1 10 1 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/1fc96a73f50ebdc71402dc2a6ab6531d.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=ZK4-mjzH0DW3ih2JRjX4-S4FzPZMu2UbCrQ0qWe8PzPyt54tWTGrE6HW7kaz4YUZVDvhvNh4x763UqGTu3LNkjudmPEclCZMtohaewShlLsQmnphVGayzj5fYNh8HvWgS6xYmu%7Eos47N16XDcWgFk8GW%7EwP7q4fPiIIl-z4ENUXBuzY8h9vVelVmJxmWZQUlWiedSBwWnoFqIo5G9EvQRDROXFpXFmfmdorahG2FzwKPg2q12ykvTOgg7hG0oGVoeVKDnMKWIRDRra6twS-%7E8qIXRL1AezwGIti-EVxTqdJQ21FudDCRHMBiAcOOfjkJGfNigNTm7f9PwyJuFFjJGA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e1dc43622a36f48f9adece100196a298 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton Headstone Front Description An account of the resource New headstone for John C. Hunton, dedicated in September 2010, towering over the original headstone. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dawnleelynn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 August 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/f4d5afd3fe9338f45dc53d7e97b256ad.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=Xc36bvRh7OyX998IxiRPm%7EcPuzdtHNweuvm8HMEFimvCjr6RtZgnvcAqazQQZe0ZsxTptx2TJibN5yJ1VDqF2pyFIsSN0sirgTzj0oDS9TRyqmtInxbXyE6tc8uZD%7EOaoIKB3VusKpbDg6lu9Srxg-NCYUyi1I9VSfOEHniMXPFYmen9jKjS928yltDWqHMAV%7EW1Q5n%7EkT7FVBxNliM7pEXhZ-R02Qxdq%7ErObDlL6YUwaSulQONffYt6ww3Ulq8iFtjQ23iWiK5P70XN2Q3H-caaiWROOc6ojBcUZx6prNX3IG%7EfeWS5d4-wfHcW6kiAcV7V1vEpPO96zIy0qM5Iew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 620187a9ca366a460d047837dacc7692 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton Headstone Back Description An account of the resource The back of John C. Hunton’s new headstone dedicated in September 2010. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dawnleelynn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 August 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/54855/archive/files/42c2f8eec7b73705a080316c0c271aa1.jpg?Expires=1785369600&Signature=uVqk0eGDg0SZURA1VIk3BfLxPAnDpFLyH9u3nc9sGRhWtkS3uabh5iTKZWd83FGEkZ3q68f9S-g8NrcifMNaRghAwqG1fKaCS0QEIAiMP1HtC4zTxgdtucjzBVAOitB1r1t%7EWeTsqV4oZRSfzr9%7E3o7KYS4zXxbYPuxr2%7EJe-yjssCNlK4NvQJbBLoWOIDczFi0vbJhA68P2fu1JZ4AgxQgDKvjwxz0m-PVci27EIWpSytgUsjhjJip%7E7bb64PJUs15vzyC4GMoXwEEIVJgIhCaPkyYRz5ATgHSmRd7rlmXFQXsVpsDPUdq2jNKrK4U8Ii6E1UZPzHCAUFLKEe6m5g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4cb38f997f8d775ffab3dccda54b506d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1870s Image of John C. Hunton Description An account of the resource Black and white photo of John C. Hunton Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource L.G. “Pat” Flannery and Michael Griske Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WYOHISTORY.ORG Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870-1880 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The photos of John Hunton and Pat Flannery are from the author’s collections. Used with permission and thanks. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lost Cause in the Far West Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sons of Confederate Veterans and The Daughters of the Confederacy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kareem Khaled, Janae Scott, Marbella Valeriano Garcia, Ian Hodges, Kevin Gomez Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Denver, Colorado Leesburg, Idaho San Antonio, New Mexico Cheyenne, Wyoming St. George, Utah Description An account of the resource This collection represents an amalgamation of Confederate incursions into the western territories of North America during the Civil War in order to acquire precious metals and natural resources to assist in financing flagging efforts to sustain the Confederate agenda. Four of the territories included in this collection: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Leesburg, Idaho; Denver Colorado; and St. George, Utah were not theaters of conflict between Union and Confederate forces between 1861-1865. Instead, Confederate incursions into these territories were based on disrupting Union supply lines, interrupting Union telegraph communication, committing general bedlam crimes, exploiting precious metals, such as gold and silver to finance the war effort, and mining lead and zinc to bolster Confederate armaments in the later half of the war. In a sharp departure from the harassment and interruption of Union supplies in these territories, a small detachment of Confederate soldiers raided supply lines and murdered civilians in the Colorado territory after stealing their weapons and possessions. The only theater of conflict in this collection was the Battle of Valverde over Fort Craig in New Mexico which created a significant burden for Confederate forces and inflicted heavy losses, thus stretching the much needed resources for war, and hampering further Confederate activity in the region. The Confederates could not sustain their efforts to skirmish with Union soldiers throughout these territories, and continuous failures at obtaining gold and silver eventually forced the Confederates to retreat back to the South. Despite this retreat, significant sympathy for the Confederates had developed in these western territories. Following the failure of the Confederates in the West, General Robert E. Lee negotiated the terms of surrender with General Ulysses S. Grant officially ending Confederate aggression against Union soldiers throughout the country. After the Confederate surrender, the western territories of North America served as a haven for lost cause ideology and southern sympathizers. Former confederate soldiers and officers moved to Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming and established general stores, banks, hotels, mining enterprises. Several prominent Confederates were elected to legislative positions when statehood was granted and influenced racist and bigoted policies throughout the newly created states. Monuments and landmarks were created in the west to reinforce lost cause ideology, while townships and schools were named after Confederate generals and figureheads to reinforce the erasure of the legacy of slavery in the South. The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Sons of Confederate Veterans took painstaking efforts to justify Confederate incursions into these territories and to bolster financial and political support from Southern sympathizers. New Mexico eventually became the home for the daughter and son-in-law of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis. They became entrenched in the banking industry and had prominent roles in civil society. Despite being the site of such a limited theater of conflict during the Civil War, the state of New Mexico, in association with the Sons of Confederate Veterans hosted a massive convention of Confederate Veterans. As the contemporary debate has raged as to what to do with Confederate iconography throughout the United States, each of the locations in this collection have employed various means to remove, alter, cloak, or convert their Confederate monuments and landmarks. