and women who served honorably in the Army, Navy, or Civil Service of the Confederate States of America, or who gave Material Aid to the Cause.” [4] In the 126 years since its formation, the UDC has helped to erect or preserve over 50 memorials and monuments. The UDC also seeks to preserve historical records that pertain to the Civil War (1861-1865), such as rare books, documents, diaries, letters, personal records, and more. Most recently, the UDC has turned their main objective to preserving Confederate monuments and memorials that were erected by members in the past. In response to much negativity towards the Confederacy, the UDC seeks to teach the historical and lineage connected to these statues. More on the Collection: This collection contains five monuments: "Appomattox," "United Confederate Veterans Memorial," "Confederate Memorial Fountain," "The Lookout" and "Silent Sam." Unlike the other collections surrounding a specific location, this collection shifts the focus to one of the most influential supporters of the Confederate monuments throughout the US. The collection includes various monuments located in unique locations, and, more importantly, set a precedent for other Confederate monuments across the US. Within the collection, you will find one monument once located in Seattle, Washington, an unlikely state to have an UDC chapter. Plus, several monuments that the UDC helped to relocate in response to calls for removal or destruction. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marissa Dong, Melinda Alvizo, Patrick Michael (2020) Kayla Cortez, Kristina Gonzalez, Grislean Palacios (2021) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A (Fall 2020; Fall 2021) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Alexandria, Virginia; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Seattle, Washington; Sandusky, Ohio; Helena, Montana Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ol><li style="font-weight:400;">Sullivan, Patricia. "131-year-old Confederate statue removed from Alexandria intersection." The Washington Post, June 2, 2020, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">"The Confederate Statue." The Harrington Genealogy Association, September 23, 2002.</li> <li style="font-weight:400;">“The Confederate Statue.” [pdf, brochure] Office of Historic Alexandria, pp.1-6, November 2002, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">“Ad Hoc Conference - UDC Letter 1-20-16.” [pdf, letter] City of Alexandria, Virginia Government, pp. 2, January 2016, accessed November 12, 2021. <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">Locke, Mamie E. “2020 Session: SB 183 War memorials for veterans; removal, relocation, etc.” LIS: Virginia’s Legislative Information System, February 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183">https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183</a></li> <li style="font-weight:400;">“The Appomattox.” [pdf, newspaper], Alexandria Times, pp. 1-2. June 18, 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf</a></li> </ol> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appomattox Statue, Alexandria, Virginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource M. Casper Buberl, Sculptor United Daughters of the Confederacy, Private Owners and Funders Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 24, 1889 to June 2, 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marissa Dong (2020), Grislean Palacios (2021) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Bronze sculpture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HIST 402A (Fall 2020, 2021) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Alexandria, Virginia Description An account of the resource The Appomattox (statue) was a bronze monument honoring Confederate soldiers who had died while fighting during the American Civil War. The name "Appomattox" refers to the Battle of Appomattox Court House, which resulted in the surrender of Robert E. Lee in 1865. The dedication ceremony for the monument was held on May 24, 1889 in Alexandria, Virginia. The bronze statue is of a man crossing his arms, his hat in one hand, looking down at the ground. The man was facing the south, the general direction of the battlefields of the Civil War. The base was made from concrete and marble with several inscriptions on it. Inscription: South side: “Erected to the memory of Confederate dead of Alexandria, Va. by their Surviving Comrades, May 24th 1889”; North side: “They Died in the consciousness of duty faith-fully performed”; West side: 100 names of the 17th Virginia Infantry; East side: Names of the Alexandria Artillery and “Other Commands” [3] Location: The monument was originally located in the center of the intersection of South Washington and Prince Street in Alexandria, Virginia. This intersection is the exact “point from which the Alexandria troops left the city.” [3] Due to its location, many automobiles have crashed into the statue causing damage to the base and the statue. Laws Around its Protection and Removal: Historically, to prevent any removal of the statue, the R.E. Lee Camp 726 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans of Alexandria, Virginia introduced a legislation into the Virginia House of Delegates on January 9, 1890 stating that the monument, “shall not be repealed, revoked, altered, modified, or changed by any future Council or other municipal power or authority.” [3] New Virginia laws (SB 183 & HB 1537 War memorials for Veterans; removal, relocation, etc.) set to take effect on July 1, 2020 allowed for the first time the “removing, relocating, contextualizing, or covering any such publicly owned monument or memorial.. for war veterans.” [5] Impact by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC): The statue was set to be removed in July. [6] Then on June 1, 2020, the United Daughters of the Confederacy (the owners of the monument) requested the removal of the monument to a private location because vandals had recently damaged other segregation-era statues during nationwide demonstrations that had followed the May 2020 killing of George Floyd. Although the UDC were the ones to remove the monuments, they were strong advocates against the removal. In a letter from Deborah Mullins, the UDC Chapter President, to a city representative on January 20, 2016, Mullins states the Appomattox statue “is protected by state law [previously mentioned]- Acts of Assembly, Ch. 119, January 31, 1890, and Virginia Code Ann. Sec. 15.2-1812 Memorials For War Veterans. Unless and until those statues are repealed, Appomattox cannot be moved.” Additionally, Mullins suggests the reinstallation of the iron fence that once surrounded it and the addition of lighting “for better visibility at night” [4]. The base of the statue remains. It was set to be moved in July which would lead to the street being changed to remove the circle. [6] However, there have been no updates on any changes since the statue removal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ol><li>Sullivan, Patricia. "131-year-old Confederate statue removed from Alexandria intersection." The Washington Post, June 2, 2020, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/decades-old-confederate-statue-removed-from-alexandria-intersection/2020/06/02/778369a0-a4d3-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html</a></li> <li>"The Confederate Statue." The Harrington Genealogy Association, September 23, 2002.</li> <li>“The Confederate Statue.” [pdf, brochure] Office of Historic Alexandria, pp.1-6, November 2002, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/brochures/ConfederateStatueBrochure.pdf</a></li> <li>“Ad Hoc Conference - UDC Letter 1-20-16.” [pdf, letter] City of Alexandria, Virginia Government, pp. 2, January 2016, accessed November 12, 2021. <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/manager/info/UDCletter-012016.pdf</a></li> <li>Locke, Mamie E. “2020 Session: SB 183 War memorials for veterans; removal, relocation, etc.” LIS: Virginia’s Legislative Information System, February 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183">https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?201+sum+SB183</a></li> <li>“The Appomattox.” [pdf, newspaper], Alexandria Times, pp. 1-2. June 18, 2020, accessed November 12, 2021, <a href="https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf">https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/attic/2020/Attic20200618Appomattox.pdf</a></li> </ol><ul><li style="list-style-type:none;"></li> </ul> 19th Century Appomattox National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Removed Sculpture United Daughters of the Confederacy Virginia