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                    <text>Confederate Monument (oblique view)</text>
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                    <text>Angled view of the Confederate Monument with standing spray arrangement at Shiloh National Military Park.</text>
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                    <text>Confederate Monument near Pittsburg Landing Road, where Major General Ulysses S. Grant held the Union defense.</text>
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                    <text>November 4, 2012</text>
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                    <text>"Defeated Victory" at Shiloh Battlefield Confederate Monument</text>
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                    <text>The central figures on the Confederate Monument. The Confederacy (Center) is handing the laurel of victory to Death (Left) with Night (Right) watching over.  Each symbolize part of the "Defeated Victory."  Death took Confederate General Johnston and the Union brought more reinforcements at night.  Designer Frederick C. Hibbard used these to symbolize why the Confederates lost the battle.</text>
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                    <text>Kitty.blissit</text>
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                    <text>Clay Kenworthy</text>
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                <text>Inception and Design&#13;
&#13;
The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) began work and fundraising in 1900 to honor all the Confederate soldiers who participated in the U.S. victory at Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862.[1]  In 1914, they commissioned sculptor Frederick C. Hibbard to create the $50,000 monument using over 100 tons of material.[2]   The center represents a “Defeated Victory” with symbols of the Confederacy surrendering victory to Death and Night (decisive Union reinforcements arrived at night).  The flanking statues symbolize Confederate frustration, defiance, stoicism, and submission concerning how they might have won the battle.  The right panel shows eleven  confident Confederates going to battle. The left shows ten leaving with sorrow (representing the battle’s first and second days).  The center bust shows General Johnston, killed on the first day and considered a major factor in Confederate defeat.[3]   The monument conveys the “Lost Cause” theme and “what if” nostalgia.&#13;
&#13;
Dedication&#13;
&#13;
On May 17, 1917, the Confederate Monument was dedicated.  None of the 103 monuments dedicated at Shiloh were as significant as this ceremony.  It included Tennessee’s Governor Tom Rye, Congressmen Ezekiel S. Candler, Jr., UDC President General Cordelia Powell Odenheimer, Park Superintendent DeLong Rice, Frederick Hibbard, Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Gailor (Bishop of Tennessee), and a reading of a letter from President Woodrow Wilson.  Fifteen thousand people from nearly all Southern states came by boat, car, and horse. [4] &#13;
&#13;
1917-Present&#13;
&#13;
The Shiloh National Military Park was transferred to the National Park Service in 1933 from the War Department.[5]   The monument has received periodic protests in response to racial and social unrest.  The monument is currently open. [6]</text>
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                <text>Frederick C. Hibbard commissioned by United Daughters of the Confederacy</text>
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                <text>1.  Shiloh National Military Park, “United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument Dedication,” Facebook, March 19, 2017, https://www.facebook.com/ShilohNMP/posts/united-daughters-of-the-confederacy-monument-dedicationthe-confederate-monument-/1286659634757353/.&#13;
&#13;
2.  Ibid.; “To Heroes of Bloody Shiloh,” Nashville Banner 42, no. 33 (Nashville, TN), May 17, 1917, https://www.newspapers.com/image/604541634/.&#13;
&#13;
3.  Shiloh National Military Park, “Shiloh Battlefield-Confederate Monument,” National Park Service, last updated March 12,2015, https://www.nps.gov/places/shiloh-battlefield-confederate-monument.htm. &#13;
&#13;
4.  Shedd, Jr., Charles E, A History of Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee, (United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service, 1954), 42. &#13;
&#13;
5.  Ibid., 45.&#13;
&#13;
6.  Shiloh National Military Park, “Plan Your Visit,” National Park Service, last updated October 18, 2020, https://www.nps.gov/shil/planyourvisit/index.htm. </text>
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                <text>Clay Kenworthy, Michael Danciu</text>
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                <text>HIST 402A Fall 2020</text>
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