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Consult sources for each item in the collection. Type The nature or genre of the resource Monument, Gravestone, High School, and Abandoned Township. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Leesburg, Idaho 1866 St. George, Utah 1911 Fort Craig, New Mexico 1936 Denver, Colorado 2003 Cheyenne, Wyoming 2010 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John C. Hunton’s Gravestone, Cheyenne, Wyoming Subject The topic of the resource John C. Hunton’s Gravestone Description An account of the resource This Gravestone was unveiled in 2010 by the Daughters of the Confederacy and the Wyoming Pioneers Association to commemorate the Confederate soldier, John C Hunton. The original grave was a smaller headstone with the letters J. H. on it. The new grave has his date of birth and death, as well as his rank and regiment in the confederate army. John C. Hunton was born January 18, 1839 at Madison Courthouse in Virginia. He would join the United States military at the age of 18, and would see his first military service at Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Hunton’s home in Madison Virginia was in the borderland between the North and the South, the area where families split due to the differences to their loyalties at the start of the secession; John C Hunton would choose the South. John C Hunton would serve with the Confederate army of Northern Virginia in Virginia's Seventh Infantry, and would help lead Pickett's Charge in the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, in 1867, like many disillusioned Southerners, he would move westward, and Hunton’s destination was Wyoming’s Fort Laramie. From there, he worked as a clerk and general aid in the store, and during the winter of 1867, he even shared a room with the famous government scout Jim Bridger. In 1870, John Hunton received a contract to supply Fort Laramie with wood, and during the next ten years, his government contracts would expand into a large business. He would go on to supply hay, beef, charcoal, lime and other commodities to Camp McKinney as well as to Fort Laramie, also hauling freight for the military to Fort Fetterman, Fort Steele, Fort Phil Kearny, Fort Reno, and Fort C.F. Smith. In 1871, he became half owner of the SO cattle with W. G. Bullock, this herd being the first in the Wyoming area, aside from some work oxen. In the same year, Hunton would open a road ranch at Bordeaux, south of Wheatland. By the 1880s, Hunton would become one of the territory’s most prominent citizens, opening a hotel in Bordeaux and was elected Laramie County commissioner. The era of great cattle barons would end in a disastrous winter in 1886-87, leading to Hunton returning to Fort Laramie in 1889, this time as a post trader. This position would end in 1890, when the fort was abandoned, but would stay in the fort for many years. He became a United States Commissioner from 1892 to 1907, a volunteer weather observer for the weather department, and a civil engineer, surveying uncharted wilderness areas in north central and western Wyoming. Later in Hunton’s life, Hunton and his wife would move to Torrington, and on September 15th, 1926, John C Hunton would call the first meeting of the Wyoming Pioneer Association, an organization that aims to preserve Wyoming’s pioneer history. On September 4th, 1928, at the age of 89, John C Hunton would die, and would be buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Cheyenne. Due to the obscure location of the gravestone away from the everyday public eye, this monument has not received any controversy from any outside group. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United Daughters of the Confederacy Wyoming Pioneer Association The Veterans Administration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 1. Shaw, Jerry. “Where You Can Find Confederate Flag Flying in Wyoming.” Newsmax, Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax Media, Inc., 2 Sept. 2015, www.newsmax.com/fastfeatures/confederate-flag-wyoming/2015/09/01/id/673106/. 2. Orr, Becky. “Overdue Recognition.” Wyoming Tribune Eagle, 11 Sept. 2010, www.wyomingnews.com/news/overdue-recognition/article_03605743-b7e5-5d4f-94ca-3b4189cc8b33.html. 3. Horan, Susan. “Archives West Finding Aid.” John Hunton Papers - Archives West, archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv174106. Accessed 15 Nov. 2023. 4. Roddam, Rick. “Wyoming’s Only Monument to a Confederate Soldier.” My Country 95.5, 24 Aug. 2017, mycountry955.com/wyomings-only-monument-to-a-confederate-soldier/. 5. Griske, Michael. “John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier.” John Hunton and His Diaries of the Wyoming Frontier | WyoHistory.Org, 31 Dec. 2021, www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/john-hunton-and-his-diaries-wyoming-frontier. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10 September 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ian Hodges Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Gravestone Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hist 402A Fall 2023 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Cheyenne, Wyoming 21st Century Cemetery Daughters of the Confederacy Gravestone John C. Hunton Veterans Wyoming Wyoming Pioneer Association